tp钱包下载链接|nyc

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2024-03-07 20:15:58

纽约(美国第一大城市)_百度百科

国第一大城市)_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心纽约是一个多义词,请在下列义项上选择浏览(共19个义项)展开添加义项纽约播报讨论上传视频美国第一大城市收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10纽约(英语:New York),隶属于美国纽约州,美国第一大城市,位于美国东北部沿海哈德逊河口,濒临大西洋,属温带大陆性湿润气候。总面积1214平方千米,下辖5个区,市政厅驻曼哈顿市政厅公园内。 [22]截至2022年,总人口约834万人。 [43]纽约原为印第安人居住地区。1524年,意大利人来到哈德逊河口,1626年,荷兰人从印第安人手中低价买下曼哈顿岛,在近哈得孙河口一角地,辟作贸易站,称为“新阿姆斯特丹”。1664年,被英国夺占,改名纽约,范围扩大到邻近陆地和长岛等处。1686年,设纽约市。1789年,纽约为美国临时首都,第一任总统华盛顿在此就职。20世纪20年代初,纽约超越伦敦,成为当时世界上人口最多的城市区。第二次世界大战后,纽约城市再次繁荣,成为世界级大都市。 [23]纽约市是美国乃至全球的经济、金融、商业、贸易、文化和传媒中心,是世界三大金融中心之一,华尔街被称为美国经济的晴雨表。纽约拥有哥伦比亚大学、纽约大学等120家高等教育机构及2000家艺术和文化机构,是全球电视、广告、音乐、报纸和图书出版业中心城市,也是北美最大的媒体市场。纽约交通便利,公路网密布,公共交通发达。拥有肯尼迪国际机场等三个国际机场,纽约港是北美洲最繁忙的港口。有时代广场、自由女神像、中央公园、大都会博物馆等景点。 [22]2022年,纽约市地区生产总值为10530亿美元,位居全球第一,人均地区生产总值为12.63万美元,是全球最富裕城市 [33] [44]。中文名纽约外文名New York City别    名大苹果、不夜城、新约克行政区类别市所属地区美利坚合众国(USA)地理位置美国纽约州东南部,美国东北部沿海哈德逊河口 [22]面    积1214 km²(包括海域)下辖地区曼哈顿区、皇后区、布鲁克林区,布朗克斯区、斯塔滕岛政府驻地百老汇大街260号电话区号212、718、917、347、646邮政编码10041 NY 212、10043 NY 212等气候条件温带大陆性湿润气候 [23]人口数量834 万 [43](2022年)著名景点自由女神像、大都会博物馆、时代广场机    场约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪国际机场、拉瓜迪亚机场、纽瓦克自由国际机场火车站大中央总站、宾夕法尼亚车站车牌代码NEW YORK(上) THE EMPIRE STATE(下)地区生产总值15983.9 亿美元 [33](2021年)方    言英语(官方语言)现任市长埃里克·亚当斯 [20]目录1历史沿革2行政区划3地理环境▪位置境域▪地形地貌▪气候▪水文4人口5政治6经济▪综述▪第一产业▪第二产业▪第三产业7交通运输▪公路▪铁路▪空运▪水运▪公共交通8社会事业▪教育事业▪科技事业▪文化传媒▪医疗事业▪体育事业▪社会保障9历史文化10著名人物11特色饮食12风景名胜13对外交流▪国际组织▪友好城市▪友好城区14城市荣誉历史沿革播报编辑1492年,哥伦布发现美洲大陆后,欧洲各国殖民者纷纷涌来建立殖民贸易点,这里逐渐形成自由港,这就是纽约的前身。1524年,意大利人乔瓦尼·达韦拉扎诺来到河口地区,成为第一个历史记载的造访纽约的欧洲人。1602年,荷兰派遣亨利·哈德逊前往北美洲找寻新乐土,1609年,抵达纽约湾并沿着河流北上,隔年哈德逊带着北美洲的土产和毛皮回到荷兰,许多荷兰商人对这片拥有丰富资源的土地,产生高度的兴趣并定居于此,荷兰人并以“新尼德兰”(New Nederland)命名。1624年,荷兰人在加弗纳斯岛建立皮草贸易点,由此欧洲人在新尼德兰开始了正式的永久居留。1625年,阿姆斯特在曼哈顿岛上开始兴建。1626年,荷兰人从当地印第安人手中廉价买下曼哈顿岛建立贸易站,并按荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹的名字,将这个地方命名为“新阿姆斯特丹”。1664年,英国舰队开到纽约,荷兰人自知无力与之抗争,新尼德兰总督彼得·斯特伊维桑特投降,将新阿姆斯特丹拱手相让。英国夺占,改名纽约,范围扩大到邻近陆地和长岛等处。英国国王查理二世将这片地方交给他的弟弟管辖,于是,国王的弟弟便将自己的领地从英国的约克郡迁到新阿姆斯特丹,并将地名改为“纽约”,即“新约克”。1686年,设纽约市。 [24]1789年,美国国父乔治·华盛顿在纽约市宣誓成为第一任总统,当时美国的首都就在纽约市。 [23]1898年,布鲁克林(当时为一个独立城市)、纽约县(包括布朗克斯的一部分)、里士满县和皇后县的西部合并,正式成为了现代的纽约市。至20世纪初,纽约成为世界最大的城市之一,与伦敦、巴黎等齐名。 [23]行政区划播报编辑截至2022年,纽约市共辖5个市辖区,布朗克斯区(The Bronx)、布鲁克林区(Brooklyn)、曼哈顿(Manhattan)、皇后区(昆斯区)(Queens)、斯塔滕岛(Staten Island),市政厅驻曼哈顿下城市政厅公园内。纽约五大区地理环境播报编辑位置境域纽约位于西经74°00′,北纬40°43′,美国东北部沿海哈德逊河口处,濒临大西洋。西临新泽西州,北接罗德岛州,总面积1214平方千米,其中425平方千米为水域,789平方千米为陆地。 [22]纽约地形地貌纽约地处哈德逊河口平原上,全市地势低平,最高海拔位在斯塔滕岛的托德山,约124.9米,是缅因州以南美国东部沿岸的最高地。气候纽约属温带大陆性湿润气候,冬寒夏凉,1月平均气温0℃以下,7月平均气温21℃。年均降水量820-1100毫米。 [23]暖和季节持续3.5个月左右,从6月初到9月中旬,每日平均高温29℃,低温22℃。寒冷季节持续3个月左右,从12月初到3月初,每日平均高温4℃,低温-2℃。雨季是从3月下旬到8月下旬。雨季通常伴随着飓风季节,飓风和热带风暴相对较少,但偶有发生。水文哈德逊河纽约哈德逊河(Hudson River)流经哈德逊河谷,进入纽约湾,为纽约市和新泽西州的分界线。纽约东河(East River)流经长岛海湾,将布朗克斯和曼哈顿与长岛隔开。哈莱姆河(Harlem River)位于东河与哈德逊河之间,分隔曼哈顿和布朗克斯两行政区。布朗克斯河(Bronx River)流经布朗克斯和威斯特彻斯特郡,是纽约市唯一皆为淡水的河流。人口播报编辑截至2021年,纽约市总人口约882.35万人,是全美人口密度最高的城市。 [33]截止2022年,纽约市总人口约834万人。 [43]纽约是一座移民城市,2022年3月24日,纽约市长移民事务办公室(MOIA)发布年度报告,提供纽约市移民人口的最新数据,全市超过300万移民人口,已占全市总人口的40%,约60%的人口为移民或移民第二代,使用超过200种语言;报告显示,在过去十年间全市人口增长8%,其中亚裔人口成长最快,为所有族裔首位,达33.6%;拉美裔以增加6.6%居次;非洲裔和白人人口有所减少,分别下降了4.5%和0.1%。出生于外国的移民人口,来自多米尼加共和国的移民最多,在2020年居住在纽约市的人口数量为42万1920人;中国移民则是位居第二,为32万900人,在过去十年间成长了7.3%。纽约市总人口中,有63.6%为在美出生公民;36.4%为移民,其中有21.5%的归化公民,其余14.9%则包括绿卡以及其他居留身份。 [25]截至2020年4月,20%的移民说汉语。 [26]政治播报编辑纽约市管理机构包括市议会和市政府。市议会由全市51个选区各推选1名议员组成,任期4年。议长由议员选举产生,任期4年。市政府设市长1名,审计长1名,公共利益协调官1名,由市民选举产生,任期均为4年。审计长是纽约的首席财务官。公共利益协调官有权发起立法,监督政府机构,负责协调政府公共关系,在市长职位空缺时行使代理市长职能。现任市长埃里克·亚当斯于2022年1月正式就职。 [22]经济播报编辑纽约曼哈顿金融区综述纽约市是美国经济中心、金融中心和商业中心,也是世界三大金融中心之一。纽约市的主要产业是金融、高科技、房地产、保险、医疗等。纽约市服务业占地区经济比例达89.9%,主要服务业类别包括法律、会计、金融、管理咨询等。 [22]纽约在美国经济中占据举足轻重的地位,拥有较为齐全的制造业和服务业产业集群,主要包括计算机硬件与电子、工业机器与系统、交通设备、生物医药、材料加工、光学与成像、软件、食品加工、通讯与传媒、金融与保险服务业等。生命科学、纳米技术、半导体、清洁能源等高技术产业发展迅速。 [23]纽约不仅是美国的金融中心,也是全世界金融中心之一。逾一个世纪以来,纽约在商业和金融的方面发挥巨大的全球影响力。曼哈顿岛是纽约的核心,在五个区中面积最小,仅57.91平方公里。但这个东西窄、南北长的小岛却是美国的金融中心,美国最大的500家公司中,有三分之一以上把总部设在曼哈顿。7家大银行中的6家以及各大垄断组织的总部都在这里设立中心据点。这里还集中了世界金融、证券、期货及保险等行业的精华。位于曼哈顿岛南部的华尔街是美国财富和经济实力的象征,也是美国垄断资本的大本营和金融寡头的代名词。这条长度仅540米的狭窄街道两旁有2900多家金融和外贸机构。著名的纽约证券交易所和美国证券交易所均设于此。在第17期全球金融中心指数(GFCI17)排名中,纽约再次以最高分位居榜首。作为全球金融中心八大领导者之一,纽约金融中心不仅在银行、证券、保险、财务管理等各类金融子行业上都有不俗的表现,而且在国际间有着极大的影响力和辐射力。 [31]据美国商务部经济分析局数据显示,2019年,纽约市地区生产总值为10651.49亿美元,同比增长1.2%,人均地区生产总值为12.77万美元。2021年,纽约市地区生产总值为15983.9亿美元,人均地区生产总值为18.12万美元。 [33]名列全球最富裕城市名单榜首。 [34]2022年,纽约市地区生产总值为10530亿美元,人均地区生产总值为12.63万美元。根据纽约市政府的预测,2023年纽约市经济增速约1.5%,预计2023年GDP高达10688亿美元 [43]。第一产业纽约都市农业(布鲁克林区楼顶城市农场)纽约市人口稠密且地价高昂,当地政府一直鼓励都市农业的发展。1970年代,纽约处于低谷期,面对金融危机很多公共和私人土地被遗弃,此时通过Operation Green Thumb等行动,由志愿者对废弃空地进行翻修,改造为休闲社交、食物种植或综合多用途的社区农园,高峰时期社区农园数量最多达700个,这是纽约都市农业的快速发展时期。1993年后,城市房地产热潮兴起,大量社区农园土地被征用发展面临受阻,数量锐减。由于社会与环境发展严重不平衡,人们开始重新重视都市农业,当地政府也发布一系列推进政策,推动都市农业再次发展,范围扩大的同时模式也逐渐趋于多样化,包括个人园艺、社区园艺、商业农业、室内农业(如水培和鱼菜共生)、屋顶温室等。纽约五大行政区的都市农业为当地人带来了众多好处,如扩大了健康食品的获取渠道,建立了强大的社区网络,改善了社区空气质量、生物多样性以及提供了教育机会和就业机会等。纽约都市农业能够使用更少的土地资源和水资源,产出更多的农产品,满足更多人群的食物所需,并保障所种植的农产品均为非转基因、无农药且可以实现全年收获,农产品包括罗勒、莳萝、欧芹、香菜、西蓝花、卷心菜等,在当地250多家商店销售。 [28]第二产业纽约拥有较为齐全的制造业产业集群,主要包括计算机硬件与电子、工业机器与系统、交通设备、生物医药、材料加工、光学与成像、软件、食品加工等。生命科学、纳米技术、半导体、清洁能源等高技术产业发展迅速。纽约光电子制造业就业数在全美排名第1位,国防电子制造业排名第2位,高技术制造业排名第3位。纽约拥有工厂约2.6万座,工人77.5万人以上,是仅次于芝加哥和洛杉矶的全国第三大工业中心。工业部门繁多,由于缺乏能源与原料,居民点密集,生活消费品需要量庞大,向以服装和出版业最盛;次为化学、电气器具、金属制品、食品、化妆品、玩具和炼油等工业。耗用大量燃料和原料的工厂,大都分布于市区以外的铁路沿线及长岛沿岸,其中包括炼铜厂和炼油厂等。沿斯塔滕岛西岸和隔河相望的大陆东岸也都分布着一些炼油厂,主要炼制汽油、喷气煤油、柴油、润滑油等,供应大市区。 [23]第三产业纽约市是美国的金融中心和商业中心,也是世界三大金融中心之一。纽约市的主要产业是金融、高科技、房地产、保险、通信传媒、旅游等。纽约市服务业占地区经济比例达89.9%,主要服务业类别包括法律、会计、金融、管理咨询等。世界500强企业中有超过1/10的总部位于纽约,数量位居全美首位,包括花旗银行、摩根斯坦利、高盛、摩根大通、美国国际集团等著名公司。 [23]华尔街(Wall Street),纽约市曼哈顿区南部从百老汇路延伸到东河的一条大街道。全长仅三分之一英里,宽仅为11米。街道狭窄而短,从百老汇到东河仅有7个街段,却以“美国的金融中心”闻名于世。美国罗斯柴尔德财团、摩根财团、洛克菲勒石油大王、高盛集团和杜邦财团等开设的银行、保险、航运、铁路等公司的经理处集中于此。著名的纽约证券交易所也在这里,至今仍是几个主要交易所的总部:如纳斯达克、美国证券交易所、纽约期货交易所等。“华尔街”一词现已超越这条街道本身,成为附近区域的代称,亦可指对整个世界经济具有影响力的金融市场和金融机构。交通运输播报编辑公路布鲁克林大桥纽约公路路网稠密,大市区所属的各岛之间,筑有多座桥梁和多条河底隧道相连贯。主要道路罗斯福路第一大道第二大道第三大道莱辛顿大道公园大道麦迪逊大道第五大道第六大道第七大道百老汇大道第八大道中央公园西侧阿姆斯特丹大道哥伦布大道第九大道第十大道第十一大道第十二大道West End AvenueRiverside Drive西侧高速公路主要大桥布鲁克林大桥威廉斯堡大桥皇后区大桥韦拉札诺海峡大桥三区大桥乔治华盛顿大桥主要隧道林肯隧道荷兰隧道中城隧道布鲁克林-炮台公园隧道铁路纽约中央车站经营长途和城际铁路客运的美铁为纽约市的宾夕法尼亚车站提供服务。 [7]纽约还有复杂的通勤铁路系统,由三家铁路公司提供服务,其中长岛铁路和新泽西捷运给宾夕法尼亚车站提供服务, [3]而大都会北方铁路则给纽约中央车站(或称大中央车站)提供服务。 [8]整个通勤铁路系统将纽约市与纽约州上州和长岛,新泽西州,以及康涅狄格州连接起来,总共包括超过250个车站和20条线路。空运约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪国际机场纽约有三大机场,肯尼迪国际机场、拉瓜迪亚机场及纽瓦克自由国际机场。其中位于纽约市中心曼哈顿约24公里处的约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪国际机场(John F. Kenney International Airport),不仅是大纽约地区主要的国际机场,也是美国门户级国际航空枢纽。面积约20平方千米,2019年,约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪国际机场共完成旅客吞吐量6255.1072万人次;货邮吞吐量143.5213万吨;飞机起降45.6060万架次。该机场直飞中国的城市主要包括北京、上海、广州、武汉、南京、杭州、福州、成都、重庆、香港等。 [23]水运纽约港是北美洲最繁忙的港口,亦为世界上天然深水港之一。纽约港区岸线总长1200多公里,主要由哈得孙河下游、长岛海峡和斯塔滕岛西面水域组成;水深9~13米的泊位400多个,拥有现代化的装卸、干船坞和库藏设施。纽约港有两条主要航道。一条是哈德逊河口外南面的恩布娄斯航道,长16千米,由南方或东方进港的船舶经这条航道进入纽约湾驶往各个港区。另一条是长岛海峡和东河,由北方进港的船舶经过这条航道。哈德逊河入海口的狭水道,水深30多米,东河水道大部分河段水深在18米以上。公共交通纽约公共交通系统的可持续性排名全美第一。形成一个拥有地铁、公共汽车、渡轮、通勤铁路等公共交通方式的大众捷运系统。其中,纽约地铁是公共交通的骨干;巴士作为地铁的辅助遍布五大行政区,都为24小时运行,停靠站点多,非常方便,是比较推荐的出行方式。在纽约城市化发展进程中,地铁站周边公交车站的候车环境以及周边步行交通环境同步改建,积极改善公交车与通勤铁路车站之间接驳换乘条件,增加能够与公交车站联系接驳的步行道路和自行车道,打造轨道交通、人行道与公交车站连通的和谐状态。在纽约中央商业区,有4/5的人选择公共交通出行来避开拥挤的交通和高昂的停车费。 [38]纽约地铁线路图纽约市公共交通系统由地铁、城际铁路、公共汽车和渡轮组成,公交出行比例约46%。公共汽车路网遍布城市各行政区,并与地铁路网配合转乘,形成便捷的交通网。 [22]纽约公交公交纽约市的公交车(MTA Bus)遍布纽约市五大行政区,并在多处与地铁路网配合转乘,平均每天有5,800辆公交车载着2万人次的乘客,行走于200多条的慢车线及301条的快车线上。其编码分别以行径的第一个英文字母表示(M表示曼哈顿区,B表示布鲁克林区,Q表示皇后区,Bx表示布朗克斯区,S表示斯塔滕岛)。为了更缩短行车时间,部分线路还加开了直达快车,专于市区的干道及著名景点附近搭客。公交车的总站位于第8大道以及42街路口的纽新航港局客运总站(Port Authority Bus Terminal)该站位居交通要冲,并且设有地铁站以供转乘,也是州际公交车进出纽约市的主要门户,同时还有市区公交车及州际客运可供搭乘,为全美最繁忙的公交车总站。纽约为了保障城市交通畅通、市民出行便利,在纽约市推出公交优先的公共交通理念。纽约不断挖掘现有公共交通的服务潜力,规划快速公交线路,改善和提升公交周边服务。不断强化快速公交线路的规划建设,设置公交专用车道和快速公交车优先信号灯,将改建的公交专用车道,服务于快速公交车和高承载率车辆;在中纽约央商务区设置公交专用道,规定行驶权限,只允许公交车通过;在一些主要路口设置不许左拐或不许右拐的标志,以减少车辆的等候时间,提高公交车通行数量;增加公交车站之间的间距;在公交车站设置电子标识牌,为市民提供电子化出行信息服务,改善公交车站候车空间环境。 [38]纽约地铁地铁纽约地铁(New York City Subway, NYCS)是美国纽约市的快速大众交通系统,是全球最错综复杂,且历史悠久的公共地下铁路系统之一,也是国际地铁联盟(CoMET)的成员,由纽约大都会运输署营运。其第一条线路通车于1904年10月27日,运行于市政府与145街/百老汇交叉口之间。纽约地铁共有472个车站,商业营运路线长度为394千米(245千米),用以营运的轨道长度约为1121千米(约691千米),总铺轨长度达1370千米(850千米)。 [5]纽约地铁虽其名为地铁,但约40%的路轨形式为地面或高架。为了方便乘客购物和换乘,纽约地铁换乘枢纽与公共汽车站、地下通道、地面入口处的百货商店和大型超市整合为一体,乘客从汽车站到地铁站的距离步行不超过五分钟,实现了公交车与地铁之间无缝换乘。 [38]纽新航港局过哈德逊河捷运(Port Authority Trans-Hudson,简称PATH)则是纽约市内另外一条地铁系统,是一条连结曼哈顿到新泽西州的泽西市及霍伯肯的城际地铁,由纽约与新泽西港口事务管理局(Port Authority of New York and New Jersey,简称PANYNJ)营运,系统长度22.2千米(不含轨道重叠的部份)。 [6]斯塔滕岛铁路(英语:Staten Island Railway,简称SIR)是纽约的一条城市轨道交通线路,全程在斯塔滕岛上运行,与纽约地铁并无直接连接,乘客若需前往纽约市的其他地区,必须乘坐斯塔滕岛渡轮或公交车。社会事业播报编辑教育事业哥伦比亚大学纽约市教育资源丰富,有超过120家高等教育机构,如哥伦比亚大学、库伯联盟学院、福特汉姆大学、纽约大学、纽约理工学院等。市民受教育程度高,25岁以上的成年人口中,受高中及以上教育的人数占86.8%,60.7%的人口拥有学士或以上的学位。 [22]纽约学校分公立、私立两类。实行十年义务教育,小学六年、初中三年、高中三年。高等教育有两年制的初级学院和技术学院,四年制的大学本科和二至四年的研究生院。著名高等学府有:哥伦比亚大学、纽约大学、纽约市立大学、福特汉姆大学等。 [39]纽约大学名单英文名称中文译名年制Fordham University [9]福特汉姆大学The Cit Universityof New York [9]纽约市立大学CUNY-BaruchCollege [9]4年制Boroughof Manhattan Community College [9]2年制CUNY-BrooklynCollege [9]4年制CUNY-CityCollege [9]4年制CUNY-Collegeof Staten Island [9]4年制CUNY-HunterCollege [9]4年制JohnJay College of Criminal Justice [9]4年制KingsboroughCommunity College [9]2年制LaGuardiaCommunity College [9]2年制Lehman College [9]Medgar Evers College [9]NewYork City College of Technology [9]4年制CUNY-QueensCollege [9]4年制QueensboroughCommunity College [9]2年制CUNY-YorkCollege [9]4年制纽约大学 [9]哥伦比亚大学 [9]New York Institute of Technology [9]纽约理工学院Long Island University-Brooklyn [9]长岛大学Pace University [9]佩斯大学Polytechnic University [9]科技大学St. John's University [9]圣约翰大学The State University of New York [9]纽约州立大学Downstate Medical Center下州医学中心SUNY-Maritime College [9]纽约州立大学海事学院SUNY-Purchase College [9]纽约州立大学采购学院Yeshiva University [9]叶史瓦大学Barnard College [9]巴纳德学院Berkeley College [9]伯克利学院Boricua CollegeBoricua学院College of Mount St. Vincent [9]圣文森特山学院College of New Rochelle新罗谢尔学院Concordia College [9]协和学院Cooper Union [9]库珀联盟学院DeVry Institute of Technology-New York德锐科技学院 - 纽约Dominican College of Blauvelt多明尼加布劳维尔特学院Fashion Institute of Technology时装技术学院Iona CollegeIona学院Jewish Theological Seminary of America美国犹太神学院Juilliard School [9]茱莉亚音乐学院King\'s College国王学院Laboratory Institute of Merchandising [9]实验室采购研究所Manhattan College [9]曼哈顿学院Manhattan School of Music [9]曼哈顿音乐学院Manhattanville College [9]曼哈顿维尔学院Marymount Manhattan College [9]玛利曼曼哈顿学院Mercy College慈悲学院Metropolitan Collegeof New York [9]纽约大都会学院The New School [9]新学院Parsons School of Design [9]帕森设计学院Mannes College of Music [9]曼尼斯音乐学院(纽约市)New York School of Interior Design [9]纽约室内设计学院Nyack College [9]尼亚克学院Pratt Institute [9]普拉特学院Sarah Lawrence College [9]莎拉劳伦斯学院School of Visual Arts [9]视觉艺术学院St. Francis College [9]圣弗朗西斯学院St. Joseph's College New York-Brooklyn [9]圣若瑟书院纽约布鲁克林St. Thomas Aquinas College圣托马斯阿奎那学院Touro College [9]图罗学院Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology [9]沃恩航空技术学院Wagner College [9]瓦格纳学院(以上图表大学名单资料来源: [9])科技事业纽约“硅巷”2008年,国际金融危机爆发后,纽约市政府和专家们认为,城市的支柱性产业不能再由金融一家独大,需顺应趋势,大力推动科技创新。2010年,纽约市政府在全球率先提出建设“全球科技创新中心”的目标,多措并举,稳步推进实施。2019年,“全球创新城市排行榜”显示,纽约的创新指数已经升至全球第一,被公认为全球技术的领导者。2022年,“国际科技创新中心指数排名”显示,纽约位列全球第二;产业可持续能力位居亚太地区第10名。 [36-37]着力推动重点科技创新领域发展最具有代表性的是纽约曼哈顿的“硅巷”。其位于靠近百老汇和第23街的第五大道的熨斗大厦附近,横跨中城和下城。此处有大量科技创新企业聚集,谷歌、脸书、微软等高技术企业巨头也纷纷在此设立了研发机构和业务中心。“硅巷”的快速崛起,使得其与旧金山硅谷和波士顿一同构成了美国三大科技中心。但是与硅谷有所不同的是,纽约的科技创新产业并不是围绕芯片、半导体等硬件设备展开,而更倾向于通过研发各种信息技术,为新媒体、金融技术、互联网等领域提供先进的解决方案和优化升级,进而实现科技创新与其他产业的深度融合。纽约附近有56所高校,拥有众多世界级的研究机构和顶级科技人才,为纽约的科技创新提供了源头活水,激发了各类企业的创新活力。哥伦比亚大学、纽约大学等知名高校的实验室也不断培育出新的企业,与其他高技术企业一起集聚于此,并持续不断发展,从而形成了以计算机软硬件和生物工程为核心的产业集群。纽约凭借其良好的创新环境,不但稳住了微软、谷歌等世界知名高技术企业,也吸引了众多小型科技企业。随着IMB、英特尔、苹果、台积电等世界芯片龙头企业落户,纽约正在建设成为全球最大的移动互联网芯片基地。 [27]文化传媒纽约时报广场纽约市文化资源丰富,拥有超过2000家艺术和文化机构和五百多家画廊,是全球电视、广告、音乐、报纸和图书出版业中心城市,也是北美最大的媒体市场。 [22]包括时代华纳、美国联合通讯社、新闻集团、纽约时报公司、NBC环球、维亚康姆集团等。美国四大广播公司ABC(美国广播公司),CBS(哥伦比亚广播公司),Fox(福克斯新闻频道)和NBC(美国全国广播公司)都在纽约设立总部,全球前八大广告媒体有七家总部在纽约,全球三大唱片公司中索尼音乐娱乐公司及华纳音乐集团的总部也在纽约。在纽约市,文化产业是唯一能与华尔街的经济效益相比的产业,每年约有上百亿的资金在文化市场中流动。 [29]林肯艺术中心在纽约中心区曼哈顿岛不足60平方公里的土地上,文化地标比比皆是。在时报广场周围的剧场区,41家百老汇剧场簇拥在一起;在第五大道北端“博物馆一英里”,大都会博物馆、古根海姆博物馆以及非洲艺术博物馆等10家博物馆鳞次栉比;在哥伦布广场附近,建有世界最大的艺术表演建筑群林肯表演艺术中心,占地6.6万平方米,世界著名的纽约交响乐团、大都会歌剧院和纽约市立芭蕾舞团均安家于此。此外,现代艺术博物馆、卡内基音乐厅、自然历史博物馆以及外百老汇剧场等星罗棋布地散落在包括曼哈顿在内的纽约市各个角落。漫步在纽约的各个街区,不经意间便会看到散发着浓浓文化气息的雕塑、故居、广场等。百老汇演出是美国文化的重要标志,也是纽约文化产业的最典型代表。历经百年历程的百老汇演出,其成功的决定性因素依然是美国有识之士和艺术家对百老汇演出形式音乐剧和话剧的热爱和激情以及这种热爱和激情激发的创造力和想象力。 [30]医疗事业纽约医疗条件总体水平极高,设施完善,提供医疗的机构主要有医院、医生诊所、护理院、康复中心、独立的诊疗中心和独立的药房等。大型医院配备有先进的医疗检测设备和手术室,主要是为急诊病人和重大疑难病人提供医疗服务。普通病人看病通常到社区的医生诊所。社区医生诊所具有规模小、数量多、分布广、就医方便等特点,通常提供全身体检、病程随访、家庭保健、普通内科、儿科、妇产科、矫形外科、眼科等基本医疗服务。纽约药品分为处方药(prescription drugs)和非处方药(non-prescription)。购买“处方药物”必须凭医生开的“处方”(prescription),“处方药物”必须由在该“药房”任职的有执照药剂师售出。有些超级市场和折扣商店内也设有药房,可以在那里购买不需医生开处方的非处方药(non-prescription),如阿司匹林或普通的感冒药。总体而言,常用药品在当地均可买到。纽约医疗保险机构对医院的制约度很大。由于住院费用昂贵,保险公司为控制医疗费用,尽量降低病人住院天数,要求病人在急性病医院(Acute Hospital or Short-term Hospital)住院5-7天后(进入恢复期),即转到费用相对低廉的护理院(SNFs, Skilled Nursing Facilities)或家庭护理中心(Family Care Center),或者直接到社区医生诊所随诊。有突发情况,一般会选择去急救中心(Emergency Center)就医。 [40]体育事业纽约市拥有大量四季皆宜的娱乐健身场所。有公园、操场、高尔夫球场、河边休闲小道、室内体育竞技场和日常会员俱乐部。活动包括皮艇、钓鱼、游泳、体操、攀岩、骑马、溜冰、骑自行车等等。还有大量机会去看专业网球、曲棍球、篮球、橄榄球和棒球比赛。也可以观看洋基队的大牌明星 Derek Jeter 和 CCSabathia等人在纽约著名的棒球场进行比赛(在2009年全新的洋基棒球场开放之前)。球队英文队名中文译名所属联盟主场成立年冠军次数New York Yankees纽约洋基MLB棒球洋基体育场190126New York Mets纽约大都会MLB棒球花旗球场19622New York Rangers纽约游骑兵NHL冰上曲棍球麦迪逊广场花园19264New York Islanders纽约岛人NHL冰上曲棍球拿索体育馆19724New York Giants纽约巨人NFL美式足球大都会人寿保险体育场19256New York Jets纽约喷气机NFL美式足球大都会人寿保险体育场19601New York Knicks纽约尼克斯队NBA篮球麦迪逊广场花园19462Brooklyn Nets布鲁克林篮网NBA篮球巴克莱中心19462New York Liberty纽约自由人队WNBA篮球麦迪逊广场花园19970New York Red Bulls纽约红牛队MLS足球大都会人寿保险体育场19950New York Dragons纽约龙AFLArena FootballNassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum19950Long Island Lizards长岛蜥蜴MLL长曲棍球Mitchel Field20012New York Titans纽约泰坦MLL长曲棍球Madison Square Garden20060New York Athletic Club纽约体育俱乐部Rugby Super LeagueTravers Island19731Old Blue旧蓝色Rugby Super LeaguePier 4019640New York Knights纽约骑士队AMNRL 联盟式橄榄球(Rugby League)Falls Township Community Park19971Northern RaidersAMNRL 联盟式橄榄球(Rugby League)Andrews Field20020Brooklyn Wonders布鲁克林奇迹ABA篮球 KingsboroughCommunity College20060Staten Island Yankees斯坦登岛洋基棒球Minor league baseball (A)Richmond County Bank Ballpark19993Brooklyn Cyclones布鲁克林旋风Minor league baseball (A)KeySpan Park19991Brooklyn Knights布鲁克林骑士USL PDL (Minor league soccer)Aviator Field19940社会保障纽约的社会福利分为社会保险和非社会保险两种。属于社会保险福利项目的有:老残保险、失业保险和其他就业保险;属于非社会保险福利项目的有:对抚养儿童困难家庭的补助、社会保障收入、食品券、医疗补助、住房补助和能源补助。纽约的医疗保障体系主要由联邦医疗保险和政府医疗补助两部分组成。 [39]纽约的社会保障体系主要有两大部分组成,分别是OASDI(老年人、生还者和残疾人保险)和SSI(补充保障收入计划)。OASDI是指每月为那些收入减少或无收入的退休职工、生还者、残疾人及其他们的家庭提供的保障。职工(老年人)的退休保险或残疾保障费均由其在职时的收入水平决定。SSI是指每月为65岁及以上的老年人,各年龄层的盲人和伤残人(包括儿童)提供的现金资助。纽约的医疗保险制度由社会医疗保险和私人医疗保险构成。由于在纽约看病费用昂贵,如不购买保险,个人将难以承担巨额医疗费用,因此不少人同时参加社会医疗保险和私人医疗保险。 [40]历史文化播报编辑地名由来纽约虽然一般写作“New York City”,但“City of New York”才是官方名称。纽约(New York)意为“新约克郡”—英荷战争结束后,荷兰战败被迫将新阿姆斯特丹割让给英国,当时正好是英王查理二世的弟弟,约克公爵的生日,于是将新阿姆斯特丹改名为新约克郡,作为送给约克公爵的礼物。另外由于在二十世纪初,纽约对外来移民来说是个崭新天地,机会到处都是。因此纽约常被昵称为“大苹果”(the Big Apple),便是取“好看、好吃,人人都想咬一口”之意。纽约市有官方拉丁语名称Novum Eboracum用于市徽上,意为“新艾伯拉肯”。其中艾伯拉肯就是前述约克在罗马帝国时期的拉丁语旧名。 [4]著名人物播报编辑纽约名人斯嘉丽·约翰逊伍迪·艾伦西尔维斯特·史泰龙迈克尔·乔丹安妮·海瑟薇汤姆·克鲁斯小罗伯特·唐尼帕丽斯·希尔顿艾玛·罗伯茨卡梅隆·安东尼胡宇威林赛·罗韩史蒂芬妮·乔安妮·安吉丽娜·杰尔马诺塔(Lady Gaga)特色饮食播报编辑纽约的饮食文化受到许多外来移民的影响,因此非常多元,东欧和意大利的移民带来了纽约市最负盛名的贝果、奶酪蛋糕和纽约式披萨。市内约有4000个领有执照的小吃摊贩,许多都是由外来移民经营,因此街上可看到许多中东食物,如炸豆丸子和羊肉串,但是热狗和椒盐卷饼仍然是主流摊贩小吃。除了摊贩外,纽约市也是高级餐厅的聚集地。纽约市常见的异国饮食有意大利、法国、西班牙、俄罗斯、英国、希腊、摩洛哥、中国、巴西和日本等国料理。纽约市有超过18000家餐馆,可以尝遍阿富汗、埃塞俄比亚、牙买加等国风味食品。纽约拥有美国最大的犹太人社区,是全美犹太人最多的城市,中餐成纽约犹太人日常饮食一部分。纽约市立大学李文教授与康乃迪克大学塔克曼教授研究指出,纽约犹太人族群中,来自东欧的犹太人早已将中国菜内化成第二饮食。原因之一是宗教戒律。犹太人必须严格遵守食材与烹煮律法,其中不得将奶制品与肉类同煮这一点,经常让在19世纪初期大量移居到纽约的犹太人困扰,因为很难找到能够依律法烹煮食物的异国菜餐厅。随后犹太人发现,中国菜几乎不会将奶制品与肉类同锅,被犹太人称为“安全非犹太食物”,成为外食首选。犹太人喜欢鸡肉料理,中菜有不少的鸡肉佳肴。东欧犹太人喜欢的葱、大蒜与洋葱调味,也与中菜接近。美国的中国菜为了迎合美国人的口味,发展出特殊甜腻糖醋口味,刚好与东欧犹太人喜爱的糖醋口味接近。 [41]风景名胜播报编辑在纽约市,不管是传统地标还是你所到的任何一个鲜为人知的小地方,都能看到不可错失的景点。从大名鼎鼎的自由女神像、华尔街、百老汇,再到精致小巧的各类博物馆、艺术馆,都从不同角度向你展示着一个繁华、深沉的纽约城。纽约旅游景点名单英文名称中文译名Broadway百老汇The Bronx Zoo布朗克斯动物园Brooklyn Bridge布鲁克林大桥 [10]Metropolitan Museum of Art大都会艺术博物馆Grand Central Terminal大中央车站The Empire State Building帝国大厦 [10]Fifth Avenue第五大道Flushing, Queens皇后区法拉盛Columbia University哥伦比亚大学Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum古根海姆美术馆Wall Street华尔街Carnegie Hall卡内基音乐厅United Nations headquarters联合国总部大楼Lincoln Center林肯中心East Village曼哈顿东村Greenwich Village曼哈顿格林威治村Harlem in North Manhattan曼哈顿哈林区SOHO曼哈顿苏荷区Upper East Side曼哈顿上东城Upper West Side曼哈顿上西城Chinatown曼哈顿华埠American Museum of Natural History美国自然历史博物馆New York University Area纽约大学区Washington Square Park华盛顿广场公园The New York Public Library纽约公共图书馆World Trade Center纽约世界贸易中心New York Stock Exchange纽约证券交易所 [11]New York Botanical Garden纽约植物园George Washington Bridge乔治·华盛顿大桥Times Square纽约时报广场 [10]Madison Square Garden (MSG)麦迪逊广场花园The Staten Island Ferry斯泰滕岛渡轮Museum of Modern Art – MoMA现代艺术博物馆Central Park中央公园 [10]The Statue of Liberty自由女神像 [10]New York Rockefeller Center纽约洛克菲勒中心对外交流播报编辑国际组织联合国总部纽约是世界政治、经济中心,是联合国总部所在地。友好城市姐妹城市国家城市建交年份日本(Japan)东京(Tokyo)1960年中华人民共和国(China)北京(Beijing)1980年埃及(Egypt)开罗(Cairo)1982年西班牙(Spain)马德里(Madrid)1982年多米尼加(Dominican)圣多明各(santo domingo)1983年匈牙利(Hungary)布达佩斯(Budapest)1992年意大利(Italy)罗马(Rome)1992年以色列(Israel)耶路撒冷(Jerusalem)1993年英国(England)伦敦(London)2001年南非(South Africa)约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)2003年友好城区城区名称所属城市所属国家结好城区结好日期建邺区南京市中国皇后区2010年5月4日 [12]城市荣誉播报编辑时间荣誉2018年11月纽约被GaWC评为Alpha++级世界一线城市。 [1-2]2018年12月纽约获得第四届广州国际城市创新奖。 [13]2019年9月纽约在2019世界旅游城市发展排行榜中名列第一。 [14]2019年11月12日纽约位列“2019年全球城市经济竞争力20强”第一位。 [15]2019年全球可持续竞争力二十强,纽约排名第三。 [16]2019年12月26日纽约位列2019年全球城市500强榜单第一名。 [17]2021年9月纽约都市区在中关村论坛发布的自然指数-科研城市2021中位列第二名。 [18]2021年9月第30期全球金融中心指数(GFCI)公布,纽约位居榜首。 [19]2022年3月24日纽约位居第31期“全球金融中心指数”第一名。 [21]2022年12月28日纽约位居“2022年全球著名电竞城市”第二位。 [32]2023年4月纽约入选世界十大最富城市榜单,排名第一。 [35]2023年6月纽约被列为2023年领先型全球消费中心城市。 [42]新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000

New York City - Wikipedia

New York City - Wikipedia

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(Top)

1Etymology

2History

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2.1Early history

2.2Dutch rule

2.3English rule

2.4American Revolution

2.5Post-revolutionary period and early 19th century

2.6American Civil War

2.7Late 19th and early 20th century

2.8Late 20th and early 21st centuries

3Geography

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3.1Boroughs

3.2Climate

3.3Parks

3.4Environment

4Demographics

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4.1Race and ethnicity

4.2LGBT culture

4.3Religion

4.4Education

4.5Health

4.6Public safety

5Economy

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5.1Wall Street

5.2Tech and biotech

5.3Real estate

5.4Tourism

5.5Media and entertainment

6Culture

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6.1Theater

6.2Accent and dialect

6.3Architecture

6.4Arts

6.5Cuisine

6.6Fashion

6.7Parades

6.8Sports

7Transportation

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7.1Rapid transit

7.1.1Buses

7.1.2Rail

7.2Air

7.3Ferries, taxis and trams

7.4Cycling network

7.5Streets and highways

8Government and politics

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8.1Government

8.2Politics

8.3International relations

9People

10See also

11Notes

12References

13Further reading

14External links

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New York City

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Coordinates: 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W / 40.71278°N 74.00611°W / 40.71278; -74.00611

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Most populous city in the United States

"NYC" and "New York, New York" redirect here. For other uses, see New York City (disambiguation); NYC (disambiguation); and New York, New York (disambiguation).

City in the United StatesNew YorkCityMidtown Manhattan with the Empire State Building and Lower Manhattan with One WTCUN headquartersStatue of LibertyTimes SquareUnisphereCentral ParkBrooklyn BridgeVerrazzano BridgeBronx Zoo

FlagSealWordmarkNicknames: The Big Apple, The City That Never Sleeps, Gotham,[1] and othersShow New York CityShow New YorkShow the United StatesCoordinates: 40°42′46″N 74°00′22″W / 40.71278°N 74.00611°W / 40.71278; -74.00611[2]Country United StatesState New YorkConstituent counties (boroughs)Bronx (The Bronx)Kings (Brooklyn)New York (Manhattan)Queens (Queens)Richmond (Staten Island)Settled1624 (400 years ago) (1624)Consolidated1898 (126 years ago) (1898)Named forJames, Duke of YorkGovernment • TypeStrong mayor–council • BodyNew York City Council • MayorEric Adams (D)Area[3] • Total472.43 sq mi (1,223.59 km2) • Land300.46 sq mi (778.18 km2) • Water171.97 sq mi (445.41 km2)Highest elevation[a]401 ft (122 m)Lowest elevation0 ft (0 m)Population (2020)[4] • Total8,804,190 • Estimate (July 2022)[4]8,335,897 • Rank1st in the United States1st in New York State • Density29,302.66/sq mi (11,313.81/km2) • Urban[5]19,426,449 • Urban density5,980.8/sq mi (2,309.2/km2) • Metro[6]20,140,470DemonymNew YorkerGDP[7][8] • Total$1.21 trillion (2022) • Metro$2.16 trillion (2022) (1st)Time zoneUTC–05:00 (EST) • Summer (DST)UTC–04:00 (EDT)ZIP Codes100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xxArea codes212/646/332, 718/347/929, 917FIPS code36-51000GNIS feature ID975772Websitenyc.gov

New York, often called New York City[b] or simply NYC, is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county. It is a global city and a cultural, financial,[10] high-tech,[11] entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care, scientific output, life sciences,[12][13] research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy,[14][15] and is sometimes described as the world's most important city[16] and the capital of the world.[17][18]

With an estimated population in 2022 of 8,335,897 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2),[4] the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city.[19] New York is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With more than 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area[20] and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous megacities.[21] The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,[22] making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S.,[19] the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world.[23]

New York City traces its origins to Fort Amsterdam and a trading post founded on the southern tip of Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists in approximately 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King Charles II granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York.[24] The city was temporarily regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange; however, the city has been named New York since November 1674. New York City was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790.[25] The modern city was formed by the 1898 consolidation of its five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island, and has been the largest U.S. city ever since.

Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and fintech center[26][27] and the most economically powerful city in the world.[28] As of 2022[update], the New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world with a gross metropolitan product of over US$2.16 trillion.[7][8] If the New York metropolitan area were its own country, it would have the tenth-largest economy in the world. The city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies: the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. New York City is an established safe haven for global investors.[29] As of 2023[update], New York City is the most expensive city in the world for expatriates to live.[30] New York City is home to the highest number of billionaires, individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$30 million),[31] and millionaires of any city in the world.[32]

Etymology

See also: Nicknames of New York City

In 1664, New York was named in honor of the Duke of York (later King James II of England).[33] James's elder brother, King Charles II, appointed the Duke as proprietor of the former territory of New Netherland, including the city of New Amsterdam, when the Kingdom of England seized it from Dutch control.[34]

History

Main articles: History of New York City and Timeline of New York City

Further information: History of Manhattan, Timeline of Brooklyn, Timeline of Queens, Timeline of the Bronx, and Timeline of Staten Island

Early history

Main article: History of New York City (prehistory–1664)

In the pre-Columbian era, the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by Algonquians, including the Lenape. Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included the present-day areas of Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of Long Island (including Brooklyn and Queens), and the Lower Hudson Valley.[35]

The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, an explorer from Florence in the service of the French crown.[36] He claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angoulême).[37] A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain Estêvão Gomes sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Río de San Antonio ('Saint Anthony's River').[38]

In 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for the Dutch East India Company.[39] He proceeded to sail up what the Dutch called North River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange. Hudson's first mate described the harbor as "a very good Harbour for all windes" and the river as "a mile broad" and "full of fish".[40]

Hudson claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland ('New Netherland'). The first non–Native American inhabitant of what became New York City was Juan Rodriguez, a merchant from Santo Domingo who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch colonists.[41][42]

Dutch rule

Main articles: New Amsterdam, Fort Amsterdam, and New Netherland

The Castello Plan, a 1660 map of New Amsterdam in Lower ManhattanNew Amsterdam, centered in what eventually became Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it New York

A permanent European presence near New York Harbor was established in 1624, making New York the 12th-oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States, with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and Fort Amsterdam, later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island.[43][44]

The colony of New Amsterdam was centered on what became Lower Manhattan. Its area extended from the southern tip of Manhattan to modern-day Wall Street, where a 12-foot (3.7 m) wooden stockade was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and English raids.[45] In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit, acting as charged by the Dutch West India Company, purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie, a small Lenape band,[46] for "the value of 60 guilders"[47] (about $900 in 2018).[48] A frequently told but disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.[49][50]

Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly.[24] To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen (patroons, or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded swaths of land, along with local political autonomy and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.[51]

Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on authority granted by the Dutch States General. In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies).[24][52]

In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as the last Director-General of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000.[53][54] Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order in the colony; however, he earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed Church, and blocked other religious groups (including Quakers, Jews, and Lutherans) from establishing houses of worship.[55] The Dutch West India Company attempted to ease tensions between Stuyvesant and residents of New Amsterdam.[56]

English rule

Main articles: Province of New York and History of New York City (1665–1783)

The Fall of New Amsterdam by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, part of the Conquest of New NetherlandFort George and New York with British Navy ships of the line c. 1731

In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicolls, without bloodshed.[55][56] The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom.[57]

In 1667, during negotiations leading to the Treaty of Breda after the Second Anglo-Dutch War, the victorious Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of what is now Suriname on the northern South American coast, which they had gained from the English;[58] and in return, the English kept New Amsterdam. The fledgling settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after the Duke of York (the future King James II and VII).[59] After the founding, the duke gave part of the colony to proprietors George Carteret and John Berkeley. Fort Orange, 150 miles (240 km) north on the Hudson River, was renamed Albany after James's Scottish title.[60]

On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War, Anthony Colve of the Dutch navy seized New York from the English at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William III, the Prince of Orange.[61] The Dutch soon returned the island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674.[62][63]

Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.[64] By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.[65] New York experienced several yellow fever epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population in 1702 alone.[66][67]

In the early 18th century, New York grew in importance as a trading port while as a part of the colony of New York.[68] It became a center of slavery, with 42% of households enslaving Africans by 1730.[69] Most cases were that of domestic slavery; others were hired out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banking and shipping industries trading with the American South. During construction in Foley Square in the 1990s, the African Burying Ground was discovered; the cemetery included 10,000 to 20,000 of graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free.[70]

The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger, who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby, helped to establish freedom of the press in North America.[71] In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.[72]

American Revolution

Further information: American Revolution

The Battle of Long Island, one of the largest battles of the American Revolutionary War, which took place in Brooklyn on August 27, 1776

The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765, as the Sons of Liberty organization emerged in the city and skirmished over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.[73] The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn.[74] A British rout of the Continental Army at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 eliminated the last American stronghold in Manhattan, causing George Washington and his forces to retreat across the Hudson River to New Jersey, pursued by British forces.[75][76]

After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America.[77] The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown, with as many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, which had become the largest such community on the continent.[78][79] When the British forces evacuated New York at the close of the war in 1783, they transported thousands of freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia, England, and the Caribbean.[80]

The attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776.[81] Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on the West Side of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed nearly 500 buildings, about a quarter of the structures in the city, including Trinity Church.[82][83]

Post-revolutionary period and early 19th century

Main article: History of New York City (1784–1854)

A portrait of the first inauguration of George Washington in 1789

In January 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York City the national capital, shortly after the war.[84] New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States.[85] As the U.S. capital, New York City hosted several events of national scope in 1789; the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated; the first United States Congress and the Supreme Court of the United States each assembled for the first time; and the United States Bill of Rights was drafted, all at Federal Hall on present-day Wall Street.[85]

In 1790, for the first time, New York City surpassed Philadelphia as the nation's largest city. At the end of 1790, the national capital was moved to Philadelphia.[86][87]

During the 19th century, New York City's population grew from 60,000 to 3.43 million.[88] Under New York State's gradual emancipation act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties.[89][90] Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-Black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate Black children.[91] It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state.[92] Free Blacks struggled afterward with discrimination and interracial abolitionist activism continued. New York City's population jumped from 123,706 in 1820 (10,886 of whom were Black and of which 518 were enslaved) to 312,710 by 1840 (16,358 of whom were Black).[93]

Broadway, which follows the Native American Wecquaesgeek Trail through Manhattan, in 1840[94]

Also in the 19th century, the city was transformed by both commercial and residential development relating to its status as a national and international trading center, as well as by European immigration, respectively.[95] The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes.[96] Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants.[97]

Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.[98]

The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, representing upward of one-quarter of the city's population.[99] There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.[100][101]

American Civil War

Main articles: New York City in the American Civil War and History of New York City (1855–1897)

Depiction of lynching during the New York City draft riots in 1863

Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on.[91] Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class.[91]

The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on Black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and Black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, with more than 200 children escaping harm due to efforts of the New York Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants.[100]

At least 120 people were killed.[102] Eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of Blacks to flee. The Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. The White working class had established dominance.[100][102] Violence by longshoremen against Black men was especially fierce in the docks area.[100] It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.[103]

Late 19th and early 20th century

Main articles: History of New York City (1898–1945) and History of New York City (1946–1977)

Manhattan's Little Italy in the Lower East Side, c. 1900

In 1886, the Statue of Liberty, a gift from France, was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they came to the U.S. via Ellis Island by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace.[104][105]

In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.[106] The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together.[107] Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.[108]

In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board.[109] In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.[110]

A construction worker atop the Empire State Building during its construction in 1930. The Chrysler Building is visible behind him.

New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890.[111] New York City was a prime destination in the early 20th century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had become home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America.[112] The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition.[113] The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height.[citation needed]

New York City became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history.[114] The Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.[115]

Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.[116]

Late 20th and early 21st centuries

Main articles: History of New York City (1978–present) and September 11 attacks

Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, the site of the June 1969 Stonewall riots and the cradle of the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.[117][118][119]

In 1969, the Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.[120] They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement[117][121][122][123] and the modern fight for LGBT rights.[124][125] Wayne R. Dynes, author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, wrote that drag queens were the only "transgender folks around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. The transgender community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for LGBT equality during the period of the Stonewall riots and thereafter.[126]

October 1975 New York Daily News front page on President Ford's refusal to help the city avert bankruptcy

In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.[127] Growing fiscal deficits in 1975 led the city to appeal to the federal government for financial aid; President Gerald Ford gave a speech denying the request, which was paraphrased on the front page of the next day's issue of the New York Daily News as "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD".[128] The Municipal Assistance Corporation was formed and granted oversight authority over the city's finances.[129] While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.[130]

By the mid-1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America.[citation needed] New York City's population exceeded 8 million for the first time in the 2000 United States census, breaking the previous peak census population set in the 1970 census;[131] further records were set in 2010, and 2020 U.S. censuses.[132] Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy.[133]

The World Trade Center, in Lower Manhattan, during the September 11 attacks in 2001

The advent of Y2K was celebrated with fanfare in Times Square.[134] New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks.[135] Two of the four airliners hijacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of both buildings and the deaths of 2,753 people, including 343 first responders from the New York City Fire Department and 71 law enforcement officers.[136] The North Tower became, and remains, the tallest building to ever be destroyed.[citation needed]

The area was rebuilt with a new World Trade Center, the National September 11 Memorial and Museum, and other new buildings and infrastructure,[137] including the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, the city's third-largest hub.[138] The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere[139] and the seventh-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m), a reference to the year of U.S. independence.[140][141][142]

The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.[143]

New York City was heavily affected by Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012. Sandy's impacts included flooding that led to the days-long shutdown of the subway system[144] and flooding of all East River subway tunnels and of all road tunnels entering Manhattan except the Lincoln Tunnel.[145] The New York Stock Exchange closed for two consecutive days due to weather for the first time since the Great Blizzard of 1888.[146] At least 43 people died in New York City as a result of Sandy, and the economic losses in New York City were estimated to be roughly $19 billion.[147] The disaster spawned long-term efforts towards infrastructural projects to counter climate change and rising seas, with $15 billion in federal funding received through 2022 towards those resiliency efforts.[148][149]

In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the city was confirmed in Manhattan.[150] With its great population density and its exposure to global travelers, the city rapidly replaced Wuhan, China, to become the global epicenter of the pandemic during the early phase, straining the city's healthcare infrastructure.[151][152] Through March 2023, New York City had recorded more than 80,000 deaths from COVID-19-related complications.[153]

Geography

Main articles: Geography of New York City and Geography of New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary

Aerial view of the New York City metropolitan area with Manhattan at its center

New York City is situated in the northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. Its location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of the city is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.

During the Wisconsin glaciation, 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet.[154] The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. That action left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers.[155]

The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary.[156] The Hudson River separates the city from the New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely freshwater river in the city.[157][importance?]

The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.[158] Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.[159]

The city's total area is 468.484 square miles (1,213.37 km2). 302.643 sq mi (783.84 km2) of the city is land and 165.841 sq mi (429.53 km2) of is water.[160][161] The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the eastern seaboard south of Maine.[162] The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.[163]

Boroughs

Main articles: Boroughs of New York City and Neighborhoods in New York City

  1. Manhattan  2. Brooklyn  3. Queens  4. The Bronx  5. Staten Island

New York City is sometimes referred to collectively as the Five Boroughs.[164] Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State, making New York City one of the U.S. municipalities in multiple counties.

Manhattan (New York County) is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough. It is home to Central Park and most of the city's skyscrapers, and is sometimes locally known as The City.[165] Manhattan's population density of 70,450.8 inhabitants per square mile (27,201.2/km2) in 2022 makes it the highest of any county in the United States and higher than the density of any individual American city.[166] Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and financial center of New York City and contains the headquarters of many major multinational corporations, the United Nations headquarters, Wall Street, and a number of important universities. The borough is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world.[167][168]

Brooklyn (Kings County), on the western tip of Long Island, is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods, and a distinctive architectural heritage. Downtown Brooklyn is the largest central core neighborhood in the Outer Boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including Coney Island, established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the U.S.[169] Marine Park and Prospect Park are the two largest parks in Brooklyn.[170] Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of entrepreneurship and high technology startup firms,[171][172] and of postmodern art and design.[172][173] Brooklyn is also home to Fort Hamilton, the U.S. military's only active duty installation within New York City,[174] aside from Coast Guard operations. The facility was established in 1825 on the site of a battery used during the American Revolution, and it is one of America's longest-serving military forts.[175]

Queens (Queens County), on Long Island north and east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough, the most ethnically diverse county in the United States,[176] and the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.[177][178] Queens is the site of the Citi Field, home of the New York Mets, and hosts the annual U.S. Open tennis tournament at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, with plans to build a soccer-specific stadium to be built for New York City FC.[179] Additionally, two of the three busiest airports serving the New York metropolitan area, John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport, are in Queens.[180]

The Bronx (Bronx County) is both New York City's northernmost borough and the only one that is mostly on the U.S. mainland. It is the location of Yankee Stadium, the baseball park of the New York Yankees, and home to the largest cooperatively-owned housing complex in the United States, Co-op City.[181] It is home to the Bronx Zoo, the world's largest metropolitan zoo,[182] which spans 265 acres (1.07 km2) and houses more than 6,000 animals.[183] The Bronx is the birthplace of hip hop music and its associated culture.[184] Pelham Bay Park is the largest park in New York City, at 2,772 acres (1,122 ha).[185]

Staten Island (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. It is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, and to Manhattan by way of the free Staten Island Ferry. In central Staten Island, the Staten Island Greenbelt spans approximately 2,500 acres (10 km2), including 28 miles (45 km) of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.[186] Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks.

Climate

Main article: Climate of New York City

New York

Climate chart (explanation)

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

 

 

3.6

 

 

40

28

 

 

3.2

 

 

42

30

 

 

4.3

 

 

50

36

 

 

4.1

 

 

62

46

 

 

4

 

 

71

55

 

 

4.5

 

 

80

64

 

 

4.6

 

 

85

70

 

 

4.6

 

 

83

69

 

 

4.3

 

 

76

62

 

 

4.4

 

 

65

51

 

 

3.6

 

 

54

42

 

 

4.4

 

 

44

34

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

█ Precipitation totals in inchesSource: "New York City Weatherbox NOAA"

Metric conversion

J

F

M

A

M

J

J

A

S

O

N

D

 

 

92

 

 

4

−2

 

 

81

 

 

6

−1

 

 

109

 

 

10

2

 

 

104

 

 

17

8

 

 

101

 

 

22

13

 

 

115

 

 

27

18

 

 

117

 

 

29

21

 

 

116

 

 

29

21

 

 

109

 

 

25

17

 

 

111

 

 

18

11

 

 

91

 

 

12

6

 

 

111

 

 

7

1

█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

█ Precipitation totals in mm

Under the Köppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), and is the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west are in the transitional zone between humid subtropical and humid continental climates (Dfa).[187][188] The city receives an average of 49.5 inches (1,260 mm) of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. New York averages over 2,500 hours of sunshine annually.[189]

Winters are chilly and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow sea breezes offshore temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the Appalachian Mountains keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes.[190] The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is 33.3 °F (0.7 °C).[191] Temperatures usually drop to 10 °F (−12 °C) several times per winter,[192] yet can also reach 60 °F (16 °C) for several days even in the coldest winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from cool to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of 77.5 °F (25.3 °C) in July.[191]

Nighttime temperatures are 9.5 °F (5.3 °C) degrees higher for the average city resident due to the urban heat island effect, caused by paved streets and tall buildings.[193] Daytime temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed 100 °F (38 °C), although this is a rare occurrence, last noted on July 18, 2012.[194][195][196][197] Similarly, readings of 0 °F (−18 °C) are extremely rare, last occurring on February 14, 2016.[198] Extreme temperatures have ranged from 106 °F (41 °C), recorded on July 9, 1936, down to −15 °F (−26 °C) on February 9, 1934;[191] the coldest recorded wind chill was −37 °F (−38 °C) on the same day as the all-time record low.[199] Average winter snowfall between 1991 and 2020 was 29.8 inches (76 cm); this varies considerably between years. The record cold daily maximum was 2 °F (−17 °C) on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum was 87 °F (31 °C), on July 2, 1903.[194] The average water temperature of the nearby Atlantic Ocean ranges from 39.7 °F (4.3 °C) in February to 74.1 °F (23.4 °C) in August.[200]

Hurricanes and tropical storms are rare in the New York area.[201] Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs.[202] The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing seawalls and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.[148]

vteClimate data for New York (Belvedere Castle, Central Park), 1991–2020 normals,[c] extremes 1869–present[d]

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Record high °F (°C)

72(22)

78(26)

86(30)

96(36)

99(37)

101(38)

106(41)

104(40)

102(39)

94(34)

84(29)

75(24)

106(41)

Mean maximum °F (°C)

60.4(15.8)

60.7(15.9)

70.3(21.3)

82.9(28.3)

88.5(31.4)

92.1(33.4)

95.7(35.4)

93.4(34.1)

89.0(31.7)

79.7(26.5)

70.7(21.5)

62.9(17.2)

97.0(36.1)

Mean daily maximum °F (°C)

39.5(4.2)

42.2(5.7)

49.9(9.9)

61.8(16.6)

71.4(21.9)

79.7(26.5)

84.9(29.4)

83.3(28.5)

76.2(24.6)

64.5(18.1)

54.0(12.2)

44.3(6.8)

62.6(17.0)

Daily mean °F (°C)

33.7(0.9)

35.9(2.2)

42.8(6.0)

53.7(12.1)

63.2(17.3)

72.0(22.2)

77.5(25.3)

76.1(24.5)

69.2(20.7)

57.9(14.4)

48.0(8.9)

39.1(3.9)

55.8(13.2)

Mean daily minimum °F (°C)

27.9(−2.3)

29.5(−1.4)

35.8(2.1)

45.5(7.5)

55.0(12.8)

64.4(18.0)

70.1(21.2)

68.9(20.5)

62.3(16.8)

51.4(10.8)

42.0(5.6)

33.8(1.0)

48.9(9.4)

Mean minimum °F (°C)

9.8(−12.3)

12.7(−10.7)

19.7(−6.8)

32.8(0.4)

43.9(6.6)

52.7(11.5)

61.8(16.6)

60.3(15.7)

50.2(10.1)

38.4(3.6)

27.7(−2.4)

18.0(−7.8)

7.7(−13.5)

Record low °F (°C)

−6(−21)

−15(−26)

3(−16)

12(−11)

32(0)

44(7)

52(11)

50(10)

39(4)

28(−2)

5(−15)

−13(−25)

−15(−26)

Average precipitation inches (mm)

3.64(92)

3.19(81)

4.29(109)

4.09(104)

3.96(101)

4.54(115)

4.60(117)

4.56(116)

4.31(109)

4.38(111)

3.58(91)

4.38(111)

49.52(1,258)

Average snowfall inches (cm)

8.8(22)

10.1(26)

5.0(13)

0.4(1.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.1(0.25)

0.5(1.3)

4.9(12)

29.8(76)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)

10.8

10.0

11.1

11.4

11.5

11.2

10.5

10.0

8.8

9.5

9.2

11.4

125.4

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)

3.7

3.2

2.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

2.1

11.4

Average relative humidity (%)

61.5

60.2

58.5

55.3

62.7

65.2

64.2

66.0

67.8

65.6

64.6

64.1

63.0

Average dew point °F (°C)

18.0(−7.8)

19.0(−7.2)

25.9(−3.4)

34.0(1.1)

47.3(8.5)

57.4(14.1)

61.9(16.6)

62.1(16.7)

55.6(13.1)

44.1(6.7)

34.0(1.1)

24.6(−4.1)

40.3(4.6)

Mean monthly sunshine hours

162.7

163.1

212.5

225.6

256.6

257.3

268.2

268.2

219.3

211.2

151.0

139.0

2,534.7

Percent possible sunshine

54

55

57

57

57

57

59

63

59

61

51

48

57

Average ultraviolet index

2

3

4

6

7

8

8

8

6

4

2

1

5

Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990; dew point 1965–1984)[194][195][196]

Source 2: Weather Atlas[197]

See Climate of New York City for additional climate information from the outer boroughs.

Parks

Main articles: New York City Department of Parks and Recreation and List of New York City parks

The Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, a global symbol of the United States and its ideals of liberty, freedom, and opportunity[104]

The Pond and Midtown Manhattan as seen from Gapstow Bridge in Central Park

The city of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the National Park Service, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, and the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. In its 2023 ParkScore ranking, the Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the tenth-best park system among the most populous U.S. cities, citing the city's park acreage, investment in parks and that 99% of residents are within 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) of a park.[204]

Gateway National Recreation Area contains over 26,000 acres (110 km2), most of it in New York City.[205] In Brooklyn and Queens, the park contains over 9,000 acres (36 km2) of salt marsh, wetlands, islands, and water, including most of Jamaica Bay and the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western Rockaway Peninsula, most notably Jacob Riis Park and Fort Tilden.[206] In Staten Island, it includes Fort Wadsworth, with historic pre-Civil War era Battery Weed and Fort Tompkins, and Great Kills Park.[207]

The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Stonewall National Monument; Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial (Grant's Tomb); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark.

There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City. They include: the Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area that includes extensive riding trails; the Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (11 ha) facility;[208] and the Marsha P. Johnson State Park, a state park in Brooklyn and Manhattan that borders the East River renamed in honor of Marsha P. Johnson.[209]

New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches.[210] The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park in the Bronx, with 2,772 acres (1,122 ha),[185][211] and the most visited urban park is the Central Park, and one of the most filmed and visited locations in the world, with 42 million visitors in 2023.[212]

Environment

Main article: Environmental issues in New York City

The Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility is the largest commingled recycling facility in the United States.[213][214]

Environmental issues in New York City are affected by the city's size, density, abundant public transportation infrastructure, and its location at the mouth of the Hudson River. For example, it is one of the country's biggest sources of pollution and has the lowest per-capita greenhouse gas emissions rate and electricity usage. Governors Island is planned to host a US$1 billion research and education center to make New York City the global leader in addressing the climate crisis.[215]

As an oceanic port city, New York City is vulnerable to long-term manifestations of global warming like sea level rise exacerbated by land subsidence.[216] Climate change has spawned the development of a significant climate resiliency and environmental sustainability economy in the city. New York City has focused on reducing its environmental impact and carbon footprint.[217] Mass transit use is the highest in the United States.

New York's high rate of public transit use, more than 610,000 daily cycling trips as of 2022[update],[218] and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States.[219] Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally, the rate for metro regions is about 8%.[220] In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States,[221][222][223] and in 2018, Stacker ranked New York the most walkable U.S. city.[224] Citibank sponsored public bicycles for the city's bike-share project, which became known as Citi Bike, in 2013.[225] New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city had hit an all-time high of 437 when measured in 2014.[226]

The New York City drinking water supply is extracted from the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.[227] As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification through water treatment plants.[228] The city's municipal water system is the largest in the United States, moving more than 1 billion U.S. gallons (3.8 billion liters) of water daily from a watershed covering 1,900 square miles (4,900 km2)[229][230]

According to the 2016 World Health Organization Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,[231] the annual average concentration in New York City's air of particulate matter measuring 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) was 7.0 micrograms per cubic meter, or 3.0 micrograms within the recommended limit of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for the annual mean PM2.5.[232] The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, in partnership with Queens College, conducts the New York Community Air Survey to measure pollutants at about 150 locations.[233]

Demographics

Main articles: Demographics of New York City and Demographic history of New York City

Historical populationYearPop.±% 16984,937—     17125,840+18.3% 17237,248+24.1% 173710,664+47.1% 174611,717+9.9% 175613,046+11.3% 177121,863+67.6% 179033,131+51.5% 180060,515+82.7% 181096,373+59.3% 1820123,706+28.4% 1830202,589+63.8% 1840312,710+54.4% 1850515,547+64.9% 1860813,669+57.8% 1870942,292+15.8% 18801,206,299+28.0% 18901,515,301+25.6% 19003,437,202+126.8% 19104,766,883+38.7% 19205,620,048+17.9% 19306,930,446+23.3% 19407,454,995+7.6% 19507,891,957+5.9% 19607,781,984−1.4% 19707,894,862+1.5% 19807,071,639−10.4% 19907,322,564+3.5% 20008,008,288+9.4% 20108,175,133+2.1% 20208,804,190+7.7% 2022 est.8,335,897−5.3%[e]

New York City is the most populous city in the United States,[237] with 8,804,190 residents incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States census.[4][238][239] More than twice as many people live in New York City as compared to Los Angeles, the second-most populous U.S. city.[240]

Between 2010 and 2020, New York City gained 629,000 residents, more than any other U.S. city, and a greater amount than the total sum of the gains over the same decade of the next four largest U.S. cities (Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Phoenix) combined.[241][242] The city's population density of 27,744.1 inhabitants per square mile (10,712.1/km2) makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.[166] Manhattan's population density is 70,450.8 inhabitants per square mile (27,201.2/km2), the highest of any county in the United States.[166]

Based on data from the 2020 census, New York City comprises about 43.6% of the state's population of 20,202,320,[4] and about 39% of the population of the New York metropolitan area.[243] The majority of New York City residents in 2020 (5,141,539 or 58.4%) were living in Brooklyn or Queens, the two boroughs on Long Island.[244] As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,[22][245][246][247] and the New York City metropolitan statistical area has the largest foreign-born population of any metropolitan region in the world. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and Miami.[248]

Race and ethnicity

Main articles: Race and ethnicity in New York City and New York City ethnic enclaves

The city's population in 2020 was 31.2% White (non-Hispanic), 29.0% Hispanic or Latino, 23.1% Black or African American (non-Hispanic), 14.5% Asian, and 0.6% Native American (non-Hispanic), with 8.9% listing two or more races.[4] A total of 3.4% of the non-Hispanic population identified with more than one race.[249]

Based on date from 2018 to 2022, approximately 36.3% of the city's population is foreign born (compared to 13.7% nationwide),[4] and 40% of all children are born to mothers who are immigrants.[250] Throughout its history, New York has been a major port of entry for immigrants into the United States.[251][252] No single country or region of origin dominates.[251] The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011[update] were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago,[253] Queens has the largest Asian American and Andean populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically and linguistically diverse urban area in the world.[254][178]

New York City ethnic enclavesLittle Fuzhou, ManhattanLittle Italy, ManhattanLittle Russia, BrooklynLittle India, Queens

The metropolitan area has the largest Asian Indian population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,[255] Italian American, and African American populations; the largest Dominican American, Puerto Rican American, and South American[255] and second-largest overall Hispanic population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million.[256] Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil, are the top source countries from South America for immigrants to the New York City region; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Nigeria, Egypt, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Central America.[257]

New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.[258] Asian Americans in New York City, according to the 2010 census, number more than 1.2 million,[4] greater than the combined totals of San Francisco and Los Angeles.[259] New York has the largest Chinese population of any city outside Asia,[260] Manhattan's Chinatown is the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere,[261] and Queens is home to the largest Tibetan population outside Asia.[262] Arab Americans number over 160,000 in New York City,[263] with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. Central Asians, primarily Uzbek Americans, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic White population.[264] The metropolitan area is home to 20% of the nation's Indian Americans and at least twenty Little India enclaves, and 15% of all Korean Americans and four Koreatowns.[265]

New York City has the largest European and non-Hispanic white population of any American city, with 2.7 million in 2012.[266] The European diaspora residing in the city is very diverse and many European ethnic groups have formed enclaves.[267][268][269] New York City is home to the highest Jewish population of any city in the world, numbering 1.6 million in 2022, more than Tel Aviv and Jerusalem combined.[270] In the borough of Brooklyn, an estimated one in four residents is Jewish.[271]

LGBT culture

Main articles: LGBT culture in New York City, Same-sex marriage in New York, and NYC Pride March

Further information: New York City Drag March, Queens Pride Parade, List of LGBT people from New York City, and List of largest LGBT events

New York City has been described as the gay capital of the world and the central node of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) sociopolitical ecosystem, and is home to one of the world's largest LGBT populations and the most prominent.[272] The New York metropolitan area is home to about 570,000 self-identifying gay and bisexual people, the largest in the United States.[273][274] Same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults has been legal in New York since 1980's New York v. Onofre case, which invalidated the state's sodomy law.[275] Same-sex marriage in New York was legalized on June 24, 2011, and were authorized to take place on July 23, 2011.[276]

The New York City Pride March is the largest pride parade in the world.[277]

The annual New York City Pride March proceeds southward down Fifth Avenue and ends at Greenwich Village in Lower Manhattan; the parade is the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.[277][278] The annual Queens Pride Parade is held in Jackson Heights and is accompanied by the ensuing Multicultural Parade.[279]

Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019 was the largest international Pride celebration in history, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, with 150,000 participants and five million spectators attending in Manhattan alone.[280] New York City is home to the largest transgender population in the world, estimated at more than 50,000 in 2018, concentrated in Manhattan and Queens; however, until the June 1969 Stonewall riots, this community had felt marginalized and neglected by the gay community.[279][126] Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest transgender-rights demonstration in LGBT history, took place on June 14, 2020, stretching from Grand Army Plaza to Fort Greene, Brooklyn, focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.[281][282]

Religion

Further information: St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan), Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree, Christmas in New York, Judaism in New York City, History of the Jews in New York, Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam, Islam in New York City, and Hindu Temple Society of North America

Religious affiliation (2014)[283][284]

Christian

59%

Catholic

33%

Protestant

23%

Other Christian

3%

Unaffiliated

22%

Jewish

8%

Muslim

7%

Hindu

2%

Buddhist

1%

Other faiths

1%

Largely as a result of Western European missionary work and colonialism, Christianity is the largest religion (59% adherent) in New York City,[283] which is home to the highest number of churches of any city in the world.[17] Roman Catholicism is the largest Christian denomination (33%), followed by Protestantism (23%), and other Christian denominations (3%). The Roman Catholic population are primarily served by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Diocese of Brooklyn. Eastern Catholics are divided into numerous jurisdictions throughout the city. Evangelical Protestantism is the largest branch of Protestantism in the city (9%), followed by Mainline Protestantism (8%), while the converse is usually true for other cities and metropolitan areas.[284]

Judaism, the second-largest religion practiced in New York City, with approximately 1.6 million adherents as of 2022, represents the largest Jewish community of any city in the world, greater than the combined totals of Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.[285][286] Nearly half of the city's Jews live in Brooklyn.[287][288] The ethno-religious population makes up 18.4% of the city and its religious demographic makes up 8%.[289]

Islam ranks as the third-largest religion in New York City, following Christianity and Judaism, with estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers of Islam, including 10% of the city's public school children.[290] 22.3% of American Muslims live in New York City, with 1.5 million Muslims in the greater New York metropolitan area, representing the largest metropolitan Muslim population in the Western Hemisphere[291]—and the most ethnically diverse Muslim population of any city in the world.[292] Powers Street Mosque in Brooklyn is one of the oldest continuously operating mosques in the U.S., and represents the first Islamic organization in both the city and the state of New York.[293][294]

Following these three largest religious groups in New York City are Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism, and others. As of 2023, 24% of Greater New Yorkers identified with no organized religious affiliation, and 4% were self-identified atheists.[295]

Education

Main article: Education in New York City

The Low Memorial Library at Columbia University

New York City has the largest educational system of any city in the world.[17] The city's educational infrastructure spans primary education, secondary education, higher education, and research. The New York City Public Schools system, managed by the New York City Department of Education, is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in approximately 1,800 separate primary and secondary schools, including charter schools, as of the 2017–2018 school year.[296] The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new charter schools.[297] There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city.[298]

The Stephen A. Schwarzman Headquarters Building of the New York Public Library

The New York Public Library (NYPL) has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States.[299] Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library (QPL), the nation's second-largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) serves Brooklyn.[299]

More than a million students, the highest number of any city in the United States,[300] are enrolled in New York City's more than 120 higher education institutions, with more than half a million in the City University of New York (CUNY) system alone as of 2020[update], including both degree and professional programs.[301] According to Academic Ranking of World Universities, New York City has, on average, the best higher education institutions of any global city.[302]

The public CUNY system comprising 25 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, community colleges, and other graduate/professional schools. The public State University of New York (SUNY) system includes campuses in New York City, including SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Fashion Institute of Technology, SUNY Maritime College, and SUNY College of Optometry. New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, New York Institute of Technology, Rockefeller University, Mercy University, Cornell Tech and Yeshiva University; several of these universities are ranked among the top universities in the world,[303][304] while some of the world's most prestigious institutions like Princeton University and Yale University remain in the New York metropolitan area.

Much of the scientific research in the city is done in medicine and the life sciences. In 2019, the New York metropolitan area ranked first on the list of cities and metropolitan areas by share of published articles in life sciences.[12] New York City has the most postgraduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, and in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City.[305] There are 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions as of 2004[update].[306]

Health

Main articles: Healthcare in New York City, NYC Health + Hospitals, and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

New York-Presbyterian Hospital, affiliated with Columbia University and Cornell University, is the largest hospital and largest private employer in New York City and one of the world's busiest hospitals.[307]New York City is a center for healthcare and medical training, with employment of 750,000 in the city's health care sector.[308][309] Private hospitals in New York City include the Hospital for Special Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital and NYU Langone Health.[310] Medical schools include SUNY Downstate College of Medicine in Brooklyn, Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, and CUNY School of Medicine, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Weill Cornell Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and New York University School of Medicine in Manhattan.[311]

NYC Health + Hospitals (HHC) is a public-benefit corporation established in 1969 which operates the city's public hospitals and a network of outpatient clinics.[312][313] As of 2021[update], HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States with $10.9 billion in annual revenues.[314] HHC serves 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents.[315] HHC operates eleven acute-care hospitals, four nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based primary care sites, serving primarily the city's poor and working-class residents.[316][317] HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of New York City's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance, enrolling 670,000 city residents as of June 2022.[318]

HHC's facilities annually provides service to millions of New Yorkers, interpreted in more than 190 languages.[319] The best-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States, established in 1736.[320] Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the president of the United States and other world leaders should they require care while in New York City.[321]

The city banned smoking in most parts of restaurants in 1995 and prohibited smoking in bars, restaurants and places of public employment in 2003.[322] In August 2017, Mayor Bill de Blasio signed legislation outlawing pharmacies from selling cigarettes once their existing licenses to do so expired, beginning in 2018.[323][needs update] New York City enforces a right-to-shelter law guaranteeing shelter to anyone who needs it, regardless of their immigration, socioeconomic, or housing status, which entails providing adequate shelter and food.[324]

Public safety

Main articles: New York City Police Department, New York City Fire Department, Crime in New York City, and Law enforcement in New York City

New York Police Department (NYPD) police officers in Brooklyn

The Fire Department of New York (FDNY), the largest municipal fire department in the United States

The New York Police Department (NYPD) is the largest police force in the United States, with more than 36,000 sworn officers, more than triple the size of the Chicago Police Department.[325] Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, New York's Finest.[326]

The city saw a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s.[327] Crime overall has trended downward in New York City since the 1990s;[328] violent crime decreased more than 75% from 1993 to 2005, and continued decreasing during periods when the nation as a whole saw increases.[329] The NYPD's stop-and-frisk program was declared unconstitutional in 2013 as a "policy of indirect racial profiling" of Black and Hispanic residents,[330] although claims of disparate impact continued in subsequent years.[331] The stop-and-frisk program had been widely credited as being behind the decline in crime, though rates continued dropping in the years after the program ended.[332][333]

The city set a record of 2,245 murders in 1990 and hit a near-70-year record low of 289 in 2018.[334] The number of murders and the rate of 3.3 per 100,000 residents in 2017 was the lowest since 1951.[335] New York City recorded 386 murders in 2023, a decline of 12% from the previous year.[336][337] New York City had one of the lowest homicide rates among the ten largest U.S. cities at 5.5 per 100,000 residents in 2021, behind San Jose, California, at 3.1 per 100,000.[338]

New York City has stricter gun laws than most other cities in the U.S.—a license to own any firearm is required in New York City, and the NY SAFE Act of 2013 banned assault weapons—and New York State had the fifth-lowest gun death rate of the states in 2020.[339]

Organized crime has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the Forty Thieves and the Roach Guards in the Five Points neighborhood in the 1820s, followed by the Tongs in the same neighborhood, which ultimately evolved into Chinatown, Manhattan. The 20th century saw a rise in the Mafia, dominated by the Five Families, as well as in gangs, including the Black Spades.[340] The Mafia and gang presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.[341][342]

The Fire Department of New York (FDNY) provides fire protection, technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and emergency medical services. FDNY faces multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, the FDNY responds to fires that occur in the New York City Subway.[343] Secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires, also present challenges. The FDNY is headquartered at 9 MetroTech Center in Downtown Brooklyn,[344] and the FDNY Fire Academy is on Randalls Island.[345]

Economy

Main article: Economy of New York City

Midtown Manhattan is the world's largest central business district.[346]

Lower Manhattan, including Wall Street, the world's principal financial center, and One World Trade Center, the tallest skyscraper in the United States[26]

New York City is a global hub of business and commerce, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.[347] Greater New York is the world's largest metropolitan economy, with a gross metropolitan product estimated at US$2.16 trillion in 2022.[7][8] New York is a center for worldwide banking and finance, health care and life sciences,[13] medical technology and research, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media, traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is a major economic engine, benefitting post-Panamax from the expansion of the Panama Canal.[348][349][350]

Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City,[351] as are a large number of multinational corporations. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists.[352][353] New York City's role as the top global center for the advertising industry is metonymously reflected as Madison Avenue.[354] The city's fashion industry provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.[355]

Significant other economic sectors include universities and non-profit institutions. Manufacturing declined over the 20th century but still accounts for significant employment. The city's apparel and garment industry, historically centered on the Garment District in Manhattan, peaked in 1950, when more than 323,000 workers were employed in the industry in New York. In 2015, fewer than 23,000 New York City residents were employed in the industry, although revival efforts were underway,[356] and the American fashion industry continues to be metonymized as Seventh Avenue.[357] In 2017, the city had 205,592 employer firms, of which 22.0% were owned by women, 31.3% were minority-owned and 2.7% were owned by veterans.[4]

In 2022, the gross domestic product of New York City was $1.053 trillion, of which $781 billion (74%) was produced by Manhattan.[7] Like other large cities, New York City has a degree of income disparity, as indicated by its Gini coefficient of 0.55 as of 2022.[358][359] In November 2023, the city had total employment of 4.75 millon of which more than a quarter were in education and health services.[360] Manhattan, which accounted for more than half of the city's jobs, had an average weekly wage of $2,590 in the second quarter of 2023, ranking fourth-highest among the nation's 360 largest counties.[361] In 2022, New York City was home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world, with a total of 107.[362]

New York City is one of the relatively few American cities levying an income tax (about 3%) on its residents.[363][364][365]

Wall Street

Main articles: Wall Street and Financial District, Manhattan

The New York Stock Exchange is the world's largest stock exchange per total market capitalization of its listed companies.[366][367]

New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S. financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. Lower Manhattan is home to the New York Stock Exchange, at 11 Wall Street, and the Nasdaq, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchanges, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total market capitalization of their listed companies in 2013.[366][367] In fiscal year 2013–14, Wall Street's securities industry generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue.[368]

New York City remains the largest global center for trading in public equity and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and financial development of the U.S. economy.[369]: 31–32 [370] New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Several investment banks and investment managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.[369]: 34–35  New York is the principal commercial banking center of the United States.[371]

Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2018,[372] making it the largest office market in the United States,[373] while Midtown Manhattan, with 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2018,[372] is the largest central business district in the world.[374]

Tech and biotech

Further information: Tech:NYC, Tech companies in New York City, Biotech companies in New York City, and Silicon Alley

The Flatiron District is the cradle of Silicon Alley, initially metonymous for the New York metropolitan region's high tech sector

Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island

New York is a top-tier global technology hub.[11][375] Silicon Alley, once a metonym for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's high technology industries,[376] is no longer a relevant moniker as the city's tech environment has expanded dramatically both in location and in scope since at least 2003, when tech business appeared in more places in Manhattan and in other boroughs, and not much silicon was involved.[376][377] New York City's current tech sphere encompasses the array of applications involving universal applications of artificial intelligence (AI),[378][379] broadband internet,[380] new media, financial technology (fintech) and cryptocurrency, biotechnology, game design, and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. Technology-driven startup companies and entrepreneurial employment are growing in New York City and the region. The technology sector has been claiming a greater share of New York City's economy since 2010.[381] Tech:NYC, founded in 2016, is a non-profit organization which represents New York City's technology industry with government, civic institutions, in business, and in the media, and whose primary goals are to further augment New York's substantial tech talent base and to advocate for policies that will nurture tech companies to grow in the city.[382]

New York City's AI sector raised US$483.6 million in venture capital investment in 2022.[383] In 2023, New York unveiled the first comprehensive initiative to create both a framework of rules and a chatbot to regulate the use of AI within the sphere of city government.[384]

The biotechnology sector is growing in New York City, based on the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a $2 billion graduate school of applied sciences called Cornell Tech on Roosevelt Island with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.[385][386]

Real estate

Apple Store at Fifth Avenue, one of the most expensive shopping streets in the world

New York City real estate is a safe haven for global investors.[29] The total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$1.479 trillion for the 2017 fiscal year, an increase of 6.1% from the previous year; of the total market value for 2024, single family homes accounted for $765 billion (51.7%), co-ops, condominiums and apartment buildings totaled $351 billion (23.7%) and commercial properties were valued at $317 billion (21.4%).[387][388] Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commands the highest retail rents in the world, at $2,000 per square foot ($22,000/m2) in 2023.[389][390]

New York City has one of the highest costs of living in the world, due in part to rental prices.[391] In 2023, one-bedroom apartments in Manhattan rented at a median monthly price of US$4,443.[392] The median house price city-wide is over $1 million as of 2023.[393] As of 2023, there were 92,824 homeless people sleeping nightly in New York City's shelter system, with homelessness in the city reaching the highest levels since the Great Depression.[394]

With 33,000 units available in 2023 among the city's 2.3 million rentable apartments, the vacancy rate was 1.4%, the lowest level since 1968 and a rate that is indicative of a shortage of available units, especially among those with rents below the median monthly rental of $1,650, where 1% of units were available.[395]

Tourism

Main article: Tourism in New York City

Times Square is one of the world's leading tourist attractions with 50 million tourists annually.[212]

Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, and NYC Tourism + Conventions represents the city's official bureau of tourism.[396] New York has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists, with as many as 66.6 million visitors to the city per year, including as many as 13.5 million visitors from outside the United States, with the highest numbers from the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, and China.[397] Multiple sources have called New York the most photographed city in the world.[398][399][400] I Love New York (stylized I ❤ NY) is both a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and have been used since 1977 to promote tourism in New York City,[401] and later to promote New York State as well. The trademarked logo is owned by New York State Empire State Development.[402]

Many districts and monuments in New York City are major landmarks, including three of the world's ten-most-visited tourist attractions in 2023.[403] A record 66.6 million tourists visited New York City in 2019, bringing in $47.4 billion in tourism revenue. Visitor numbers dropped by two-thirds in 2020 during the pandemic, rebounding to 63.3 million in 2023.[397][404] Major landmarks in New York City include the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, and Central Park.[405] Times Square is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District,[406] and a major center of the world's entertainment industry.[407] that attracts 50 million visitors annually to one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections.[212]

Media and entertainment

Main article: Media in New York City

Further information: New Yorkers in journalism

Rockefeller Center, one of Manhattan's leading media and entertainment hubs

The headquarters of the New York Times Company, publisher of The New York Times

New York City has been described as the entertainment[17][408][409] and digital media capital of the world.[410] It is a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is the largest media market in North America.[411] Many of the world's largest media conglomerates are based in the city, including Warner Bros. Discovery, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, Bloomberg L.P., the News Corp, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, AOL, Fox Corporation, and Paramount Global. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York.[412]

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city,[413] and the publishing industry employs about 11,500 people, with an economic impact of $9.2 billion.[414] The two national daily newspapers with the largest daily circulations in the United States are published in New York: the The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times broadsheets.[415] With 132 awards through 2022, The Times has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism[416] and is considered the U.S. media's newspaper of record.[417] Tabloid newspapers in the city include the New York Daily News, which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson,[418] and the New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton.[419][420]

As of 2019[update], New York City was the second-largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually. The industry employed more than 100,000 people in 2019, generating $12.2 billion in wages and a total economic impact of $64.1 billion.[421] By volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production—one-third of all American independent films are produced there.[422][413]

New York is a major center for non-commercial educational media. NYC Media is the official public radio, television, and online media network and broadcasting service of New York City,[423] and has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971.[424] WNET is the city's major public television station and produces a third of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming.[425] WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997,[426] has the largest public radio audience in the United States.[427]

Culture

Main article: Culture of New York City

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum seen from Fifth Avenue

New York City is frequently the setting for novels, movies, and television programs and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.[428][429][430][431] In describing New York, author Tom Wolfe said, "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."[432]

The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art;[433][434] abstract expressionism (known as the New York School) in painting; and hip-hop,[184][435] punk,[436] hardcore,[437] salsa, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, certain forms of jazz,[438] and (along with Philadelphia) disco in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world.[439][440]

One of the most common traits attributed to New York City is its fast pace,[441][442][443] which spawned the term New York minute.[444] Journalist Walt Whitman characterized New York's streets as being traversed by "hurrying, feverish, electric crowds".[443] New York City's residents are prominently known for their resilience historically, and more recently related to their management of the impacts of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the COVID-19 pandemic.[445][446][447] New York was voted the world's most resilient city in 2021 and 2022, per Time Out's global poll of urban residents.[446]

Theater

Further information: Broadway theatre and Theater District, Manhattan

The Golden; Jacobs; Schoenfeld; and Booth theatres in Theater District

The central hub of the American theater scene is Manhattan, with its divisions of Broadway, off-Broadway, and off-off-Broadway.[448] Many movie and television stars have gotten their big break working in New York productions.[449]

Broadway theatre is one of the premier forms of English-language theatre in the world, named after Broadway, the major thoroughfare that crosses Times Square,[450] sometimes referred to as "The Great White Way".[451][452][453]

Forty-one venues mostly in Midtown Manhattan's Theatre District, each with at least 500 seats, are classified as Broadway theatres.[454] The 2018–19 Broadway theatre season set records with total attendance of 14.8 million and gross revenue of $1.83 billion[455] Recovering from closures forced by the COVID-19 pandemic, 2022–23 revenues rebounded to $1.58 billion with total attendance of 12.3 million.[456][457]

The Tony Awards recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre and are presented at an annual ceremony in Manhattan. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances at the 41 eligible Broadway venues.[458] One is also given for regional theatre. Several discretionary non-competitive awards are given as well, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award.[459]

Accent and dialect

Main articles: New York City English and New York accent

The New York area is home to a distinctive regional accent and speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. It has been considered one of the most recognizable accents within American English.[460] The traditional New York area speech pattern is known for its rapid delivery, and its accent is characterized as non-rhotic so that the sound [ɹ] does not appear at the end of a syllable or immediately before a consonant, therefore the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk".[461] The classic version of the New York City dialect is centered on middle- and working-class New Yorkers. The influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect,[461] and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent.[461]

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of New York City

Further information: List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City and List of tallest buildings in New York City

Row houses in Crown Heights North Historic District, Brooklyn

New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the Dutch Colonial Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and the most expensive office tower in the world by construction cost.[462]

Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, has been recognized as an iconic symbol of the city,[463][464][465] and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2019[update], New York City had 6,455 high-rise buildings, the third most in the world after Hong Kong and Seoul.[466]

The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.[467] Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835.[468]

In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.[469][470][471]

Ten mile (16km) Manhattan skyline panorama from 120th Street to the Battery, taken in February 2018 from across the Hudson River in Weehawken, New Jersey

Riverside Church

Deutsche Bank Center

220 Central Park South

Central Park Tower

One57

432 Park Avenue

53W53

Chrysler Building

Bank of America Tower

4 Times Square

The New York Times Building

Empire State Building

Manhattan West

a: 55 Hudson Yards, 14b: 35 Hudson Yards, 14c: 10 Hudson Yards, 14d: 15 Hudson Yards

56 Leonard Street

8 Spruce Street

Woolworth Building

70 Pine Street

Four Seasons Downtown

40 Wall Street

3 World Trade Center

4 World Trade Center

One World Trade Center

Arts

Further information: List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City and Music of New York City

The Lincoln Center: David H. Koch Theater (left), home of the NY City Ballet; Metropolitan Opera House (center), home of the Metropolitan Opera; and David Geffen Hall (right), home of the NY Philharmonic

Metropolitan Museum of Art, the largest art museum in the Americas

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, anchoring Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the Metropolitan Opera, New York City Opera, New York Philharmonic, and New York City Ballet, as well as the Vivian Beaumont Theater, the Juilliard School, Jazz at Lincoln Center, and Alice Tully Hall. The Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute is in Union Square, and Tisch School of the Arts is based at New York University, while Central Park SummerStage presents free music concerts in Central Park.[472]

New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art galleries.[473] The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the National Endowment for the Arts.[473] The city is also home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites. Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan,[474] in the upper portion of Carnegie Hill.[475]

Nine museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue, making it one of the densest displays of culture in the world.[476] Its art museums include the Guggenheim, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Neue Galerie New York, and The Africa Center. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation.[477] Many of the world's most lucrative art auctions are held in New York City.[478][479]

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the largest art museum in the Americas. In 2022, it welcomed 3.2 million visitors, ranking it the third-most visited U.S. museum, and eighth on the list of most-visited art museums in the world.[480] Its permanent collection contains more than two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments,[481] and includes works of art from classical antiquity and ancient Egypt; paintings and sculptures from nearly all the European masters; and an extensive collection of American and modern art. The Met maintains extensive holdings of African, Asian, Oceanian, Byzantine, and Islamic art.[482]

Cuisine

Main articles: Cuisine of New York City, List of restaurants in New York City, and List of Michelin starred restaurants in New York City

New York-style bagel with lox

New York City's food culture includes an array of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central and Eastern European immigrants, especially Jewish immigrants from those regions, brought New York-style bagels, cheesecake, hot dogs, knishes, and delicatessens (delis) to the city. Italian immigrants brought New York-style pizza and Italian cuisine into the city, while Jewish immigrants and Irish immigrants brought pastrami[483] and corned beef,[484] respectively. Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses are ubiquitous throughout the city. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs[485] examples of modern New York street food. The city is home to "nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world", according to Michelin.[486] The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's restaurants based on inspection results.[487] As of 2019, there were 27,043 restaurants in the city, up from 24,865 in 2017.[488] The Queens Night Market in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park attracts more than ten thousand people nightly to sample food from more than 85 countries.[278]

Fashion

Further information: New York Fashion Week and Met Gala

Haute couture fashion models walk the runway during NYFW.

New York has frequently been ranked the top fashion capital of the world on the annual list compiled by the Global Language Monitor.[489] New York Fashion Week (NYFW) is a high-profile semiannual event featuring models displaying the latest wardrobes created by prominent fashion designers worldwide in advance of these fashions proceeding to the retail marketplace.[490]

NYFW sets the tone for the global fashion industry.[491] New York's fashion district encompasses roughly 30 city blocks in Midtown Manhattan,[492] clustered around a stretch of Seventh Avenue nicknamed Fashion Avenue.[493] New York's fashion calendar also includes Couture Fashion Week to showcase haute couture styles.[494] The Met Gala is often described as "Fashion's biggest night".[495]

Parades

Further information: List of parades in New York City

The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, the world's largest parade[496]

New York City is well known for its street parades, the majority held in Manhattan. The primary orientation of the annual street parades is typically from north to south, marching along major avenues. The annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is the world's largest parade,[496] beginning alongside Central Park and proceeding southward to the flagship Macy's Herald Square store;[497] the parade is viewed on telecasts worldwide and draws millions of spectators in person.[496] Other notable parades including the annual New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade in March, the NYC LGBT Pride March in June, the LGBT-inspired Greenwich Village Halloween Parade in October, and numerous parades commemorating the independence days of many nations. Ticker-tape parades celebrating championships won by sports teams as well as other accomplishments march northward along the Canyon of Heroes on Broadway from Bowling Green to City Hall Park in Lower Manhattan.

Sports

Main articles: Sports in the New York metropolitan area and Traditional games of New York City

The U.S. Open Tennis Championships in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in QueensCiti Field, also in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, has been home to the New York Mets since 2009.Yankee Stadium in The Bronx is home to the New York Yankees and New York City FC.Barclays Center, home to the Brooklyn Nets of the NBA and the New York Liberty of the WNBA

New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League,[498] Major League Baseball,[499] the National Basketball Association,[500] the National Hockey League,[501] and Major League Soccer.[502]

New York City hosted the 1984 Summer Paralympics[503] and the 1998 Goodwill Games.[504] New York City's bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics was one of five finalists, but lost out to London.[505]

The city has played host to more than 40 major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing leagues. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are in the New York metropolitan area.[506]

The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey,[507] which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014.[508]

The city's two Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at 41,800-seat Citi Field in Queens and the New York Yankees, who play at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx, which has 47,400 seats.[509] The two rivals compete in four games of interleague play every regular season that has come to be called the Subway Series.[510] The Yankees have won an MLB-record 27 championships,[511] while the Mets have won the World Series twice.[512] The city was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once,[513] and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958.[514] There is one Minor League Baseball team in the city, the Mets-affiliated Brooklyn Cyclones,[515] and the city gained a club in the independent Atlantic League when the Staten Island FerryHawks began play in 2022.[516]

The city's National Basketball Association teams are the New York Knicks, who play at Madison Square Garden, and the Brooklyn Nets, who play at the Barclays Center. The New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association team. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.[517]

The metropolitan area is home to three National Hockey League teams. The New York Rangers, one of the league's Original Six, play at Madison Square Garden in Manhattan. The New York Islanders, traditionally representing Long Island, play in UBS Arena in Elmont, New York, but played in Brooklyn's Barclays Center from 2015 to 2020. The New Jersey Devils play at Prudential Center in nearby Newark, New Jersey.

In soccer, New York City is represented by New York City FC of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium[518] and the New York Red Bulls, who play their home games at Red Bull Arena in nearby Harrison, New Jersey.[519] NJ/NY Gotham FC plays their home games in Red Bull Arena, representing the metropolitan area in the National Women's Soccer League. A new version of the New York Cosmos was formed in 2010, and most recently played in the third-division National Independent Soccer Association before going on hiatus in January 2021. New York was a host city for the 1994 FIFA World Cup, with matches being played at Giants Stadium in neighboring East Rutherford, New Jersey.[520] New York City will be one of eleven U.S. host cities for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with the final set to be played at MetLife Stadium, which will be called "New York New Jersey Stadium" during the tournament.[521][522]

The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens.[523] The New York City Marathon, which courses through all five boroughs, is the world's largest running marathon, with 51,402 finishers in 2023, who came from all 50 states and 148 nations.[524] The Millrose Games is an annual track and field meet held at the Fort Washington Avenue Armory, whose featured event is the Wanamaker Mile.[525] Boxing is a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the New York Golden Gloves held at Madison Square Garden each year.[526]

Transportation

Main article: Transportation in New York City

Rapid transit

Port Authority Bus Terminal, the world's busiest bus station, at Eighth Avenue and 42nd Street[527][528]

Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City metropolitan area.[529][530]

Buses

New York City's public bus fleet runs 24/7 and is the largest in North America.[531] The New York City bus system serves the most passengers of any city in the nation: In 2022, MTA New York City Transit's buses served 483.5 million trips, while MTA Regional Bus Operations handled 100.3 million trips.[532]

The Port Authority Bus Terminal is the city's main intercity bus terminal and the world's busiest bus station, serving 250,000 passengers on 7,000 buses each workday in a building opened in 1950 that was designed to accommodate 60,000 daily passengers. A 2021 plan announced by the Port Authority would spend $10 billion to expand capacity and modernize the facility.[528][533][527] In 2024, the Port Authority announced plans for a new terminal that would feature a glass atrium at a new main entrance on 41st Street.[534][535]

Rail

Main article: New York City Subway

New York City is home to the two busiest train stations in the U.S., Grand Central Terminal (pictured) and Penn Station.

The New York City Subway, the world's largest rapid transit system by number of stations

The New York City Subway system is the largest rapid transit system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with 472, and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities.[536] The New York City Subway is the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere,[537] with 1.70 billion passenger rides in 2019,[538] while Grand Central Terminal is the world's largest railway station by number of train platforms.[539]

Public transport is widely used in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit.[540] This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where 91% of commuters travel in automobiles to their workplace.[541] According to the New York City Comptroller, workers in the New York City area spend an average of 6 hours and 18 minutes getting to work each week, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities.[542] New York is the only U.S. city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.[543] Due to their high usage of mass transit, New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.[544]

New York City's commuter rail network is the largest in North America.[529] The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and New York Penn Station and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines.[529] The elevated AirTrain JFK in Queens connects JFK International Airport to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road.[545] For inter-city rail, New York City is served by Amtrak, whose busiest station by a significant margin is Penn Station on the West Side of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the Northeast Corridor, and long-distance train service to other North American cities.[546]

The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day, with access to Manhattan from the St. George Terminal via the Staten Island Ferry.[547] The PATH train links Midtown and Lower Manhattan to Hoboken Terminal and Newark Penn Station in New Jersey.[548] Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day, meaning three of the five rapid transit systems in the United States which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York.[549]

Multibillion-dollar heavy rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway.[550]

Air

Main article: Aviation in the New York metropolitan area

John F. Kennedy Airport in Queens

New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area are John F. Kennedy International Airport (with 55.3 million passengers), Newark Liberty International Airport (43.6 million) and LaGuardia Airport (29.0 million); 127.9 million travelers used these three airports in 2022.[551] JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth-busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2023.[552] As of 2011[update], JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America.[553]

Described in 2014 by then-Vice President Joe Biden as the kind of airport a travelers would see in "some third world country", LaGuardia Airport has undergone an $8 billion project with federal and state support that has replaced its aging facilities with modern terminals and roadways.[554][555][556][557] Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport, near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[558] Other commercial airports in or serving the New York metropolitan area include Long Island MacArthur Airport, Trenton–Mercer Airport and Westchester County Airport. The primary general aviation airport serving the area is Teterboro Airport.

Ferries, taxis and trams

Main articles: Staten Island Ferry, NYC Ferry, Taxis of New York City, and Roosevelt Island Tramway

The Staten Island Ferry shuttles commuters between Manhattan and Staten Island.

The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying more than 23 million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on a 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24/7.[559][560] Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area. NYC Ferry, a NYCEDC initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017.[561]

Identified by their color and taxi medallion, the city's 13,587 yellow taxicabs are the only vehicles allowed to pick up riders making street hails throughout the city.[562] Apple green-colored boro taxis can pick up street hails in Upper Manhattan and the four outer boroughs.[563] Long dominated by yellow taxis, high-volume for hire vehicles from Uber and Lyft have provided the most trips in the city since December 2016, when the for-hire vehicles and cabs each had about 10.5 million trips. By October 2023, the 78,000 vehicles-for-hire from such companies as Uber and Lyft combined for 20.3 million trips, while 3.5 million trips were in yellow taxis.[564][565]

The Roosevelt Island Tramway, an aerial tramway that began operation in May 1976,[566] transports 2 million passengers per year the 3,140 feet (960 m) between Roosevelt Island and a station at 59th Street and Second Avenue on Manhattan Island.[567]

Cycling network

Main article: Cycling in New York City

Citi Bike bike share service, which started in May 2013

New York City has mixed cycling conditions which include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with stop-and-go traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes utility cyclists, such as delivery and messenger services; recreational cycling clubs; and an increasing number of commuters. Cycling is increasingly popular in New York City; in 2022 there were approximately 61,200 people who commuted daily using a bicycle and 610,000 daily bike trips, with both numbers nearly doubling over the previous decade.[218] As of 2022[update], New York City had 1,525 miles (2,454 km) of bike lanes, including 644 miles (1,036 km) of segregated or "protected" bike lanes citywide.[218]

Streets and highways

Further information: List of bridges and tunnels in New York City and Commissioners' Plan of 1811

The Manhattan Bridge and Brooklyn Bridge on the East River

Streets are also a defining feature of the city. The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 greatly influenced its physical development. New York City has an extensive web of freeways and parkways, which link the city's boroughs to each other and to North Jersey, Westchester County, Long Island, and southwestern Connecticut through bridges and tunnels. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who commute into Manhattan, it is common for motorists to be stranded for hours in traffic congestion that are a daily occurrence, particularly during rush hour.[568][569] Congestion pricing in New York City will go into effect in 2022 at the earliest[needs update].[570][571][572] Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left turns at red traffic signals in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present.[573]

The George Washington Bridge, across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.[574][575]

Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is on New York State's mainland. Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and to New Jersey by an extensive network of bridges and tunnels. The 14-lane George Washington Bridge, connecting Manhattan to New Jersey across the Hudson River, is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.[574][575] The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, spanning the Narrows between Brooklyn and Staten Island, is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest.[576][577] The Brooklyn Bridge, with its stone neo-Gothic suspension towers, is an icon of the city itself; opened in 1883, it was the first steel-wire suspension bridge and was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903.[578][579] The Queensboro Bridge "was the longest cantilever span in North America" from 1909 to 1917.[580] The Manhattan Bridge, opened in 1909, "is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges", and its design "served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges" of the early 20th century.[581] The Throgs Neck Bridge and Whitestone Bridge connect Queens and the Bronx, while the Triborough Bridge connects the three boroughs of Manhattan, Queens, and the Bronx.

Lincoln Tunnel

The Lincoln Tunnel, which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.[582] The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The Holland Tunnel, connecting Lower Manhattan to Jersey City, New Jersey, was the first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927.[583][584] The Queens–Midtown Tunnel, built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940.[585] The Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel (officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel) is the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America and runs underneath Battery Park, connecting the Financial District in Lower Manhattan to Red Hook in Brooklyn.[586]

Government and politics

Main articles: Government of New York City, Politics of New York City, and Elections in New York City

Government

New York City Hall

New York County Courthouse houses the New York Supreme Court and other governmental offices.

New York City has been a metropolitan municipality with a strong mayor–council form of government[587] since its consolidation in 1898. The city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

The City Council is a unicameral body of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries.[588] Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a two consecutive-term limit,[589] which is reset after a four-year break. The New York City Administrative Code, the New York City Rules, and The City Record are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.[590][591]

Each borough is coextensive with a judicial district of the state Unified Court System, of which the Criminal Court and the Civil Court are the local courts, while the New York Supreme Court conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are several extrajudicial administrative courts, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System.

New York City is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different U.S. district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx;[592] and the District Court for the Eastern District of New York, whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.[593] The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and U.S. Court of International Trade are based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan.[594][595]

Politics

Eric Adams, the current Mayor of New York City

The city's mayor is Eric Adams, who was elected in 2021 with 67% of the vote and assumed office on January 1, 2022.[596] The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of November 2023, 67% of active registered voters in the city are Democrats and 10.2% are Republicans.[597] New York City has not been carried by a Republican presidential candidate since President Calvin Coolidge won all five boroughs in 1924. A Republican candidate for statewide office has not won all five boroughs of the city since it was incorporated in 1898. In redistricting following the 2020 census, 14 of the 26 congressional districts in the state of New York include portions of New York City.[598]

New York City is the most important geographical source of political fundraising in the United States. From 2016 to 2020, eight of the ten ZIP Codes where residents gave the greatest number of maximum allowable contribution of $2,800 to congressional candidates were located in New York City.[599] The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). City residents and businesses also sent an additional $4.1 billion in the 2009–2010 fiscal year to the state of New York than the city received in return.[600]

International relations

Main article: List of sister cities of New York City

In 2006, the sister city program[601] was restructured and renamed New York City Global Partners. Through this program, New York City has expanded its international outreach to a network of cities worldwide. New York's historic sister cities are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.[602]

New York City Global Partners network

Africa

Accra, Ghana

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cairo, Egypt (1982)

Cape Town, South Africa

Lagos, Nigeria

Libreville, Gabon

Johannesburg, South Africa (2003)

Nairobi, Kenya

Asia

(East)

Bangkok, Thailand

Beijing, China (1980)

Biên Hòa, Vietnam

Changwon, South Korea

Chongqing, China[603]

Guangzhou, China

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Hong Kong, China

Jakarta, Indonesia

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[604]

Manila, Philippines

Seoul, South Korea

Shanghai, China

Shenyang, China

Singapore, Singapore

Taipei, Taiwan

Tokyo, Japan (1960)

(South)

Bangalore, India

Delhi, India

Dhaka, Bangladesh

Karachi, Pakistan

Mumbai, India

(West)

Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Istanbul, Turkey (transcontinental)

Jerusalem, Israel (1993)

Tel Aviv, Israel[605]

Australia

Melbourne, Australia

Sydney, Australia

Europe

(Central)

Berlin, Germany

Budapest, Hungary (1992)

Düsseldorf, Germany

Geneva, Switzerland

Hamburg, Germany

Heidelberg, Germany

Munich, Germany

Prague, Czech Republic

Vienna, Austria

Warsaw, Poland

(East)

Kyiv, Ukraine

Moscow, Russia

St. Petersburg, Russia

(North)

Copenhagen, Denmark

Helsinki, Finland

Oslo, Norway

Stockholm, Sweden

(South)

Barcelona, Spain

Bucharest, Romania

Istanbul, Turkey (transcontinental)

Lisbon, Portugal

Madrid, Spain (1982)

Milan, Italy

Pristina, Kosovo

Rome, Italy (1992)

(West)

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Antwerp, Belgium

Belfast, United Kingdom

Brussels, Belgium

Dublin, Ireland

Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Glasgow, United Kingdom

London, United Kingdom (2001)

Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

Lyon, France

Paris, France

Rotterdam, Netherlands

The Hague, Netherlands

North America

(Canada)

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

(Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean)

Cuernavaca, Morales, Mexico

Mexico City, Mexico

Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico

Panama City, Panama

Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (1983)

(United States)

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Chicago, Illinois, United States

Los Angeles, California, United States

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

South America

Bogotá, Colombia

Brasilia, Brazil (2004)

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Caracas, Venezuela

Córdoba, Argentina

Curitiba, Brazil

Lima, Peru

Medellín, Colombia

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Santiago, Chile

São Paulo, Brazil

People

Main article: List of people from New York City

See also

New York City portalNew York (state) portalUnited States portalCities portal

Index of New York City-related articles

Outline of New York City

Notes

^ The highest point in New York City is Todt Hill.

^ To distinguish it from the state of the same name

^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020

^ Official weather observations for Central Park were conducted at the Arsenal at Fifth Avenue and 64th Street from 1869 to 1919, and at Belvedere Castle since 1919.[203]

^ 1880 & 1890 figures include part of the Bronx. Beginning with 1900, figures are for consolidated city of five boroughs. Sources: 1698–1771,[234] 1790–1990,[93] 2000 and 2010 Censuses,[235] 2020 Census,[4] and 2022 estimate[236]

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^ Dutch Colonies, National Park Service. Retrieved May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan."

^ GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance, Tolerance Park. Retrieved February 9, 2017. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708.

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^ Binder, Frederick M.; Reimers, David M. (1996). All the Nations Under Heaven: An Ethnic and Racial History of New York City. Columbia University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-231-07879-X.

^ "Pieter Schaghen Letter". S4ulanguages.com. 1626. Retrieved October 28, 2021. "... hebben t'eylant Manhattes van de wilde gekocht, voor de waerde van 60 gulden: is groot 11000 morgen. ..." ("... They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders. It is 11,000 morgens in size ...)

^ "Value of the Guilder versus Euro". International Institute of Social History. Retrieved July 25, 2019.

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^ Eisenstadt, Peter; Moss, Laura-Eve; Huxley, Carole F. (2005). The Encyclopedia of New York State. Syracuse University Press. p. 1051. ISBN 978-0-8156-0808-0.

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^ Schenawolf, Harry. "Washington's Retreat Across New Jersey: A British Fox Chase", Revolutionary War Journal, August 5, 2019. Accessed December 31, 2023.

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^ "Finding Freedom: Deborah", Museum of the American Revolution, May 4, 2018. Accessed December 31, 2023. "They ran to the British Army which offered freedom to enslaved people owned by rebel masters based on the 1779 Philipsburg Proclamation issued by British General Henry Clinton. Historians estimate that 10,000 enslaved people sought freedom by escaping to the British during the Revolutionary War."

^ Goulet, L.; and Tsaltas-Otoomanelli, Mary. "Black Loyalists In The Evacuation Of New York City, 1783", The Gotham Center for New York City History, November 15, 2023. Accessed December 31, 2023. "By 1783, New York City had become the largest fugitive slave community in North America.... Free and self-emancipated Black people entered New York City during the British occupation seeking protection."

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^ a b c "New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War Online Exhibit". New-York Historical Society (physical exhibit). September 3, 2007. Archived from the original on April 14, 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2012.

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^ a b Gibson, Campbell; and Jung, Kay. Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States, United States Census Bureau, February 2005. Accessed January 16, 2024.

^ Shorto, Russell (February 9, 2004). "The Streets Where History Lives". The New York Times. Retrieved June 19, 2013.

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^ a b c d Harris, Leslie M. (2003). "The New York City Draft Riots". In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863. University of Chicago Press. Excerpted from pages 279–288. ISBN 9780226317755.

^ M.G. Leonard (January 20, 1847). "H. Doc. 29-54 - Paupers and criminals. Memorial of the Corporation of the City of New York, relative to the exportation from abroad of paupers and criminals. January 25, 1847. Read, and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary". GovInfo.gov. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 8–9. Retrieved June 22, 2023. 'Leaving their homes,' [immigrants] say, 'with the brightest prospects,' alluring representations presented to them of the blessed state of American life, a few scanty coins in their pockets, though feeling in the enjoyment of rugged health, and surrounded by their young and innocent offspring, little did they imagine the trials to which they would be exposed; but at length they discover to their sorrow, and very natural discontent, that the foul steerage of some ocean-tossed ship is to form the filthy receptacle of persons, crowded too with hordes of human beings, with scarcely space enough to contain the half of them—certainly not more that the quarter of them comfortably; and thus huddled together en masse, they become the "emigrant passengers" destined to this country.

^ a b McPherson, James M.; Hogue, James Keith (2001). Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 399. ISBN 978-0-07-743035-1.

^ Cook, Adrian (1974). The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 193–195. ISBN 9780813162553.

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^ Gates, Henry Louis Jr.; Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks (2009). Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-19-538795-7.

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^ a b Goicichea, Julia (August 16, 2017). "Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers". The Culture Trip. Retrieved February 2, 2019.

^ "Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562". National Park Service. Retrieved May 1, 2011.

^ Rosenberg, Eli (June 24, 2016). "Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement". The New York Times. Retrieved June 25, 2016.

^ Murphy, Timothy (2013). Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies. Routledge. p. 572. ISBN 978-1-135-94234-2.

^ "Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S." University of Kentucky. Archived from the original on November 18, 2019. Retrieved September 2, 2017.

^ Frizzell, Nell (June 28, 2013). "Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement". PinkNews. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

^ "Stonewall riots". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 31, 2017.

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^ "Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots". North Jersey Media Group. January 21, 2013. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.

^ a b Williams, Cristan (January 25, 2013). "So, what was Stonewall?". The TransAdvocate. Retrieved March 28, 2017.

^ Tannenbaum, Allan (February 2004). "New York in the 70s: A Remembrance". The Digital Journalist. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2011.

^ Roberts, Sam. "Infamous 'Drop Dead' Was Never Said by Ford", The New York Times, December 28, 2006. Accessed February 20, 2024. "Mr. Ford, on Oct. 29, 1975, gave a speech denying federal assistance to spare New York from bankruptcy. The front page of The Daily News the next day read: "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD."... Moreover, the speech spurred New York's civic, business and labor leaders to rally bankers in the United States and abroad, who feared their own investments would be harmed if New York defaulted on its debt."

^ Chan, Sewell. "Felix G. Rohatyn, Financier Who Piloted New York’s Rescue, Dies at 91", The New York Times, December 14, 2019. Accessed February 20, 2024. "For nearly two decades, from 1975 to 1993, as chairman of the state-appointed Municipal Assistance Corporation, Mr. Rohatyn had a say, often the final one, over taxes and spending in the nation's largest city, a degree of influence for an unelected official that rankled some critics. His efforts to meld private profit with the public good defined him: In the perception of many his name was synonymous with two institutions — the M.A.C., which was hastily created in 1975 to save the city from insolvency, and Lazard (formerly Lazard Frères), the storied investment firm that started as a dry-goods business in New Orleans in 1848."

^ Effgen, Christopher (September 11, 2001). "New York Crime Rates 1960–2009". Disastercenter.com. Retrieved October 28, 2010.

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^ Population, New York City Department of City Planning. Accessed January 27, 2024. "The enumerated population of New York City’s was 8,804,190 as of April 1, 2020, a record high population. This is an increase of 629,057 people since the 2010 Census."

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^ Williams, Keith. "We Know They're New York's Finest. But Why?", The New York Times, May 4, 2017. Accessed January 17, 2024. "The Police Department's slogan also came from a phrase with military origins: “the finest police force on the planet,” an adaptation of Gen. Joseph Hooker's 1863 claim that the Union forces were 'the finest army on the planet.' A similar phrase referring to police officers appeared in The Times in 1865. The police chief George Washington Matsell promoted the nickname in the early 1870s, Mr. Popik wrote; the 1882 play 'One of the Finest' cemented the label, which was condensed to 'New York's Finest' by 1889."

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^ Katersky, Aaron; Grant, Teddy. "NYPD safety team making high number of unlawful stops, mostly people of color: Report", ABC News, June 5, 2023. January 17, 2024. "A decade after the New York Police Department's stop-and-frisk tactic was deemed unconstitutional, the police are still unlawfully stopping and searching many people, particularly men of color, according to a new report issued Monday by a court-appointed monitor. The monitor, Mylan Denerstein, faulted certain units of the NYPD's Neighborhood Safety Teams (NST), which are meant to combat gun violence in high-crime areas.... Shortly after a U.S. District Court judge ruled in 2013 the policy violated the Constitution, then-NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg, in an op-ed in the Washington Post, pushed back against claims that stop-and-frisk promoted racial profiling."

^ Ehrenfreund, Max. "Donald Trump claims New York's stop-and-frisk policy reduced crime. The data disagree.", The Washington Post, September 22, 2016. Accessed January 17, 2024. "In 1990, there were nearly 31 homicides in the city for every 100,000 people — more than the average for other major American cities even in a year of frequent violence across the country. A decade later, that figure had declined by nearly 75 percent, to 8.4 homicides per 100,000 people. As New York police abruptly moved away from the practice of stop-and-frisk toward the end of Kelly's tenure in 2013, the rate of homicide continued to decline as it had previously."

^ Badger, Emily. "The Lasting Effects of Stop-and-Frisk in Bloomberg's New York", The New York Times, March 2, 2020, updated November 30, 2020. Accessed January 17, 2024. "In the years since Michael Bloomberg left the mayor's office in New York, the legacy of stop-and-frisk policing widely used during his administration has become clearer. Crime in the city continued to decline, suggesting that the aggressive use of police stops wasn't so essential to New York's safety after all."

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^ Cramer, Maria; Meko, Hurubie; and Marcius, Chelsia Rose. "Homicides and Shootings Fell in New York City as Felony Assaults Rose", The New York Times, January 3, 2024. Accessed January 15, 2024. "There were 386 homicides in 2023, a 12 percent drop from 2022."

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^ "Department of Finance Publishes Fiscal Year 2017 Tentative Assessment Roll" (PDF). New York City Department of Finance. January 15, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2021. Today, Jacques Jiha, Commissioner for the Department of Finance, announced the publication of the Tentative Property Assessment Roll for fiscal year 2017, which shows the total Market Value for the upcoming year at about $1.072 trillion, an increase of $102.5 billion, or 10.6 percent from the 2016 Fiscal Year.

^ Boonshoft, Michael. "New York's Fifth Avenue Retains Its Top Ranking As The World's Most Expensive Retail Destination", Cushman & Wakefield, November 20, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "New York's Fifth Avenue retains its top ranking as the world's most expensive retail destination, despite recording flat rental growth year-over-year (YOY)."

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^ Zaveri, Mihir. "New York City’s Housing Crunch Is the Worst It Has Been in Over 50 Years Only 1.4 percent of the city’s rentals were available in 2023, according to new data, the lowest portion since 1968. The market was even tighter for lower-cost apartments.", The New York Times, February 8, 2024. Accessed February 9, 2024. "The portion of rentals that were vacant and available dropped to a startling 1.4 percent in 2023, according to city data released on Thursday. It was the lowest vacancy rate since 1968 and shows just how drastically home construction lags behind the demand from people who want to live in the city.... Then, that number — about 33,210 units in 2023 — is divided by the roughly 2.3 million total rental homes in the city that are either available or occupied by tenants. The vacancy rate dropped to 1.4 percent even as the city added some 60,000 homes over the past two years, according to the city data."

^ "NYC & Company is now New York City Tourism + Conventions", Travel Weekly, March 28, 2023. Accessed January 17, 2024. "New York City's official destination marketing organization has changed its name to New York City Tourism + Conventions, dropping the NYC & Company name it's held since 1999."

^ a b The Tourism Industry in New York City Reigniting the Return, New York State Comptroller Thomas DiNapoli, April 2021. Accessed December 29, 2023. "After reaching a record high of 66.6 million visitors in 2019 and generating $47.4 billion in spending, the number of visitors to New York City dropped by 67 percent and their spending declined by 73 percent in 2020.... New York City hosted 66.6 million visitors in 2019 (about 25 percent of the State's 265.5 million visitors that year), a tenth-consecutive annual record. In 2020, the pandemic and related behavioral and governmental restrictions caused the number to drop to 22.3 million, a 67 percent reduction (see Figure 1)."

^ "History in Photos: New York is the Most Photographed City in the World". January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2022. Not eliminate how many photos you have done well with your digital cameras, cell phones, and smartphones. And also in the professional area, New York has a non-sealing charm for filmmakers and photographers..Every year, there are 40,000 shoots for advertising, cinema films, TV shows, series, music videos, documentation. New York is considered the most photographed city in the world. And yet photographers, again and again, manage to take a new perspective in the megacity, to avoid an unusual motif to create an optics that fascinates.

^ "The Most Photographed Places In The World Based On Traveler Data". Expedia. Retrieved December 3, 2022. With visitors taking a slice of the Big Apple back home on their camera reel, it's hardly surprising that New York is the most photographed city in the world.

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^ Reed, Ted. "In a Queens Miracle, New York LaGuardia Airport Goes From Loser to Winner", Airline Weekly, March 21, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2023. "Throughout a troubled 2022, the pandemic exposed many fragilities in a troubled U.S. airline industry, but it also enabled a widely recognized miracle in the $8 billion resurrection of New York LaGuardia Airport. Once widely viewed as a hellhole, LaGuardia was transformed.... Transformation involved rebuilding two terminals, each costing about $4 billion, as well as about five miles of roadway. Terminal B has 35 gates, occupied by American and four other airlines. Work began in 2016 and was completed on July 8, 2022, the exact day specified in a bond offering six years earlier. Terminal C, occupied and financed by Delta Air Lines, will have 37 gates. Work began in 2017 and is largely finished, with completion by the end of the year."

^ McGeehan, Patrick. "La Guardia Airport to Be Overhauled by 2021, Cuomo and Biden Say", The New York Times, July 27, 2015. Accessed January 15, 2024. "He said he took it personally when, in February 2014, Mr. Biden likened La Guardia to something a traveler might find 'in a third world country.'"

^ via Associated Press. "Biden Compares La Guardia Airport to 'Third World'", The New York Times, February 6, 2014. Accessed January 15, 2024. "Vice President Joseph R. Biden says La Guardia Airport in New York could use some major improvements — and that is putting it mildly. Mr. Biden said that if he blindfolded someone and took him to La Guardia, the person would think he was in 'some third world country.'"

^ The Project, A Whole New LGA. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The $8 billion project, two-thirds of which is funded through private financing and existing passenger fees, broke ground in 2016."

^ Strunsky, Steve (May 31, 2012). "Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger traffic". NJ.com. New Jersey On-Line LLC. Retrieved July 30, 2012.

^ Sanders, Anna (September 20, 2016). "Staten Island Ferry ridershilip breaks record". SILive.com. Retrieved December 31, 2016.

^ "Staten Island Ferry". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. September 18, 2017.

^ Rosenberg, Zoe (April 17, 2017). "First of New York's citywide ferries arrives in Brooklyn Bridge Park". Curbed New York, Vox Media. Retrieved April 17, 2017.

^ Yellow Cab, New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Taxicabs are the only vehicles that have the right to pick up street-hailing and prearranged passengers anywhere in New York City. By law, there are 13,587 taxis in New York City and each taxi must have a medallion affixed to it."

^ Green Cab, New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Street-hail Liveries, also known as green cabs, are For-Hire Vehicles that are permitted to accept street-hails. In exchange, Street-Hail Liveries may not operate in the Hail Exclusionary Zone, south of West 110th St and East 96th St."

^ TLC Factbook, New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission, updated December 18, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024.

^ "Mayor Adams, TLC Announce new Rules to Require City's Rideshare Vehicles to be Zero-Emission, Wheelchair Accessible by 2030", Mayor of New York City Eric Adams, August 16, 2023. Accessed January 14, 2024. "Both Uber and Lyft, which together comprise New York City's high-volume for-hire fleet of approximately 78,000 vehicles, have committed to transitioning to a greener fleet by 2030."

^ History, Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The original Roosevelt Island aerial tramway - the first tram in the country to be used for urban transportation – was opened in May 1976."

^ Aerial Tramway Vital Statistics, Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation. Accessed January 13, 2024. "The Tram travels between the Manhattan station at 2nd Avenue between 59th and 60th streets and the Tram station on Roosevelt Island. It travels a distance of 3,140 feet at a speed of up to 17 miles per hour in less than three (3) minutes. It rises to a maximum height of 230 feet and can carry a maximum of 109 passengers plus an attendant per cabin. The system annually transports more than two million passengers."

^ Plitt, Amy; Ricciulli, Valeria (August 15, 2019). "New York City's streets are 'more congested than ever': report". Curbed. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ Barr, Jason M. (September 5, 2019). "Solving the city's traffic nightmares". Crain Communications. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ Wamsley, Laurel (April 2, 2019). "New York Is Set To Be First U.S. City To Impose Congestion Pricing". NPR. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ Hilburg, Jonathan (July 15, 2020). "Federal government delays NYC congestion pricing by at least a year". The Architect's Newspaper. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ Robbins, Christopher (July 15, 2020). "Congestion Pricing's Failure A "Shining Example" Of Government Dysfunction". Gothamist. Archived from the original on September 30, 2020. Retrieved August 16, 2020.

^ "Chapter 4: Traffic Control". New York State Department of Motor Vehicles. November 25, 2013. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ a b "Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ a b Woodruff, Bod; Zak, Lana; Wash, Stephanie (November 20, 2012). "GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge". ABC News. Retrieved January 16, 2022.

^ "Longest Suspension Bridges in the World". Pearson Education. Retrieved September 7, 2012.

^ "Verrazano-Narrows Bridge". Eastern Roads. Retrieved September 7, 2012.

^ Today in History – June 12: Roebling and the Brooklyn Bridge, Library of Congress. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Brooklyn Bridge, Roebling's last and greatest achievement, spans New York's East River to connect Manhattan with Brooklyn. When completed in 1883, the bridge, with its massive stone towers and a main span of 1,595.5 feet between them, was by far the longest suspension bridge in the world."

^ Williamsburg Bridge, American Society of Civil Engineers. Accessed July 30, 2023. "When opened in 1903, the 1,600 foot long main span of the Williamsburg Bridge was the world's longest suspension span, surpassing the nearby Brooklyn Bridge by only 4.5 feet."

^ Queensboro Bridge, American Society of Civil Engineers. Accessed July 30, 2023. "The Queensboro Bridge was the longest cantilever span in North America (1,182 feet) from 1909 until the Quebec Bridge opened in 1917 and the longest in the United States until 1930."

^ Manhattan Bridge, American Society of Civil Engineers Metropolitan Section. Accessed July 30, 2023. "As the first suspension bridge to use the deflection theory, it is considered to be the forerunner of modern suspension bridges and served as the model for the major long-span suspension bridges built in the first half of the twentieth century."

^ "Lincoln Tunnel Historic Overview". Eastern Roads. Retrieved August 13, 2014.

^ Holland Tunnel (I-78). Nycroads.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014.

^ "Holland Tunnel". National Historic Landmark Quicklinks. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 29, 2014. Retrieved August 13, 2014.

^ "Queens-Midtown Tunnel Historic Overview". Eastern Roads. Retrieved August 13, 2014.

^ Hugh L. Carey Tunnel, Metropolitan Transportation Authority, updated July 10, 2023. Accessed January 16, 2024. "When the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel (formerly Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel) opened in 1950, it was the longest continuous underwater vehicular tunnel in North America. It still is.... On the Brooklyn side is the community of South Brooklyn, comprising the Red Hook, Columbia Terrace, Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, and Boerum Hill districts.... The Manhattan end of the tunnel leads to the Wall Street area, the South Street Seaport, City Hall/Civic Center, Battery Park City, the World Trade Center site, and the World Financial Center."

^ "Forms of Municipal Government". National League of Cities. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.

^ "About the Council". New York City Council. Archived from the original on December 8, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.

^ Chan, Sewell; Hicks, Jonathan P. (October 23, 2008). "Council Votes, 29 to 22, to Extend Term Limits". The New York Times. Retrieved February 13, 2012.

^ Gibson, Ellen M.; Manz, William H. (2004). Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide (PDF) (3rd ed.). Wm. S. Hein Publishing. pp. 450, 458, 473. ISBN 978-1-57588-728-9. LCCN 2004042477. OCLC 54455036.

^ Durkin, Erin (May 26, 2014). "Councilman Ben Kallos wants city to publish government notices on its website". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2018.

^ Welcome, District Court for the Southern District of New York. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York encompasses the counties of New York, Bronx, Westchester, Rockland, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, and Sullivan and draws jurors from those counties."

^ Home Page, District Court for the Eastern District of New York. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The district comprises the counties of Kings, Nassau, Queens, Richmond, and Suffolk and concurrently with the Southern District, the waters within the counties of Bronx and New York."

^ About the Court, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Accessed January 15, 2024. "The Second Circuit Court of Appeals sits in New York City at the Thurgood Marshall U.S. Courthouse in lower Manhattan."

^ Court Address & Directory, U.S. Court of International Trade. Accessed January 15, 2024.

^ "New York City Mayor", CNN. Accessed January 15, 2024.

^ NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status Voters Registered as of November 01, 2023, New York State Board of Elections, November 1, 2023. Accessed January 15, 2024.

^ Boschma, Janie; Rigdon, Renée; Manley, Byron; and Cohen, Ethan. "Redistricting in New York", CNN, November 8, 2022. Accessed January 15, 2024.

^ Lincoln, Taylor. The Wells of the Congress, Public Citizen, January 18, 2022. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Eight of the 10 zip codes giving the most in maxed-out contributions are located in New York City and, specifically, in Manhattan."

^ "Downstate Pays More, Upstate Gets More: Does It Matter?". The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government—The Public Policy Research Arm of the State University of New York. December 2011. Archived from the original on May 1, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2019.

^ "History". nyc.gov. Archived from the original on February 27, 2003. Retrieved March 22, 2022.

^ "NYC's Partner Cities". The City of New York. Archived from the original on August 14, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2015.

^ "K1084-2011: Recognizing Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality of the People's Republic of China as a "Sister City" with New York City". New York State Senate. Retrieved December 16, 2012.

^ "KL's Sister Cities". poskod.my. October 21, 2010. Archived from the original on August 30, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.

^ "(Israel) Sister Cities". Tel Aviv. Archived from the original on October 1, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.

Further reading

Belden, E. Porter (1849). New York, Past, Present, and Future: Comprising a History of the City of New York, a Description of its Present Condition, and an Estimate of its Future Increase. G.P. Putnam.

Burgess, Anthony (1976). New York. Little, Brown & Co. ISBN 978-90-6182-266-0.

Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8.

Federal Writers' Project (1939). The WPA Guide to New York City (1995 reissue ed.). The New Press. ISBN 978-1-56584-321-9.

Holli, Melvin G., and Jones, Peter d'A., eds. Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, 1820-1980 (Greenwood Press, 1981) short scholarly biographies each of the city's mayors 1820 to 1980. online; see index at p. 410 for list.

Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055366.

Jackson, Kenneth T.; Dunbar, David S., eds. (2005). Empire City: New York Through the Centuries. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10909-3.

Lankevich, George L. (1998). American Metropolis: A History of New York City. NYU Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-5186-2.

White, E.B. (1949). Here is New York (2000 reissue ed.). Little Bookroom.

White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot (2000). AIA Guide to New York City (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-8129-3107-5.

Whitehead, Colson (2003). The Colossus of New York: A City in 13 Parts. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-50794-3.

External links

Official website

NYC Go – official tourism website

New York City at Curlie

Geographic data related to New York City at OpenStreetMap

Collections – 145,000 NYC photographs at the Museum of the City of New York

"The New New York Skyline (interactive)". National Geographic. November 2015.

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vteRegions of New YorkDownstate

New York City

Long Island

Hudson Valley (lower)

Upstate

Hudson Valley (upper)

Capital District

North Country

Southern Tier

Mohawk Valley

Central New York

Finger Lakes

Western New York

Administrative divisions

Counties

Cities

Towns

Indian reservations

Villages

Census-designated places

Places (including hamlets)

Timelines of town creation

Downstate New York

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Capital District

North Country

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Southern Tier

Western New York

Category

vte Summer Paralympic Games host cities

1960: Rome

1964: Tokyo

1968: Tel Aviv

1972: Heidelberg

1976: Toronto

1980: Arnhem

1984: New York City / Stoke Mandeville

1988: Seoul

1992: Barcelona / Madrid

1996: Atlanta

2000: Sydney

2004: Athens

2008: Beijing

2012: London

2016: Rio de Janeiro

2020: Tokyo

2024: Paris

2028: Los Angeles

2032: Brisbane

vteLocation of the capital of the United StatesTemporary capitals

Philadelphia (1776; 1777; 1778–1783; 1791–1800)

Baltimore (1776–77)

Lancaster (1777)

York (1777–78)

Princeton (1783)

Annapolis (1783–84)

Trenton (1784–85)

New York City (1785–1791)

Permanent capital

Washington, D.C. (since 1800)

vteNortheast megalopolis major urban regionsCore cities are metropolitan core cities of at least a million people. The other areas are urban areas of cities that have an urban area of 150,000+ or of a metropolitan area of at least 250,000+. Satellite cities are in italics.Mid-AtlanticCore cities

Baltimore

city

Delaware Valley

Philadelphia

Camden

Wilmington

Hampton Roads

Virginia Beach

Norfolk

Newport News

New York

city

Newark

Jersey City

Paterson

Elizabeth

Richmond

city

Washington

city

Arlington

Alexandria

Other areas

Atlantic City

Hagerstown

city

Harrisburg

city

Lancaster

Lehigh Valley

Allentown–Bethlehem-Easton

Northeastern Pennsylvania

Scranton/Wilkes-Barre

Poughkeepsie–Newburgh

city 1

city 2

Reading

Salisbury

city

Trenton

York

Combined areas

Washington–Baltimore

New EnglandCore cities

Boston

city

Cambridge

Hartford

city

Providence

city

Other areas

Barnstable

Bridgeport–Stamford–Norwalk

city 1

city 2

city 3

Danbury

city

Manchester

Nashua

New Bedford

New Haven

city

Norwich–New London

Portland

city

Springfield

city

Waterbury

Worcester

Combined areas

Boston–Providence

Bridgeport–Stamford–New Haven

Hartford–Springfield

Other megaregions

vteHudson River watershedTributaries

Batavia Kill

Batten Kill

Birch Creek

Black Meadow Creek

Boreas River

Bowery Creek

Bowmans Creek

Breakneck Brook

Brimstone Creek

Canajoharie Creek

Caroga Creek

Casperkill

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East Branch Croton River

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Fulmer Creek

Hannacrois Creek

Honnedaga Brook

Hoosic River

Indian River

Jackson Creek

Jan De Bakkers Kill

Kaaterskill Creek

Kayaderosseras

Kinderhook Creek

Kisco River

Lake Creek

Little Shawangunk Kill

Maritje Kill

Miami River

Mill Creek

Mohawk River

Moodna Creek

Moordener Kill

Moyer Creek

Muddy Kill

Neepaulakating Creek

Normans Kill

Nowadaga Creek

Ohisa Creek

Onesquethaw Creek

Opalescent River

Oriskany Creek

Otsquago Creek

Otter Kill

Papakating Creek

Peekskill Hollow Creek

Plattekill Creek

Platter Kill

Pocantico River

Pochuck Creek

Poesten Kill

Potic Creek

Quassaick Creek

Roeliff Jansen Kill

Rondout Creek

Sacandaga River

Sauquoit Creek

Saw Kill

Saw Mill River

Sawyer Kill

Schoharie Creek

Schroon River

Shawangunk Kill

Sparkill Creek

Sprout Creek

Steele Creek

Stockport Creek

Stony Clove Creek

Taghkanic Creek

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Tin Brook

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Landmarks

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The Palisades

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Statue of Liberty

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vteMegacitiesAfrica (4)

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Asia (33)

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Europe (4)

Istanbul

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Paris

North America (3)

Los Angeles

Mexico City

New York City

South America (5)

Bogotá

Buenos Aires

Lima

Rio de Janeiro

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 Cities portal

vteNortheastern United StatesTopics

Culture

Geography

Government

History

States

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Vermont

Federal districts

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Major cities

Allentown

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Boston

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Elizabeth

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New York City

Newark

Paterson

Philadelphia

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Portland

Providence

Quincy

Reading

Rochester

Scranton

Springfield

Stamford

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Washington, D.C.

Waterbury

Wilmington

Worcester

State capitals

Albany

Annapolis

Augusta

Boston

Concord

Dover

Hartford

Harrisburg

Montpelier

Providence

Trenton

See also

Northeast megalopolis

vteThe 100 most populous cities of the United States   

New York, New York

Los Angeles, California

Chicago, Illinois

Houston, Texas

Phoenix, Arizona

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

San Antonio, Texas

Dallas, Texas

San Diego, California

Austin, Texas

Jacksonville, Florida

San Jose, California

Fort Worth, Texas

Columbus, Ohio

Charlotte, North Carolina

Indianapolis, Indiana

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Washington, D.C.

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Baltimore, Maryland

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Fresno, California

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Mesa, Arizona

Kansas City, Missouri

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Raleigh, North Carolina

Virginia Beach, Virginia

Long Beach, California

Miami, Florida

Oakland, California

Minneapolis, Minnesota

Tulsa, Oklahoma

Bakersfield, California

Tampa, Florida

Wichita, Kansas

Arlington, Texas

Aurora, Colorado

New Orleans, Louisiana

Cleveland, Ohio

Anaheim, California

Honolulu, Hawaii

Henderson, Nevada

Stockton, California

Riverside, California

Lexington, Kentucky

Corpus Christi, Texas

Orlando, Florida

Irvine, California

Cincinnati, Ohio

Santa Ana, California

Newark, New Jersey

Saint Paul, Minnesota

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Greensboro, North Carolina

Lincoln, Nebraska

Durham, North Carolina

Plano, Texas

Anchorage, Alaska

Jersey City, New Jersey

St. Louis, Missouri

Chandler, Arizona

North Las Vegas, Nevada

Chula Vista, California

Buffalo, New York

Gilbert, Arizona

Reno, Nevada

Madison, Wisconsin

Fort Wayne, Indiana

Toledo, Ohio

Lubbock, Texas

St. Petersburg, Florida

Laredo, Texas

Irving, Texas

Chesapeake, Virginia

Glendale, Arizona

Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Scottsdale, Arizona

Garland, Texas

Boise, Idaho

Norfolk, Virginia

Port St. Lucie, Florida

Spokane, Washington

Richmond, Virginia

Fremont, California

Huntsville, Alabama

Cities ranked by United States Census Bureau population estimates for July 1, 2022.

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纽约 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

纽约 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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1市名

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1.1暱稱

2历史

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2.1早期历史

2.2现代历史

3地理

开关地理子章节

3.1氣候

4城市风光

5人口

开关人口子章节

5.1建築

5.2公園

5.2.1纽约州立公园

5.2.2纽约市立公园

5.3行政区划

6文化与生活

开关文化与生活子章节

6.1娛樂與表演藝術

6.2旅游

6.3媒體

6.4飲食

6.5方言

6.6體育

7教育

8经济

开关经济子章节

8.1华尔街

9房地产

10法律与政治

开关法律与政治子章节

10.1環境

10.2治安

11交通

12军事

13國際交流

开关國際交流子章节

13.1友好城市

13.2全球推广网络

14人文景观

15參見

16注释

17参考资料

18外部链接

开关目录

纽约

250种语言

AfrikaansAlemannischአማርኛAragonésÆngliscالعربيةܐܪܡܝܐالدارجةمصرىঅসমীয়াAsturianuАварअवधीAymar aruAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهБашҡортсаBasa BaliBoarischŽemaitėškaBikol CentralБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)БългарскиभोजपुरीBislamaBanjarBamanankanবাংলাབོད་ཡིགBrezhonegBosanskiBasa UgiБуряадCatalàChavacano de Zamboanga閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄НохчийнCebuanoChamoruکوردیCorsuQırımtatarcaČeštinaСловѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟЧӑвашлаCymraegDanskDagbanliDeutschZazakiDolnoserbskiडोटेलीEʋegbeΕλληνικάEmiliàn e rumagnòlEnglishEsperantoEspañolEestiEuskaraEstremeñuفارسیSuomiVõroNa Vosa VakavitiFøroysktFrançaisArpetanNordfriiskFurlanFryskGaeilgeGagauz贛語Kriyòl gwiyannenGàidhligGalegoگیلکیAvañe'ẽગુજરાતીGaelgHausa客家語/Hak-kâ-ngîעבריתहिन्दीFiji HindiHrvatskiHornjoserbsceKreyòl ayisyenMagyarՀայերենԱրեւմտահայերէնInterlinguaBahasa IndonesiaInterlingueIgboIñupiatunIlokanoГӀалгӀайIdoÍslenskaItaliano日本語PatoisLa .lojban.JawaქართულიQaraqalpaqshaTaqbaylitKabɩyɛGĩkũyũҚазақшаភាសាខ្មែរಕನ್ನಡ한국어Къарачай-малкъарकॉशुर / کٲشُرKurdîKernowekКыргызчаLatinaLadinoLëtzebuergeschЛезгиLingua Franca NovaLimburgsLigureLadinLombardLingálaລາວLietuviųLatviešuमैथिलीBasa BanyumasanМокшеньMalagasyОлык марийMāoriMinangkabauМакедонскиമലയാളംМонголꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟमराठीКырык марыBahasa MelayuMaltiMirandésမြန်မာဘာသာЭрзяньمازِرونیNapulitanoPlattdüütschNedersaksiesनेपालीनेपाल भाषाNederlandsNorsk nynorskNorsk bokmålNovialNouormandSesotho sa LeboaDiné bizaadChi-ChewaOccitanLivvinkarjalaИронਪੰਜਾਬੀKapampanganPapiamentuPicardDeitschPälzischNorfuk / PitkernPolskiPiemontèisپنجابیپښتوPortuguêsRuna SimiRumantschRomani čhibRomânăArmãneashtiTarandíneРусскийРусиньскыйसंस्कृतम्Саха тылаᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤSarduSicilianuScotsسنڌيSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиTaclḥitසිංහලSimple EnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaGagana SamoaAnarâškielâSoomaaligaShqipСрпски / srpskiSranantongoSeelterskSundaSvenskaKiswahiliŚlůnskiதமிழ்తెలుగుТоҷикӣไทยTürkmençeTagalogTolışiLea faka-TongaTok PisinTürkçeТатарча / tatarçaTwiReo tahitiУдмуртئۇيغۇرچە / UyghurcheУкраїнськаاردوOʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаVènetoVepsän kel’Tiếng ViệtWest-VlamsVolapükWalonWinaray吴语ХальмгმარგალურიייִדישYorùbáVahcuenghZeêuws文言Bân-lâm-gú粵語IsiZulu

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  关于与「纽约」標題相近或相同的条目页,請見「纽约 (消歧義)」。

紐約New York市紐約市City of New York紐約意象:從上方依序為: 曼哈頓、中央公園、法拉盛草坪公園大地球仪、布魯克林大橋、 大中央總站、自由女神像、聯合國總部大樓、 時報廣場

旗幟圖章標誌紐約市在紐約州的位置紐約紐約市在美國的位置坐标:40°42′N 74°00′W / 40.7°N 74°W / 40.7; -74[1]国家 美國州 纽约州县 皇后县 曼哈顿 史泰登岛 布朗克斯 布鲁克林历史殖民地 英属纽约省 新尼德兰定居1624年建制1898年政府[2] • 类型市长议会制 • 行政机构纽约市议会 • 市长艾瑞克·亞當斯(民主黨)面积[1] • 总计468.484 平方英里(1,000 平方公里) • 陸地302.643 平方英里(800 平方公里) • 水域165.841 平方英里(400 平方公里) • 都會區13,318 平方英里(30,000 平方公里)海拔[3]33 英尺(10 公尺)人口(2020年估计)[6] • 总计8,804,190人 • 排名美国第1位 • 密度27,751人/平方英里(10,715人/平方公里) • 都會區19,979,477[4] • 联合统计区22,679,948[5]时区东部时间(UTC-5) • 夏时制东部日光节约时间(UTC-4)邮政编码100xx–104xx、11004–05、111xx–114xx、116xx電話區號212、347、646、718、917、929FIPS代码36-51000GNIS代码975772網站www.nyc.gov

「纽约」的各地常用名稱旧译鳥約、鳥約市日本汉字紐育市 、紐約市[7]

纽约市(英語:The City of New York 或 New York City,缩写为 NYC),通稱紐約(英語:New York),位於美國紐約州南端(非纽约州首府),為美國人口最多的城市、紐約都會區的核心、以及世界最大的城市之一,是对全球的经济、商业、金融、媒体、政治、教育和娱乐具有极大影响力的国际大都会。纽约还是聯合國總部所在地[8],因此也被认为是世界外交的中心[9]。紐約也被稱為世界上最重要的城市和「世界首都」[10][11][12]。

纽约位於美國東北部,濱臨大西洋海岸,坐拥世界上最大天然港口之一的纽约和紐澤西港[13]。纽约市共有曼哈頓区、皇后区、布魯克林区、布朗克斯區、斯塔滕岛区等5个行政區,每一个行政区也各自是纽约州的一个县(英语:Administrative divisions of New York (state))[14]。1898年,五个行政区合并为现在的纽约市[15]。紐約也是全美國人口最密集的主要城市[16],2012年有8,336,697人居住于302.64平方英里(783.8平方公里)的土地上[17]。纽约都市区在全美的都會區中也高居第一,人口达到1980万[18],同时也是全美最大的联合统计区(英语:List of Combined Statistical Areas)的一部分,在大区中人口达到2340万[19]。纽约也是美國语言和人口族群最为多元化的城市[20][21],在此使用的语言达到800种[22][23],而在2005年,全市有36%的人口是非美国出生的。

纽约的历史可以追溯至1624年,荷兰殖民者在这时候在此地建立贸易站,名为新阿姆斯特丹[24]。1664年,纽约及其周边地区为英国所占[24][25][26]。美國建國後,紐約在1785年—1790年為首都[27],1790年,纽约取代费城成为美国第一大城市[28]。纽约市的标志自由女神像在19世纪末20世纪初迎接了数百万移民的到来[29],它同时也是美国及其民主制度的象征[30]。

每年来到纽约的游客达到5500万[31],许多区域和地标为人们所熟知。不同媒体還將紐約选为世界上被拍照最多的城市[32][33][34]。時報廣場位于百老汇剧院区枢纽[35],有“美國十字路口”之譽[36],是世界上行人来往最密集的步行地段之一[37][38]和世界娱乐产业的中心之一[39]。城中的许多桥梁、高楼[40]和公园世界闻名。纽约的金融区以曼哈顿下城的华尔街为龙头,有世界金融中心之稱[41][42],世界上最大的证券交易所(按上市公司市值)纽约证券交易所也位于此地[43]。曼哈顿的房地产是世界上最为昂贵的之一[44],其唐人街是西半球最为密集的华人聚居地[45][46]。纽约地铁是世界上最为发达的城市交通系统之一,提供24小時不間斷的服务[47]。纽约同时还是许多高等学府的所在地[48],其中包括常春藤聯盟的哥伦比亚大学以及纽约大学這兩所世界排名前30的学校[49]。

市名[编辑]

雖然一般寫作「New York City」,「NYC」的簡稱也在市區隨處可見,但「City of New York」才是纽约的官方名稱。紐約(New York)意為「新約克」——約克則是英國一處地名。來自英國約克郡的新移民們為了紀念当时的約克公爵,也就是日后的英國國王詹姆士二世[50],故得此名。紐約市的市徽,則有紐約的拉丁語名稱「Novum Eboracum」[51],直譯為「新埃伯拉肯」,「埃伯拉肯」就是約克在羅馬帝國時期的拉丁語舊名。

汉语“纽约”译名首先由清末派遣出国的蒲安臣使团记名海关道志刚[52]在其1872年出版的《初始泰西记》中使用;早期还有“纽约克”“新约克”等翻译[53]。

暱稱[编辑]

纽约市的昵称“大苹果”(The Big Apple)源自1920年代。当时《纽约晨递报》的记者约翰·J·菲茨杰拉德在撰写赛马专栏时将纽约称作“大苹果”,以喻示该城在赛马业中的显赫地位,人人都愿追逐之。这一名称逐渐变得不再流行,但在1970年代时,纽约旅游局的宣传攻势重新将“大苹果”带回流行文化中。这一昵称便流行至今[54]。

纽约市的另一个昵称是“哥谭”(Gotham),最初由华盛顿·欧文在他的作品中提出,后来这一名称在蝙蝠侠漫画中作为其背景而发扬光大[55]。

纽约还被称作“不夜城”(The City That Never Sleeps),这一称号最早来自韦恩堡的一篇新闻报道[56],后来为马丁·斯科塞斯1977年电影《纽约,纽约》的同名主题曲所发扬光大[57]。

有些歌曲中,也會提到及宣傳紐約,例如:美國饒舌歌手杰斯與美國歌手艾莉西亚·凯斯合作的歌曲《帝國之心》,以及美國創作歌手泰勒絲的歌曲《歡迎光臨紐約》。

历史[编辑]

主条目:紐約市歷史

早期历史[编辑]

在前殖民时期,纽约现今所在的地区为阿尔冈昆部落所居。勒納佩人(英语:Lenape)是其中的一支,他们居住在斯塔滕岛、长岛西部(包括现今的布鲁克林区和皇后区)、曼哈顿及下哈德逊河河谷(包括布朗克斯区)[58]。

1524年,喬瓦尼·達韋拉扎諾成为第一个历史记载的造访纽约的欧洲人。達韋拉扎諾是一名来自佛罗伦萨的探险者,效忠于法国。他乘着太子妃号(英语:La Dauphine)进入今日的纽约港区,宣布此地为法国所有,并将之命名为新昂古莱姆(Nouvelle Angoulême)[59]。

西班牙探索者在葡萄牙人埃斯特万·戈麦斯(英语:Estêvão Gomes)(效忠神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理五世)的带领下于1525年到达纽约港,并探索哈德逊河河口。他将之命名为“圣安东尼奥河”(Rio de San Antonio)。河流封冻使他无法继续向上游探索,于是他于8月返回西班牙。在他的探索指引下,1527年的西班牙皇家地图(英语:Padrón Real)成为第一张科学描绘北美东海岸的世界地图。为了纪念他的贡献,这张地图将今美国东北部称作“埃斯特万·戈麦斯地”[60]。

1609年,英国探险者亨利·哈德逊在帮助荷兰东印度公司探索西北水道寻找通往东洋航路的过程中将半月号驶入纽约港,从而重新发现这一地区[61]。他将通往内陆的水路称为“北河”,即今日的哈德逊河。他认为这是一条通往海洋的支流,于是一直航行到今日的纽约州州府奥尔巴尼,但发现河道逐渐变窄且盐水逐渐消失,证明这条河流并不通往海洋,于是转航回到下游。他在这一地区探索了十日,并宣布此地为他的雇主所有。1614年,荷兰将鳕鱼角和特拉华湾之间的区域归为己有,称之为“新尼德兰”(Nieuw-Nederland)[62]。

新阿姆斯特丹位于今曼哈顿下城,1664年英格兰夺取此地,更名为“纽约”

1624年,荷兰人在總督島建立皮草贸易点,由此欧洲人在新尼德兰开始正式的永久居留。1625年在曼哈顿岛上开始兴建“阿姆斯特丹堡”,后称作“新阿姆斯特丹”(Nieuw Amsterdam)[63][64]。荷兰殖民总督彼得·米纽特(英语:Peter Minuit)于1626年从勒納佩人[65]处以60荷兰盾[66](2006年约为1000美元)购得曼哈顿岛[67],因此以价值24美元的玻璃珠购得曼哈顿的传闻并不符实[68][69]。

1664年,新尼德兰总督彼得·斯特伊维桑特(英语:Peter Stuyvesant)投降,将新阿姆斯特丹拱手让给英国人。英国人随即将此地更名为“纽约”,以海军大臣约克公爵(即日后的詹姆士二世)命名[50]。第二次英荷战争结束后,英国正式获取新阿姆斯特丹(纽约),以与荷兰交换印度尼西亚的伦岛。原住民之间的内战和欧洲殖民者带来的疾病使得勒納佩人的数量在1660年至1670年间大幅减少[70]。至1770年,勒納佩人的数量已经下降至200人。[71]。

1702年,由于黄热病,纽约失去10%的人口[72]。在1702至1800年间,纽约总共遭遇七次黄热病的侵袭[73]。

18世纪初,作为贸易港的纽约在英国统治下逐渐兴旺。同时,纽约还成为了奴隶制的中心,1730年有42%的家庭拥有奴隶,在殖民地中仅次于南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿。[74]。大部分奴隶主拥有家奴,另一部分则将他们送出做工。奴隶制成为纽约经济的重要组成部分,大量奴隶在港口、银行和船运业工作。20世纪90年代,在建造新联邦政府大楼时发现非洲人埋葬地(英语:African Burial Ground),其中埋葬着成千上万殖民时代的非裔人。

1735年的在曼哈顿审判的曾格案件使出版自由在北美得到奠定。1754年,哥伦比亚大学根据乔治二世的宪章在曼哈顿下城建立起来,当时名为国王学院[75]。印花税法国会(英语:Stamp Act Congress)于1765年10月在纽约集结。自由之子在同一时期组织起来,在接下来的十年中与英国驻军频繁发生冲突。

长岛会战于1776年在布鲁克林展开,是美国独立战争中规模最大的战役

美国独立战争中规模最大的战役长岛会战于1776年8月在今日的布鲁克林区内进行。美国在此战中失败,由此在纽约的军事冲突减少,该城也成为英国在北美的军事和政治中心。纽约此时成为保皇派(英语:Loyalist (American Revolution))和脱逃奴隶(英国承诺给予加入本方的脱逃奴隶自由)的庇护所,至少10,000名脱逃奴隶在英国占领纽约时涌入城内。1783年撤离日(英语:Evacuation Day (New York))英国从纽约撤出(纽约也是英国最后一个撤离的港口),并将3,000名获得自由的奴隶安置到新斯科舍。其他自由奴隶则去了英格兰和加勒比地区。

1776年9月11日,英美代表在斯塔滕岛会面,这也是战时唯一一次双方试图和平解决冲突。美方代表包括本杰明·富兰克林,英方代表包括豪勋爵(英语:Earl Howe)。在英国占领纽约后不久,纽约爆发大火,近四分之一的市区建筑被毁,其中包括纽约三一教堂[76]。

1785年,邦聯議會将纽约定为美国首都。纽约是《邦联条例》下的最后一个美国首都,也是美国宪法下的第一个美国首都。1789年,美国第一任总统乔治·华盛顿在华尔街联邦厅宣誓就职。在同一地点还召集了美国第一届国会和最高法院,起草《美国权利法案》[77]。1790年,纽约超越费城成为美国第一大城市。

1840年的百老汇

在纽约州1799年的《渐进废奴法案》之下,奴隶母亲的孩子生来将为契约劳工,直至二十五岁之后方可获得自由[78]。在独立战争之后获得解放的和脱逃的奴隶共同组成曼哈顿为数众多的自由黑人人口。在几位开国元勋如亚历山大·汉密尔顿和约翰·杰伊的支持之下,纽约奴隶解放会(英语:New York Manumission Society)致力于推动奴隶制的彻底废除,并建立非裔人自由学校(英语:African Free School)以教育黑人儿童[79]。直至1827年,奴隶制才在纽约州彻底被废除,而此后黑人也仍然面临着歧视的问题。纽约的废奴运动持续下去,其中许多运动领袖都是自由学校的毕业生。1840年,纽约市的黑人人口超过16,000[80]。

19世纪,在贸易的持续发展和欧洲移民的推动下,纽约发生巨大的变化[81]。在《1811年委员会计划(英语:Commissioners' Plan of 1811)》下,城市的街道覆盖至整个曼哈顿。1825年伊利运河开通,将纽约港与北美内陆市场(农作物及其他商品)通过哈德逊河和五大湖连接起来[82]。同时,纽约的政治也开始受到坦慕尼协会(爱尔兰和德国移民支持的政治机构)的主导[83]。

在19世纪30年代和40年代有许多知名的美国文坛人物居住在纽约,其中包括威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特(英语:William Cullen Bryant)、华盛顿·欧文、赫尔曼·梅尔维尔、鲁弗斯·维尔莫特·格里斯沃尔德(英语:Rufus Wilmot Griswold)、约翰·基斯(英语:John Keese)、纳撒尼尔·帕克·威利斯(英语:Nathaniel Parker Willis)以及埃德加·爱伦·坡。在旧商界精英的游说推动下,1857年中央公园建立起来,成为全美国第一个景观公园。

现代历史[编辑]

1900年的曼哈顿小意大利

爱尔兰大饥荒使大批爱尔兰移民涌入纽约,到1860年,四个纽约人中就有一个出生于爱尔兰(总共超过200,000人)[84]。同时,德意志革命也使德国移民大量迁入,1860年另外四分之一的城市人口来自德国[85]。

民主党候选人在选举中屡屡获胜,纽约与美国南方也产生紧密的联系。1861年市长费尔南多·伍德号召纽约跟随南方退出联邦,但他的这一号召最终没有成行[79]。在南北战争期间,对于征兵法律的不满导致1863年由爱尔兰裔工人阶级领导的纽约征兵暴动[79]。

1913年的纽约夜景,中间的建筑物是伍尔沃斯大楼

移民与黑人长期存在竞争,由此暴动演化为对纽约黑人和其财产的攻击。暴动者将有色人种孤儿院烧毁,其中200名儿童幸得逃生[85]。此外他们还杀死近100名黑人,攻击了更多,尤其是在港口区域。这是美国历史上最为惨重的骚乱之一[86]。暴力活动导致许多黑人离开纽约前往威廉斯堡、布鲁克林和新泽西,至1865年,曼哈顿的黑人人口跌破10,000(1820年水平)。白人工人阶级由此取得统治地位[85]。

1930年建筑工人在帝国大厦上工作

1933年的纽约曼哈顿金融区

哈马舍尔德(第二任联合国秘书长)于纽约联合国总部大楼外留影

1898年,布鲁克林(当时为一个独立城市)、纽约县(包括布朗克斯的一部分)、里士满县和皇后县的西部合并,正式成为现代的纽约市[87]。1904年,纽约的地铁系统开始合并运作,帮助巩固了这座全新的城市。20世纪上半叶,纽约成为世界工业、商业和通讯业的中心。

同在1904年,“斯洛昆将军号(英语:PS General Slocum)”蒸汽船在东河起火,船上1,021人身亡。1911年,纽约三角内衣工厂发生火灾,146名工人身亡,这是纽约历史上最大的工业灾难,它也促进国际妇女服装工人联合会(英语:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union)的发展,推动了工厂安全标准的进步[88]。

1890年,纽约的非白人人口为36,620[89]。20世纪20年代,纽约成为非裔美国人从南部移民(英语:Great Migration (African American))的重要目的地,到1916年,该城已成为北美最大的非裔城市聚居地。在禁酒时期,哈莱姆文艺复兴运动展开,黑人文学和文化生活得到兴旺。经济的繁荣推动大量摩天大楼的建设,塑造了纽约的20世纪天际线。

格林尼治村的石墙酒吧,1969年石墙暴动的发生地,美国国家历史名胜[90]

1930年的纽约

约1932年的纽约

正在建设中的洛克菲勒中心,摄于1933年12月

20年代初,纽约超越伦敦,成为世界上人口最多的城市区。纽约城市圈的人口在30年代超过1000万,成为世界上第一座特大城市[91]。大萧条时期,改革家菲奥雷洛·拉瓜迪亚当选市长,带领纽约复苏,同时坦慕尼协会垮台,结束其八十年的政治霸权[92]。

第二次世界大战后,纽约经济再次繁荣。在战时该城毫发未伤,由此也成为世界的领头城市,华尔街也成为美国经济霸权的龙头。联合国总部大楼(1950年)的建设奠定纽约的政治影响,抽象表现主义艺术的崛起使纽约超越巴黎成为世界艺术的中心[93]。

1977年的纽约

1980年的纽约

2001年9月11日,联合航空175号班机撞上世界贸易中心南塔

60年代,产业升级导致失业率上升,纽约遭遇严重的经济问题,犯罪率持续上升,这一困局一直延续到70年代[94]。80年代,金融业的复兴使纽约的经济状况得到好转,但犯罪率仍然居高不下,并继续上升直至90年代初[95]。在治安策略的改革、经济状况的改善、绅士化的进程和新移民的联合作用下,犯罪率开始大幅下降。互联网和新媒体的中心“硅巷(英语:Silicon Alley)”开始崛起。2000年人口普查中,纽约的人口达到历史新高,而在2010年的人口普查中再次达到新高。

纽约是九一一袭击事件中损失最为惨重的城市。世界贸易中心1号、2号和7号楼被摧毁,近3,000人死亡[96]。新的世贸中心(包括世界贸易中心一号大楼、九一一国家纪念中心和博物馆及其他三幢办公楼)還在原址重建當中。前兩幢建築已經完工,分別在2014年11月3日與2014年5月21日落成啟用[97]。于1909年7月19日开放的纽新捷运世界贸易中心站也在袭击中被毁。2003年11月23日,臨時車站啟用。2016年3月4日,重建後的車站以新名稱世界貿易中心交通樞紐(World Trade Center Transportation Hub)正式啟用。[98]。世界贸易中心一号大楼落成后将成为西半球最高楼[99]及世界第6高楼,它的塔尖达到1,776英尺(541米),表示美国独立的年份[100][101]。2012年4月30日起,这一建筑已经成为纽约第一高楼[102][103]。

2020年3月,曼哈頓確診紐約市首例COVID-19病例。疫情在全美大流行前已在紐約感染造成大流行,截至2021年3月,紐約市已記錄超過30000人死亡,此次疫情造成大量企業倒閉。[104][105][106][107][108]

地理[编辑]

紐約都會區衛星地圖

紐約位于紐約州東南部,大致位置在華盛頓特區和波士頓之间[109],纽约市緊鄰哈德遜河,海上运输极其便利,这使其得以快速發展成為一個貿易重鎮。紐約的大部分城區位于狹小的曼哈頓、史泰登島和長島,因此人口密度很高。

哈德遜河经过哈德遜河谷流入紐約灣,是紐約市和紐澤西州的分界線。一樣位在紐約市的東河流經長島海灣,將布朗克斯和曼哈頓與長島隔開。哈莱姆河位于東河與哈德遜河之間,分隔曼哈頓和布朗克斯兩行政區。布朗克斯河流經布朗克斯和威斯特徹斯特郡,是紐約市唯一皆為淡水的河流。[110]

紐約市的大部分地区都被人为的修整过,自荷蘭統治時期開始就有大量的填海造地工程在曼哈頓下城等地进行,如1970至1980年代的砲台公園城市計畫[111]。

紐約市的总面積約468.9平方英里(1,214平方公里),其中164.1平方英里(425平方公里)為水域,304.8平方英里(789平方公里)為陸地[112][113]。城內最高海拔位在史泰登島的托德山,約409.8英尺(124.9米),是緬因州南部的東部沿岸的最高地。[114]

氣候[编辑]

2012年10月29日,曼哈顿C大道被飓风桑迪带来的风暴潮淹没[115]

根据柯本气候分类法,纽约属于副热带湿润气候[116][117],它也是北美大陆最北端的属于此气候类型的主要城市。西北的城郊地带位于副热带湿润气候和温带大陆性湿润气候的过渡区[116][117]。纽约地区年均见晴日达到234天,年日照率57%,年平均日照时间2,535小时[118]。

纽约冬季寒冷潮湿,盛行离岸风使大西洋的中和作用降低,然而大西洋和阿帕拉契山脉的共同作用使该城在冬季暖于同纬度甚至更低纬度的内陆城市,例如匹兹堡、辛辛那提和印第安纳波利斯。冬季较冷,微潮,时而偏向寒冷,日最高气温低于0 °C(32 °F)的平均日数为16天,日最低气温低于−10 °C(14 °F)的平均日数为6.1天;夏季相对炎热潮湿,日最高气温超过30 °C(86 °F)的日数年均有39天,超过35 °C(95 °F)的有3.8天。[119]最冷月(1月)均温0.9 °C(33.7 °F),极端最低气温−26 °C(−15 °F)(1934年2月9日)。[119]最热月(7月)均温25.3 °C(77.5 °F),极端最高气温41 °C(106 °F)(1936年7月9日)。[119]年均降水量约1,260毫米(49.5英寸),分布较为平均;年极端最少降水量为663毫米(26.09英寸)(1965年),最多为2,046毫米(80.56英寸)(1983年)。[119]年均降雪量为76厘米(29.8英寸),但降雪年际变化较大;1972–73年的降雪量最少,积累降雪量只有7.1厘米(2.8英寸),1995–96年的降雪量最多,积累降雪量为192厘米(75.6英寸)。[119]无霜期平均为235天(3月30日至11月19日);可测量降雪平均期为12月14日至3月16日。[119]

飓风和热带风暴相对较少,但偶有发生[120]。2012年10月29日,飓风桑迪带来毁灭性风暴潮,淹没了曼哈顿下城和其他地区的诸多街道、隧道和地铁线路,并导致了市区和城郊许多地区的电力中断[121]。飓风带来的冲击使人们开始考虑建造海岸防御工事(如海塘)以降低此类灾难发生的风险[122]。

纽约(中央公园眺望台城堡),1991–2020年正常值,1869年至今极端数据

月份

1月

2月

3月

4月

5月

6月

7月

8月

9月

10月

11月

12月

全年

历史最高温 °C(°F)

22(72)

26(78)

30(86)

36(96)

37(99)

38(101)

41(106)

40(104)

39(102)

34(94)

29(84)

24(75)

41(106)

平均最高温 °C(°F)

15.8(60.4)

15.9(60.7)

21.3(70.3)

28.3(82.9)

31.4(88.5)

33.4(92.1)

35.4(95.7)

34.1(93.4)

31.7(89.0)

26.5(79.7)

21.5(70.7)

17.2(62.9)

36.1(97.0)

平均高温 °C(°F)

4.2(39.5)

5.7(42.2)

9.9(49.9)

16.6(61.8)

21.9(71.4)

26.5(79.7)

29.4(84.9)

28.5(83.3)

24.6(76.2)

18.1(64.5)

12.2(54.0)

6.8(44.3)

17.0(62.6)

平均低温 °C(°F)

−2.3(27.9)

−1.4(29.5)

2.1(35.8)

7.5(45.5)

12.8(55.0)

18.0(64.4)

21.2(70.1)

20.5(68.9)

16.8(62.3)

10.8(51.4)

5.6(42.0)

1.0(33.8)

9.4(48.9)

平均最低温 °C(°F)

−12.3(9.8)

−10.7(12.7)

−6.8(19.7)

0.4(32.8)

6.6(43.9)

11.5(52.7)

16.6(61.8)

15.7(60.3)

10.1(50.2)

3.6(38.4)

−2.4(27.7)

−7.8(18.0)

−13.5(7.7)

历史最低温 °C(°F)

−21(−6)

−26(−15)

−16(3)

−11(12)

0(32)

7(44)

11(52)

10(50)

4(39)

−2(28)

−15(5)

−25(−13)

−26(−15)

平均降水量 mm(英寸)

92(3.64)

81(3.19)

109(4.29)

104(4.09)

101(3.96)

115(4.54)

117(4.60)

116(4.56)

109(4.31)

111(4.38)

91(3.58)

111(4.38)

1,258(49.52)

平均降雪量 cm(英寸)

22(8.8)

26(10.1)

13(5.0)

1.0(0.4)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.25(0.1)

1.3(0.5)

12(4.9)

76(29.8)

平均降水天数(≥ 0.01英寸或0.25毫米)

10.8

10.0

11.1

11.4

11.5

11.2

10.5

10.0

8.8

9.5

9.2

11.4

125.4

平均降雪天数(≥ 0.1英寸或0.25厘米)

3.7

3.2

2.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

2.1

11.4

平均相對濕度(%)

63

61

60

58

65

68

66

69

70

67

64

64

65

月均日照時數

162.7

163.1

212.5

225.6

256.6

257.3

268.2

268.2

219.3

211.2

151.0

139.0

2,534.7

可照百分比

54

55

57

57

57

57

59

63

59

61

51

48

57

数据来源:NOAA (1981–2010年相对湿度;1961–1990日照)[123][119][118][124]

纽约中央公园国际交换站,1869–1919在5号大道与64号街交口,1919年起在眺望台城堡。[125]降雪深度记录始于1888年3月12日。[119]

城市风光[编辑]

曼哈顿夜景

曼哈顿下城日落时分的景色,最高层建筑为自由塔

曼哈顿日落时分的景色

在帝国大厦东侧拍摄的纽约市

在帝国大厦西侧拍摄的纽约市

在帝国大厦北侧拍摄的纽约市

在帝国大厦南侧拍摄的纽约市

人口[编辑]

更多信息:纽约市人口

人口比較

2000年統計[126]

紐約市

紐約州

全美

總人口

8,213,839

18,976,457

281,421,906

人口變化百分比,1990年至2000年

+9.4%

+5.5%

+13.1%

人口密度

26,403/mi²

402/mi²

80/mi²

家庭平均收入,1999年

$38,293

$43,393

$41,994

學士以上學歷

27%

27%

29%

國外出生人口

36%

20%

11%

白人(非拉丁裔)

35%

62%

67%

黑人

28%

16%

12%

拉丁裔(不分人種)

27%

15%

11%

亞洲人

10%

6%

4%

历史人口年份人口±% 16984,937—     17125,840+18.3% 17237,248+24.1% 173710,664+47.1% 174611,717+9.9% 175613,046+11.3% 177121,863+67.6% 179049,401+126.0% 180079,216+60.4% 1810119,734+51.1% 1820152,056+27.0% 1830242,278+59.3% 1840391,114+61.4% 1850696,115+78.0% 18601,174,779+68.8% 18701,478,103+25.8% 18801,911,698+29.3% 18902,507,414+31.2% 19003,437,202+37.1% 19104,766,883+38.7% 19205,620,048+17.9% 19306,930,446+23.3% 19407,454,995+7.6% 19507,891,957+5.9% 19607,781,984−1.4% 19707,894,862+1.5% 19807,071,639−10.4% 19907,322,564+3.5% 20008,008,288+9.4% 20108,175,133+2.1% 20168,537,673+4.4% 20208,804,190+3.1%注释:统计数据(1790–2010)包括今全部五个行政区,不分1898年合并前后[127]。来源: 1698–1771年[128]、1790–1890年[127][129]、1900–1990年[130]、2000年和2010年人口普查[131][132]、2016年估计[133]。

布鲁克林的犹太社区为全美最大,达到600,000人[134]

纽约是全美人口最多的城市[135][136],2016年达到近8,537,673人,为历史新高[17],且多于第二大(洛杉矶)和第三大(芝加哥)城市人口的总和[注 1]。

美国人口调查局在2010年统计纽约人口为8,175,133人,但市长迈克尔·布隆伯格立即表示这一数字偏低[139]。根据统计局数字,纽约市的人口占到全纽约州的40%。2006年,人口统计学家预测2030年纽约的人口将达到920万至950万[140]。2010年纽约人口44%为白人(33.3%非拉丁裔白人),25.5%为黑人(23%非拉丁裔黑人),0.7%为美洲原住民,12.7%为亚裔[17]。拉丁裔美国人占总人口的28.6%[17],而亚裔则为2000年至2010年间数量上升最快的群体;非拉丁裔白人人口下降了3%,这也是数十年来最小的下降额;自南北战争以来,黑人人口首次在十年中下降[139]。在美国非裔美国人大迁徙(Great Migration)中,纽约的黑人人口激增。[141]

2010年,纽约的人口密度为27,532人每平方英里(10,630人每平方公里),在全美人口超过100,000的城市中排名第一,但根据2000年数据,临近位于新泽西州哈德逊县的一些小城市(人口少于100,000)人口密度要更高[142]。曼哈顿(纽约县)的人口密度为66,940人每平方英里(25,846人每平方公里)[143],为全美人口最稠密的县[144],密度比任何一个美国城市都要大[145]。

曼哈顿华埠景象。纽约是亚洲外最大的海外华人聚居地[146]

纽约一直以来便是外国移民入境美国的口岸,在1892年至1924年间就有超过1200万欧洲移民经由埃利斯岛入境美国[147]。“大熔炉”一词最早便被用于形容下东城许多移民密集居住的街区。至1900年,德国人成为纽约最大的移民团体,其次为爱尔兰人、犹太人和意大利人[148]。1940年,白人占全市人口的92%[149]

如今纽约近37%的人口出生于海外[150][151],其中没有哪个国家或地区的人口占显著多数[150]。截至2011年,十个最主要的海外出生人口来源地为:多米尼加共和国、中华人民共和国、墨西哥、圭亚那、牙买加、厄瓜多尔、海地、印度、俄罗斯及特立尼达和多巴哥[152],而孟加拉裔移民则增长最快,2013年达到74,000人[153]。尽管大西洋的移民大浪潮早已退去,全球的交通方式也越发多样化,纽约仍然是来到美国的合法移民的最主要入境城市,在数目上远超两大次主要入境城市——洛杉矶和迈阿密的总和[154][155][156][157]

法拉盛缅街中国银行。

纽约极具种族多元[158],以色列之外最大的犹太社区即位于此[159],同时有全国20%的印度裔人口和至少20个小印度区,全国15%的韩裔人口和四个韩国街(英语:Koreatown, Manhattan)[160][161];西半球最多的印度裔人口,全美最多的俄裔[162]、意大利裔、非裔和南美裔[162]及第二多的拉丁裔人口;单单在纽约市内就有六个唐人街[163],2010年统计都市区内的海外华人人口为682,265[160],为亚洲外最多[146]。曼哈顿华埠以及新生的布鲁克林华埠和法拉盛华埠持续繁荣,華人也在持续迁入纽约和邻近地区[162][164][165][166]。来自中國的人口在纽约是增長最迅速的。

布鲁克林华埠,纽约。從中國人的構成在纽约和布魯克林最迅速增長的人口

根据2010年人口普查,纽约市的亚裔人口超过100万,多于旧金山和洛杉矶的总和[167],市区的亚裔人口为全美最多[168]。2010年,纽约6.0%的人口为华裔,其中40%居住于皇后区;韩裔占到1.2%,日裔占0.3%;菲裔为东南亚族群最多,占0.8%,其次为越裔,占0.2%;印度裔为南亚族群最多,占2.4%,随后是孟加拉裔和巴基斯坦裔,各占0.7%和0.5%[169]。

由于总人口庞大,纽约的欧裔(非拉丁裔)白人人口亦是在全美各大城市(市区)中最多,2012年达到270万,超过洛杉矶(110万)、芝加哥(86.5万)和休斯顿(55万)白人人口的总和[170]。欧裔美国人人口非常多样化,根据12年统计局估计,意大利裔人口达560,000人,爱尔兰裔385,000人,德裔253,000人,俄裔223,000人,波兰裔201,000人,英裔137,000人,希腊裔和法裔各约65,000人,匈牙利裔60,000人,乌克兰裔55,000人,苏格兰裔35,000人,挪威裔(英语:Norwegian American)和瑞典裔各20,000人。此外,捷克裔(英语:Czech American)、立陶宛裔、葡萄牙裔、苏格兰-爱尔兰裔和威尔士裔(英语:Welsh American)各有12,000至14,000人不等[171]。

此外纽约都会区内的海地、多明尼加[172]和波多黎各人口也为数众多。爱尔兰人亦是如此,每50个纽约人中就有一个携带从尼亚尔(公元5世纪爱尔兰国王)的部落[173]或是布留因和菲亚克拉克部落[174]中传下来的独特Y染色体标记。

2011年纽约同性恋自豪日[175]

纽约都会区同时还有全美最多的同性恋族群,达到568,903人[175],比舊金山還多。2011年6月24日,纽约州正式同性婚姻合法化,并于30日后正式生效[176]。

纽约的贫富差距状况也较为突出。2005年,最富有的人口普查区的家庭收入中值为188,697美元,而在最贫困的人口普查区则为9,320美元[177],导致这一差距的原因是高收入人群薪酬的增加和中低收入人群薪酬增长的停滞。2013年第一季度,纽约县的平均周薪为2,448美元,在全美所有县中为最高[178]。纽约还是世界上最多亿万富翁的聚集地,数目超过排名第二至第六的美国城市的总和[179][180][181],其中前市长迈克尔·布隆伯格便是亿万富翁之一[182]。

建築[编辑]

更多信息:纽约市建筑和纽约市最高建筑列表

布魯克林區19世纪的褐石排房

曼哈顿下城世界貿易中心一號大樓

纽约有许多来自不同年代不同风格的建筑。老建筑旧至布鲁克林区1656年的盐屋式建筑——怀科夫宅(英语:Wyckoff House),新建筑新至位于曼哈顿下城原爆点兴建中的世界最贵办公楼[183]——世界贸易中心一号大楼。

曼哈顿的布满摩天大楼的天际线广为人知,在历史上,纽约是世界上许多世界级高楼的所在地。截至2011年,纽约有5,937幢高层建筑物,其中550幢高度超过100米,在这两项指标上都仅次于香港位列世界第二[184][185],同时有超过50幢高度超过200米,其中包括1913年建成的哥德复兴式建筑伍尔沃斯大楼,其装饰雕刻十分醒目,从百英尺下即可目视。

1916年都市規劃方案(英语:1916 Zoning Resolution)規定高樓必須採用後縮式設計,且塔樓面積須為該地块的一定百分比,如此可使陽光照射至街道[186]。两幢纽约的装饰风建筑——克莱斯勒大厦(1930年建成)和帝国大厦(1931年建成)及其顶端和不锈钢材质的尖塔便是此规划方案的结果。这两幢建筑各有十分独特的装饰风格(例如克莱斯勒大厦61楼角落的鹰饰),也被认为是装饰风的最佳代表[187]。

建築技術的發展讓紐約市裡的低矮歐式傳統建築逐漸變成垂直攀升的摩天大樓,特別是在商業區裡,形成了紐約市特別的城市景觀。據2009年統計,紐約有5,794座高樓,居全美第一,世界第二,僅次香港[188],其中有35座高度超過200米,是拥有最多摩天大楼的城市[189]。目前纽约第七高楼帝国大厦(楼板高381米,加天线447米)在1931—1972年的41年里都是世界第一高楼,是世界上保持世界第一高楼最久的建筑。现在也是纽约主要的标志之一。国际式(英语:International Style (architecture))建筑的突出代表西格拉姆大厦(1957年建成)从正面可见其鲜明的古铜色工字梁建筑结构,而康德納斯特大樓(2000年建成)则是美国摩天大楼中采用绿色设计的代表[190]。

纽约住宅区的建筑特色多为雅致的褐石排屋、联排别墅和老旧的公寓楼,这些建筑约在1870年至1930年间大批建造[191]。相比较之下,纽约还有其他人口不那么密集的区域,在这些区域内有较多独立式的建筑,风格多样,如都铎复兴式(英语:Tudor Revival architecture)和维多利亚式[192][193][194]。

在1835年纽约大火灾(英语:Great Fire of New York)后,木制建筑兴建减少,石头和砖头成为了建筑的主要材质[195]。紐約与巴黎的建築材質不同,巴黎用的是當地產的石灰石,紐約則使用遠方採石場運來的石頭,有不同的質地和顏色,因此市容較多變化[196]。木质顶的水塔是纽约一种独特的建筑形式——在19世纪初,纽约市要求超过六层的建筑自建水塔,以防止底层的高水压导致城市水管破裂[197]。20世纪20年代,田园城市理论开始在偏僻地带流行[198]。

公園[编辑]

主条目:紐約市公園列表

纽约市的公园受到三套不同的公园体系管辖,包括美国国家公园管理局、纽约州公园管理局以及纽约市公园管理局。

根据2013年《公共土地公信力(英语:The Trust for Public Land)》公园排名榜报告,纽约市公园系统在美国人口最多的50大城市中位列第二,紧随明尼阿波利斯公园系统其后[199]。该排行榜基于分析公园大小、土地面积占全市面积百分比、在公园半英里内的城市居民百分比、每位居民花在公园服务的时间、每万名居民对应的运动场数量等各项数据的均值得出。

主条目:美国国家公园管理局

自由女神像

盖特韦国家休闲区(英语:Gateway National Recreation Area)占地达到26,000英畝(110平方公里),其中大部分都位于纽约市[200]。在其范围内包括位于布鲁克林和皇后区的牙買加灣野生動物保護區,它是國家公園系統中唯一的野生動物區,有面積達9,000英畝(36平方公里)的盐碱滩、岛屿和水域,涵蓋牙買加灣大部。

自由女神像国家纪念区和埃利斯岛移民博物馆都归美国国家公园管理局管辖,都同时属于纽约和新泽西两州。在纽约港同时还有總督島國家紀念園區(英语:Governors Island National Monument)。在曼哈顿岛上有克林顿堡国家纪念区、联邦国家纪念堂、

西奥多·罗斯福出生地(英语:Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site)、格兰特将军国家纪念堂、非裔人埋葬地国家纪念区(英语:African Burial Ground National Monument)及汉密尔顿住宅国家纪念区(英语:Hamilton Grange National Memorial)等。此外还有数百幢私人建筑被列入国家史迹名录或列为美国国家历史名胜,例如同性恋权利运动的首发地,格林尼治村的石墙酒吧[201][202]。

纽约州立公园[编辑]

纽约市内有7个州立公园[203],其中包括自然保护区粘土坑池塘州立公园(英语:Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve)和面积达28英畝(110,000平方米),距哈德逊河河面69英尺(21米)的河岸州立公园(英语:Riverbank State Park)。

纽约市立公园[编辑]

布朗克斯动物园是世界上最大的城市动物园[204]。图为动物园中的驯鹿

紐約市有超過28,000英畝(110平方公里)的市立公園和超過14英里(23公里)的公共海灘[205]。公园包括中央公園、展望公园、法拉盛草原可乐娜公园、森林公园(英语:Forest Park (Queens))和华盛顿广场公园。培罕湾公园(英语:Pelham Bay Park)是市内最大的公园,面积达到2,700英畝(11平方公里)[206]。

中央公園位于曼哈顿,面积883英畝(3.57平方公里),是全美造访人数最多的公园,每年游客达到2500万[207]。公园中有诸多景观,包括湖泊和池塘、滑冰场、中央公园动物园、中央公园温室花园(英语:Central Park Conservatory Garden)、面积达106英畝(0.43平方公里)的杰基·奥纳西斯水库。室内景观有美景城堡。

展望公园位于布鲁克林,拥有面积达90英畝(0.36平方公里)的草原、湖泊和林地[208]。

法拉盛草原可乐娜公园位于皇后区,是纽约第三大的公园,也是1939年和1964年世界博覽會的举办地。

布朗克斯區其中五分之一的面積(近7,000英畝(28平方公里))屬於公共場地和公園,包含范可蘭公園(英语:Van Cortlandt Park)、培罕湾公园(英语:Pelham Bay Park)、布朗克斯动物园和紐約植物園[209]。

行政区划[编辑]

更多信息:行政区 (纽约市)

五行政區:①曼哈頓,②布魯克林,③皇后區,④布朗克斯,⑤史泰登島

紐約的五個行政區概觀

轄區

人口

陸地面積

行政區

2012年7月1日估計

平方英里

平方公里

曼哈頓

紐約

1,619,090

23

59

布朗克斯

布朗克斯

1,408,473

42

109

布鲁克林

國王

2,565,635

71

183

皇后區

皇后

2,272,771

109

283

史泰登岛

里士满

470,728

58

151

紐約市

8,336,697

303

786

紐約州

19,570,261

47,214

122,284

資料來源:美国人口调查局[210][211][212]

纽约市面積廣大,分為五個行政區[213],與紐約州下轄的郡重疊。每一行政區還可細分為街區,許多的街區有不同的歷史和特色。如果將這些行政區劃分為獨立的城市,其中四個街區(布魯克林、皇后區、曼哈頓島和布朗克斯)將會是全美前十多人居住的城市。

曼哈頓(纽约县):人口最稠密的行政區[145],中央公園和纽约大部分摩天大樓的所在地,大部分都位于哈德逊河口的曼哈顿岛上。曼哈顿也是紐約甚至世界的金融中心,許多大企業的總部、聯合國總部、许多重要的大学和文化景點都位于此处,其中还包含大都会博物馆等多座知名博物館、百老匯區、格林威治村和麥迪遜廣場花園。曼哈頓可粗略區分為下城、中城和上城,上城以中央公園為界可分為上西城和上東城,公園以北就是哈林區。纽约的其他四个区被统称为“外区”。

布朗克斯(布朗克斯县):最北的行政區,纽约洋基的主场洋基体育场位于此地。除了曼哈頓的大理石丘外,布朗克斯是紐約市唯一與美國本土相接的區域。世界上最大的市内动物园[204]布朗克斯动物园也位于此地,面积达265英畝(1.07平方公里),居住动物达6,000头[214]。同时,布朗克斯还是饶舌乐和嘻哈文化的发源地[215]。

布魯克林(国王县):人口最多的行政區,位于长岛西端,在1898年以前仍是獨立的城市。此區的文化、社會和種族极富多元性,帶有独立藝術情調以及建築傳統。除了曼哈頓外,布魯克林是唯一有中心商業區的行政區。此外,此區還有一条長海岸線,其中的科尼島于19世纪70年代设立,是全国最早的游乐设施之一[216]。

皇后區(皇后县):面積最大的行政區,位于长岛布鲁克林的东侧,也是全美種族最多元的郡[217],其人口成長的速度將會使該區打破布魯克林成為人口最多的行政區。过去此区由一些荷兰移民所创立的小城镇和村庄组成,今日则发展为重要的商业和住宅区。這裡也是全美唯一一個非裔美國人收入大於白人的县(年收入約$52,000)[218]。皇后區有紐約大都會的花旗球場,是美國網球公開賽的舉辦地。交通方面,紐約都會區的三个主要机场中有两个——甘迺迪國際機場和拉瓜地亞機場——位于此区(第三个是位于新泽西州纽瓦克的纽瓦克自由国际机场)。

史泰登島(里士满县):最郊區的行政區,分別藉由韋拉札諾海峽大橋和史泰登島渡輪與布魯克林和曼哈頓連接。史泰登島渡輪是紐約的相當熱門的景點,因為它能提供欣賞自由女神像、埃利斯島和曼哈頓下城的最佳視野。在史泰登島中部有2,500英畝(10平方公里)的林带,其中有近28英里(45公里)的步道和紐約市內最後一片無人破壞的森林[219]。

文化与生活[编辑]

更多信息:纽约市文化

大都会艺术博物馆位于曼哈顿上东城卡耐基山(英语:Carnegie Hill)的博物馆区,是世界上最大的博物馆[220]

冰岛[10]和拉脱维亚[221]的领事及纽约市立大学柏鲁克分校[222]都将纽约称作世界的文化首都,同样澳洲国家图书馆在其收藏的一系列文章中也做了类似表述[10]。作家汤姆·沃尔夫曾说:“文化似乎就在空气之中,就如天气一般[223]。”

许多重要的美国文化运动都在纽约展开,例如哈莱姆文艺复兴便奠定了非裔美国人的文学经典[224][225]。在20世纪40年代,纽约是爵士乐的中心之一[226];在50年代是抽象表现主义艺术的中心;在70年代是嘻哈文化的发源地[227];在七八十年代,纽约的朋克[228]和硬核文化[229]影响巨大。同时,犹太美国人文学在纽约也长期兴旺。

分领域来看,纽约对于文化的贡献在文学和视觉艺术方面有哈莱姆文艺复兴;在绘画方面有抽象表现主义(又称“纽约派”);在音乐方面有嘻哈音乐[215]、朋克摇滚、骚沙音乐、迪斯科、自由风音乐(英语:Freestyle music)、叮砰巷及爵士乐;同时还被认为是世界舞蹈之都[230][231][232]。在流行文化中纽约有极高的地位,时常成为文学、电影和电视的背景设定。

2014年美國全球語言觀察機構(GLM)公布最新調查指出,根據過去三年透過字詞使用分析趨勢,紐約擠下巴黎成為全球排名第一的時尚城市。[233]

娛樂與表演藝術[编辑]

参见:纽约市音乐

林肯中心是纽约爱乐等表演团体的所在地

纽约是美国娱乐产业的重地,许多电影、电视剧、书籍和其他媒体形式都以此处为根据地。截至2008年,紐約是美國第二大的電影中心,雇佣人数达到63,000人,总薪酬达到50亿美元[234],独立电影出产数目居世界之冠[235]。

纽约全市有2,000個以上的文化藝術組織以及超过500個不同规模的藝術廊[236]。纽约市市政府對藝術的資助预算超過美國藝術基金會(英语:National Endowment for the Arts)的总预算[236]。19世紀富有的企業家们建立了一個文化机构網絡,这其中包括卡內基大廳和大都会艺术博物馆。電力照明的使用使戏剧蓬勃發展,19世纪80年代,百老匯和42街的戲院開始演出一種全新的表演形式,即音樂劇。受到移民文化的影响,舞台劇經常使用敘事性的歌曲,反映希望與抱負。

市内40家戏院(每家500个座位以上)共同组成了著名的百老汇,以一条穿越时代广场戏院区的大道命名[237],有时也被称作“大白路”(The Great White Way)[238][239][240]。

林肯中心是全美最大的表演藝術中心,是12個知名藝術表演組織的根据地,如大都會歌劇团、纽约市歌剧团(英语:New York City Opera)、紐約愛樂樂团和纽约市芭蕾舞团等,此外维维安·比蒙剧院(英语:Vivian Beaumont Theater)、朱利亚德学院、林肯中心爵士乐厅(英语:Jazz at Lincoln Center)和爱丽丝·图利音乐厅(英语:Alice Tully Hall)也在此处。在联合广场坐落有李·斯特拉斯堡戏剧和电影学院(英语:Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute),在纽约大学则有帝许艺术学院(英语:Tisch School of the Arts),而中央公園夏日舞台(英语:Central Park SummerStage)则提供免費的戲劇和音樂演出[241]。

旅游[编辑]

更多信息:纽约市旅游业和纽约市博物馆与文化机构列表

時報廣場是全美乃至全世界游客最多的景点[242]

旅游业是纽约最重要的产业之一,在过去五年内到访的国内外旅客达到年均4000万[243],最主要的旅游目的地包括帝国大厦、自由女神像、埃利斯岛、百老汇剧院、博物馆(如大都会艺术博物馆)、城市绿地(如中央公园和华盛顿广场公园)、洛克菲勒中心、时代广场、曼哈顿华埠及第五大道和麦迪逊大道的奢侈品购物游;活动还包括格林尼治村的万圣节游行(英语:New York's Village Halloween Parade)、梅西的感恩节大游行、洛克菲勒中心圣诞树(英语:Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree)的点亮、圣帕特里克节游行、冬季的中央公园滑冰、翠贝卡电影节和中央公园的夏季表演。其他特色目的地包括布朗克斯动物园、康尼岛、法拉盛草原可乐娜公园和纽约植物园。前市长彭博于2012年9月27日宣布将于斯塔滕岛北岸建造世界上最大的摩天轮纽约轮,遥望自由女神像、纽约港和曼哈顿下城[244][245]。

2010年纽约的游客达到4900万[246][247],而在次年这一纪录立刻被打破,2011年游客达到5000万[248][249]。

媒體[编辑]

主条目:纽约市媒体

位于洛克菲勒中心的國家廣播公司制片部

紐約為全球電視、廣告、音樂、報紙和圖書出版業的重鎮,亦是北美最大的媒體市場(其次為洛杉磯、芝加哥和多倫多)[250]。知名的媒體企業包括時代華納、汤森路透公司、美国联合通讯社、新闻集团、纽约时报公司、NBC环球、赫斯特國際集團和維亞康姆。全球前八大的廣告媒體就有七家在紐約市設立總部[251]。全球三大唱片公司中有两家(索尼音乐娱乐及华纳音乐集团)将总部设在纽约,而第三家(环球唱片)在纽约也设有分公司。1/3的美國獨立電影在紐約製作[252]。

紐約地鐵帶動了大量的報紙讀者[253]

超過200種報紙和350種雜誌在纽约設有辦公室[252],圖書出版業提供了25,000个就业岗位[254]。美国三大全国性日报中有两大在纽约出版,分别为《紐約時報》和《華爾街日報》,其中前者在普利策奖数目上高居第一。其他小報包括1919年创办的《纽约每日新闻》[255]和1801年创办的《紐約郵報》[256]。此外在不同族裔出版业方面纽约也相当多元化,有270份报章杂志以超过40种语言版本出版[257],其中《El Diario La Prensa》是全纽约发行量最大及全国历史最悠久的西班牙语报纸[258],出版于哈莱姆的《纽约阿姆斯特丹新闻(英语:The New York Amsterdam News)》是一份重要的非裔美国人报纸。《鄉村之音(英语:The Village Voice)》是全美發行量最大的另类报纸,專門報導時事評論以及特色主題。

電視產業對於紐約來說是相當重要的經濟命脈。美国四大廣播公司,包括美國廣播公司、哥倫比亞廣播公司、福克斯廣播公司和國家廣播公司,都在紐約設立總部。此外,一些如音樂電視網、HBO、福克斯新聞頻道和喜剧中心等有線電視頻道也将总部设在此地。2005年,有超過100個電視節目在紐約拍攝[259]。纽约市也经营了一个公共广播频道NYCTV(英语:nyctv),多次夺得艾美獎,節目內容大多涵蓋紐約市內的音樂、文化以及政府相關活動。

除了商業媒體之外,紐約也是非商業媒體的中心。1971年創立的曼哈頓公共電視網(英语:Manhattan Neighborhood Network)是美國歷史最悠久的公共頻道(英语:public-access television)[260]。WNET(英语:WNET)是紐約最大的公共電視台,也是全國公共電視網的主要節目提供者。WNYC(英语:WNYC)是全美最多聽眾收聽的公共广播電台[261]。

飲食[编辑]

主条目:纽约市饮食

奇缘3是曼哈顿一家广受欢迎的餐馆,由史蒂芬·布鲁斯创立于1954年[262]

纽约的饮食文化受其移民历史的影响,呈多元化态势,包括的国际餐点十分众多。中欧和意大利移民带来了纽约极富盛名的贝果、起士蛋糕和纽约式披萨,而中国和其他亚洲餐馆、汉堡店、意式饮食店(英语:Trattoria)、餐车餐厅(英语:Diner)和咖啡屋随处可见。市内有约4,000个拥有执照的小吃摊点,许多都由移民经营,中东食物诸如炸豆丸子和卡博串便是广受欢迎的纽约街头食品的代表[263]。同时,纽约还是许多全美国最好和最多元的高档餐厅的聚集地[264]。纽约市健康与精神卫生局(英语:New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene)根据其检测结果对纽约市近24,000家餐馆进行等级评定。

方言[编辑]

主条目:纽约方言

纽约方言有鲜明的地域特征,被普遍认为是美式英语中最知名的口音之一。方言经典版本以欧洲人后裔和工薪阶层为中心,而几十年来非欧洲移民的大量涌入,促使这门独特的方言产生改变。传统纽约方言发音时无需翘首,音节末尾不带辅音,使得该方言中的“纽约”听起来像“New Yawk”。最为地道的和极限版的纽约方言发音,单元音变成双元音,如“女孩”。上世纪70年代电视剧《一家子》中卡罗尔·奥康纳扮演的阿尔奇·邦克就是这种发音模式,但往后这种发音逐渐淡出人们的视野。

體育[编辑]

主条目:紐約市體育

美国网球公开赛于每年8月至9月在皇后区法拉盛草原可乐娜公园举行纽约马拉松是世界规模最大的马拉松赛[265]

纽约是国家橄榄球联盟[266]、美国职棒大联盟[267]、国家篮球协会[268]、国家冰球联盟[269]和美国职业足球大联盟[270]的总部所在地,而在这五大联盟中,纽约都会区拥有的职业运动队数量最多。全球十个造价最高的体育场中有四个(大都会人寿体育场、新洋基体育场、麦迪逊广场花园及花旗球场)位于纽约都会区内[271]。

棒球

纽约有“棒球之都”的称号[272],来自纽约的球队曾经35次赢得世界大赛,73次获得联盟冠军。纽约都会区是全美五个拥有两支球队的都会区之一(其他为洛杉矶都会区、芝加哥都会区、巴尔的摩-华盛顿都会区和旧金山湾区)。两支纽约球队曾在世界大赛中14次会师,最近一次出现在2000年,而其他都会区各自最多只有过一次在世界大赛中会师的经历(芝加哥于1906年、圣路易斯于1944年、旧金山湾于1989年)。

目前纽约的两支大联盟球队分别为纽约大都会队[273]和纽约洋基队[274],这两支球队每个赛季进行6次跨区交锋,称作地铁大战。洋基队27次夺冠的记录在联盟中位列第一[275],而大都会队则两次夺冠[276]。过去纽约还曾经是布鲁克林道奇队(今洛杉矶道奇队)和纽约巨人队(今旧金山巨人队)的主场,这两支球队分别1次[277]和5次夺冠,后来两支球队都于1958年迁往加利福尼亚[278]。此外纽约还有两支美国职棒小联盟球队,分别是布鲁克林旋风(英语:Brooklyn Cyclones)队[279]和斯塔滕岛洋基(英语:Staten Island Yankees)队[280]。

美式足球

纽约有两支职业足球大联盟球队,分别是纽约巨人队(3次获得超级碗)和纽约喷气机队(1次获得超级碗),但两支球队都在附近位于新泽西州东卢瑟福的大都会人寿体育场进行主场比赛[281]。大都会人寿体育场将于2014年主办第四十八届超级碗比赛[282]。

冰球

纽约游骑兵队是纽约市在国家冰球联盟的代表队[283]。纽约岛人队目前位于长岛纳苏县[284],但将在2015年迁至布鲁克林,从而成为纽约市的第二支球队[285]。这两支球队各4次夺得史丹利杯。在都会区内的另一支球队是新泽西魔鬼队,目前主场在新泽西州的纽瓦克[286]。纽约都会区是唯一一个拥有三支球队的都会区。

籃球

紐約市的美國國家籃球協會(NBA)隊伍有纽约尼克隊(两次获得总冠军)和布魯克林籃網隊,國家女子籃球聯盟則有紐約自由人隊。1938年的全国邀请赛(英语:National Invitation Tournament)是全美第一项全国大学篮球赛事,这项赛事至今仍在纽约举办[287]。

英式足球

紐約紅牛队是纽约在足球大聯盟中的代表队,主场位于新泽西州哈里森(英语:Harrison, New Jersey)的红牛球场(英语:Red Bull Arena (New Jersey))[288]。纽约地区的第二支大联盟球队纽约城足球俱乐部将于2015年开始参赛,曼彻斯特城足球俱乐部的所有者曼苏尔·本·扎伊德·阿尔·纳希安(英语:Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan)谢赫将与纽约洋基共同持有这支球队的股权[289]。

其他

网球四大满贯赛事之一的美国网球公开赛每年在皇后区举办[290]。纽约马拉松赛是世界上最大的马拉松赛事之一,2004年至2006年的赛事则在完赛人数上排名前三,其中2006年完赛人数达到37,866人[265]。米爾羅斯賽(英语:Millrose Games)是一年一度的田徑賽事,最著名的項目是室內一英里慢跑賽,稱為「Wanamaker Mile」。拳击也是纽约著名的体育项目,業餘拳擊金手套賽(英语:Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves)等赛事每年在麦迪逊广场花园举办[291]。

还有许多运动与纽约的移民密切相关。棍子球(英语:Stickball)即是一例,为棒球的街头版本,20世纪30年代开始风行于義大利、德國和愛爾蘭聚集區的青年人中。它是纽约最著名的街头运动,布朗克斯的一条大道即以之命名为“棍子球大道”(Stickball Blvd)[292]。

纽约曾经申办2012年夏季奥林匹克运动会,但最终在第二轮出局。目前纽约正在申办2022年夏季青年奥林匹克运动会。

俱乐部

联盟

运动

主场

成立时间

冠軍賽

纽约洋基

美国职棒大联盟(MLB)

棒球

洋基體育場

1901年

27次世界冠军

纽约大都会

美国职棒大联盟(MLB)

棒球

花旗球場

1969年

2次世界冠军

紐約城FC

美國職業足球大聯盟(MLS)

足球

洋基體育場

2013年

紐約紅牛

美國職業足球大聯盟(MLS)

足球

紅牛競技場

1995年

紐約自由人

國家女子籃球聯盟(NBA)

篮球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1997年

紐約尼克

国家篮球协会(NBA)

篮球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1946年

2次NBA总冠军

布魯克林籃網

国家篮球协会(NBA)

篮球

巴克萊中心

1967年

3次ABA總冠軍—

紐約遊騎兵

國家冰球聯盟(NHL)

冰球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1926年

2次史丹利盃

紐約島人

國家冰球聯盟(NHL)

冰球

巴克萊中心

1972年

4次史丹利盃

纽约噴射機

國家美式橄欖球聯盟(NFL)

美式足球

大都會人壽體育場

1960年

1次超級杯

紐約巨人

國家美式橄欖球聯盟(NFL)

美式足球

大都會人壽體育場

1925年

4次超級杯

教育[编辑]

主条目:纽约市教育

哥倫比亞大學巴特勒圖書館

纽约大学圖書館

纽约市的公立学校体系由纽约市教育局管理,为全美最大[293],近110万名学生分别在超过1,200所中小学校就读[294]。此外市内还有近900所私立世俗和教会学校[295]。在2000年纽约市人口普查中,近594,000名学生参加了高等教育,这一数字在全美最高[296]。2005年,每5个曼哈顿居民中就有3个是大学毕业生,每4个中就有1个有高等学位,这也是全美高教育水平者最为集中的区域[297]。

纽约还是许多知名私立大学的所在地,其中包括巴纳德学院、哥伦比亚大学、库伯联盟学院、福坦莫大学、纽约大学、纽约科技学院、佩斯大学和叶史瓦大学等。公立纽约市立大学系统是全美最大的大学系统之一,其中包括许多本科学院和社区学院。此外纽约还有一些规模较小的私立学院和大学,其中包括宗教学校和专业学校,例如圣若望大学、朱利亚德学院、曼哈顿学院、蒙特圣文森学院(英语:College of Mount Saint Vincent)、新学院、普瑞特学院、视觉艺术学院和瓦格纳学院。

福坦莫大学圖書館

纽约的科学研究主要集中在医学和生命科学领域。纽约在授予生命科学研究生学位的数量上排名全美第一,为40,000名持照医师和127位诺贝尔奖得主提供教育背景[298]。在所有美国城市中,纽约从国立卫生研究院获得的年度资金数目居第二[299]。主要的生物医学研究机构包括纪念斯隆-凯特林癌症中心(英语:Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center)、洛克菲勒大学、纽约州立大学州南部医学中心(英语:SUNY Downstate Medical Center)、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院、西奈山医学院和威尔·康奈尔医学院(英语:Weill Cornell Medical College)。2011年12月19日,纽约市市长迈克尔·布隆伯格宣布允许康奈尔大学和以色列理工学院斥资20亿美元于罗斯福岛上建设应用科学研究生院,旨在将纽约转变为世界的科技首都[300][301]。

纽约公共图书馆为全美藏书量最大的图书馆系统,服务于曼哈顿、布朗克斯和史泰登島[302]。下属数家科研图书馆,包括尚博格黑人文化研究中心(英语:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture)。皇后公共图书馆服务于皇后区,是全美第二大图书馆系统。布鲁克林公共图书馆服务于布鲁克林[302]。

经济[编辑]

主条目:紐約市經濟

2012年纽约市上市公司排名(按营收排名)附注纽约市与全美排名

纽约

公司

美国

1

威瑞森通信

16

2

摩根大通

18

3

花旗集团

26

4

美国国际集团

38

5

国际资产控股公司(英语:INTL FCStone)

39

6

大都会人寿保险

40

7

辉瑞

48

8

高盛集团

68

9

赫斯(英语:Hess Corporation)

75

10

纽约人寿(英语:New York Life Insurance Company)

89

11

美国运通

90

12

新闻集团

91

绿色为金融服务公司

于纽约市经济见总表

来源:《財富》[303]

纽约市是全球商业和经贸的枢纽,与伦敦和东京并列为世界上三个最重要的金融中心[304],此外还是全美的银行业、零售业、世界贸易、运输、旅游业、地产业、新媒体、传统媒体、广告业、法律服务、会计业、保险业、戏剧、时尚和艺术产业的中心。

根据2010年的数据,纽约都会区的都会生产总值(GMP,与国内生产总值概念类似)达到近1.28万亿美元[305],是美国最大的区域经济体。2008年年底,纽约掌控了全球40%的金融资金,使之成为全球最大的金融中心[306][307][308]。

位于华尔街的纽约证券交易所是世界上上市公司总市值最大的证券交易所[309]

在针对120座城市的研究调查中,纽约在吸引资本、商业和游客的能力上排名第一[310]。2012年7月,英国曼切斯特联足球俱乐部宣布将在纽约证券交易所进行首次公开募股[311]。

许多大型企业都在纽约市设立总部,财富美国500强中就有45家公司的总部位于该市[312]。同其他美国大城市相比,纽约还有较高比例的外国公司,平均每十个就业岗位中就有一个来自外国公司[313]。强大的吸引外资的能力使纽约在《FDi杂志(英语:FDi Magazine)》2013年的“美国未来城市”榜单中排列首位[314]。

房地产是纽约市经济成长的重要动力。2015财年纽约全市的地产总值估计为9,148亿美元[315],其中时代华纳中心的估值最高,在2006年达到11亿美元[315]。纽约同时还是全国乃至全世界最有价值的一些地产的所在地。2007年7月2日,公园大道450号以5.1亿美元的价值售出,每平方英尺价值约为1,589美元(17,104美元/平方米),打破了一个月前(2007年6月)由麦迪逊大道660号创造的每平方英尺1,476美元(15,887美元/平方米)的办公楼地产记录[316]。

纽约的电影与电视产业为全美第二大,仅次于好莱坞[317]。新媒体、广告、时尚、设计和建筑等创意产业的就业机会与日俱增,竞争力也相当强大[318]。

纽约是多条跨大西洋光纤缆线(英语:Transatlantic communications cable)的终点,由此促进了生物科技、软件开发、游戏设计和网络服务等高科技产业的成长[319]。其他重要的经济领域包括医疗研究与科技、非营利组织和大学。制造业在就业方面比例也很高,但近年在呈下降态势,其主要产品包括服饰、化工产品、金属制品、加工食品和家具等[320]。其中,食品加工业是纽约最为稳定的制造行业[321],产业价值达到50亿美元,员工数超过19,000人,巧克力是最主要的出口特产,年出口额达2.34亿美元[321]。

华尔街[编辑]

主条目:华尔街

2013年,曼哈顿的办公面积达到近52,000万平方英尺(5.2亿平方英尺,约4,810万平方米)[322],在办公市场上排名全美第一[323]。曼哈顿中城是全美最大的中心商务区[324]。

曼哈顿下城是全美第三大的中心商务区,其中世界上第一和第二大的证券交易所(按日均交易量和总市值)——位于华尔街的纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克交易所便位于此地[325]。金融服务收入占到了全市市民收入的35%[326]。华尔街投资银行的费用在2012年达到近400亿美元[327],而在2013年,在纽约从事风险管理的银行高管年收入能够达到324,000美元[328]。

曼哈顿金融区有时成为冲突的始发地,例如“占领华尔街”及其触发的全球范围内的“占领运动”。有时这类冲突导致了致命的后果,例如1920年的华尔街爆炸事件。

2013年7月,纽约证券交易所的运营商纽约泛欧证交所从英国银行家协会(英语:British Bankers' Association)手中接过了伦敦同业拆放利率的管理权[329]。

房地产[编辑]

房地产是该市经济的主要力量,2017年纽约市房地产总价值估计为1.072万亿美元,比上一年增加10.6%,其中89%的增长来自于市场影响。时代华纳中心在该市最具市场价值,2006年市值为11亿美元。纽约市房地产价值居世界上首位。公园大道450号于2007年7月2日以5.1亿美元的价格售出,均价17,104美元/平方米,打破了美国写字楼均价15,887美元/平方米的纪录。

法律与政治[编辑]

纽约市(五个行政区)总统选举投票结果[330]

年份

民主党

共和党

2012

81.19%

1,995,241

17.78%

436,889

2008

79.29%

2,074,159

20.06%

524,787

2004

74.99%

1,828,015

24.10%

587,534

2000

77.90%

1,703,364

18.23%

398,726

1996

77.10%

1,512,248

17.31%

339,537

1992

68.72%

1,458,784

24.00%

509,423

1988

66.17%

1,340,795

32.84%

665,407

1984

60.96%

1,343,875

38.66%

852,317

1980

54.88%

1,052,178

37.51%

719,278

1976

66.37%

1,423,380

32.95%

706,663

1972

51.46%

1,342,996

48.27%

1,259,873

1968

60.56%

1,582,681

33.94%

886,959

1964

73.02%

2,183,646

26.81%

801,877

1960

62.62%

1,936,323

37.04%

1,145,205

主条目:纽约市政府

曼哈顿市政府大楼是许多市政府部门的办公地点

自1898年合并建市以来,纽约市便采用市长议会制的政府组织形式[331]。纽约市政府要比美国其他城市的政府权力更为集中,负责公共教育、惩教机构、图书馆、公共安全、娱乐设施、环境卫生、供水和福利服务。市长和市议会议员由选举产生,任期四年。纽约市议会采取一院制,议员共51人,来自根据地理位置划分的不同选区[332]。市长最多能够连任二届,议员最多能够连任三届[333],但在中断四年之后可以重新参选。

纽约市政厅是全美最老的仍在行使政府职责的市政厅

现任纽约市长为艾瑞克·亞當斯,民主党人[334],2022年1月1日就职。前任市長比爾·白思豪在2014年就職,此前過去20年紐約市由共和黨主政,魯迪·朱利安尼及米高·彭博[335]先後成為紐約市長,在任期間大幅改善紐約市的治安及環境。

民主党占有大部分的公职。至2008年11月,67%的注册选民为民主党人[336]。自1924年以来,共和党从来没有在州选举或总统选举中在纽约市取得胜利。纽约的政党纲领主要涉及保障性住房、教育和经济发展问题,劳工问题也是十分重要的一个政治议题。

1975年,在经历财政危机和州政府救助之后,纽约市财政控制委员会建立起来以监督市政支出。委员会由七人组成,其中包括纽约市市长和纽约州州长[337]。1986年这一委员会不再直接管理市政预算,但它仍然保有监控市财政健康状况的指责[338]。

纽约市是全美最重要的政治献金获取地,五个全国政治献金最高的邮政编码归属地有四个位于曼哈顿,其中最高者是位于上东城的10021号,这一编码区为2004年总统选举候选人乔治·W·布什和约翰·克里提供了大部分的选举资金[339]。在联邦和州税方面纽约存在着很大的顺差:每向联邦政府上缴1美元的税收,收回83美分的联邦服务(即每年上缴比获取多114亿美元);每年向州政府上缴的也比获取的多110亿美元[340]。

每个行政区同时也是纽约最高法院的一个司法辖区,同时也受理其他城市和其他州法庭的事务。曼哈顿和布鲁克林分别是纽约最高法院上诉法院第一和第二区的总部所在地[341]。与其他大城市不同的是,纽约被分归两个美国联邦地区法院管辖(同时也是两个地区法院的所在地):美国纽约南区联邦地区法院,位于市政厅附近的弗利广场,管辖曼哈顿和布朗克斯;美国纽约东区联邦地区法院,位于布鲁克林,管辖布鲁克林、皇后区和斯塔滕岛。美国联邦第二巡回上诉法院和美国国际贸易法院同样位于曼哈顿的弗利广场。

環境[编辑]

更多信息:纽约市环境问题和纽约市食品和水源

紐約的公共交通使用率為全美最高,汽油消耗量与1920年代全美平均水平相近[342]。據2006年統計,其極高的公共交通使用率在當年就省下了18亿美制加仑(6,800,000立方米)的石油消耗量,光是紐約市省下的油量就達到是全美公共交通省油量的一半[343]。紐約市人口密度高,公共交通使用率高,汽車使用率低,使得之成為全美最節能的城市之一[344]。人均溫室氣體排放量只有7.1公噸,與全美平均24.5公噸相較起來要低很多[345],全市人口數雖佔全國人口2.7%,但溫室氣體排放量只佔全國排放量的百分之一[345],紐約居民所耗費的電量比舊金山居民耗費量的一半還少,是達拉斯居民的近四分之一[346]。

據2010年7月統計,紐約市有3,715輛混合動力計程車投入營運,数量为北美最多

近年來,紐約市開始實施計畫欲減低对環境的衝擊。市内大量且集中的空氣污染导致氣喘和其他呼吸道疾病在纽约市民身上的發生率较高[347]。市政府被要求只能采购最節能的設備,以供市政府辦公室和公共住宅使用[348]。此外,纽约有全国最多的使用清洁空气柴油混合動力和壓縮天然氣的公車[349],至2010年中有3,715輛混和動力計程車和清洁柴油車輛,佔全市計程車輛總數的28%,位居北美第一[350]。

紐約市政府曾在马萨诸塞州诉美国国家环境保护局案(英语:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency)中發起訴願,要求美國國家環境保護局將溫室氣體歸類为汙染物,此外市政府也主導綠色建築的興建,如赫斯特大樓[190]。

紐約市內的飲用水由卡茲奇山流域保护区供應[351],由於該地區水源得到保护较好,自然过滤系统完整,纽约成为全美四个不須經過水處理即可配送饮用水的大城市之一[352]。

治安[编辑]

主条目:纽约市治安

纽约市警察局交警警车

纽约市警察局有正式警员35,000人,数目在美国高居第一[353]。2012年,在全美大城市中,纽约的犯罪率为最低,谋杀率则为第二低[354],与1980年代和1990年代的犯罪高潮期相比要安全了许多[355]。至2002年,纽约的犯罪率与犹他州的普若佛相当,在全美人口超过100,000的216座城市中排名第197[356]。

1993年至2005年间,纽约的暴力犯罪数量下降了75%,并且在全国水平上升的同时保持持续下降[356]。2005年,纽约的谋杀率达到了自1966年来的最低点[357],而在2007年,纽约的谋杀案件数量少于500起,这是自1963年公开犯罪数据以来首次达到这一水平[358]。2010年上半年,95.1%的谋杀案受害者和95.9%的枪击案受害者为黑人或拉丁裔,此外90.2%因谋杀被捕的和96.7%因枪击被捕的人为黑人或拉丁裔[359]。2013年纽约的谋杀率达到了新低,并远低于美国其他大城市[360]。2012年,纽约市警察局的盘查搜身策略受到了争议[361][362][363]。

社會學家和犯罪學家目前對於犯罪率大幅下降的原因還未达成共識。有些人認為原因是紐約市警察局所採取的新策略[364],例如電腦輔助的CompStat(英语:CompStat)犯罪處理系統以及破窗效應理论的运用[365]。其他人則認為是因為霹靂可卡因热潮的消退及人口結構的改變[366]。还有人认为上世纪中期的犯罪潮源自汽车尾气排放造成的铅污染导致智力水平的降低和侵略性的增强,而纽约这样的大城市受其影响最严重。1970年代,铅从美国汽油中退出,纽约和其他大城市的暴力犯罪率开始普遍下降[367]。

有组织犯罪长期都是纽约的一大问题,1820年代即在曼哈顿五岔路出现了四十大盗(英语:Forty Thieves (New York gang))和蟑螂卫队(英语:Roach Guards)这样的团伙。20世纪由五大家族主宰的黑手党崛起,至今仍是当地规模最大和最有权势的犯罪组织[368]。20世纪末崛起的还有黑桃帮(英语:Black Spades)一类的黑帮团伙[369]。早至1850年,纽约便有超过200次帮派战争,主要在青年黑帮间进行[370]。如今纽约最知名的黑帮包括血幫、瘸幫、拉丁国王(英语:Latin Kings (gang))和MS-13[371]。

交通[编辑]

主条目:紐約交通

纽约是全美两个最繁忙的铁路车站的所在地,其中就包括大中央车站

纽约的公共交通系统多为24小时营运,为全美最复杂,规模最大,全美国1/3的公共交通使用者和2/3的铁路乘客居住于纽约都会区[372][373]。著名的纽约地铁是西半球最为繁忙的轨道交通系统,而大中央车站则是全球月台数最多的火车站。纽约还拥有世界上最繁忙的空域之一。乔治华盛顿大桥连接曼哈顿和新泽西州博根县,是世界上最繁忙的机动车桥梁[374][375]。

公共交通在纽约广受欢迎。2005年,54.6%的纽约人運用公共交通系統上班[376],而在美国其他地方,90%的人驾车上班,与之形成鲜明对比[377]。根据美国人口调查局调查,纽约居民每日花费38.4分钟前往上班,在全国大城市中时间最长[378],但由于公共交通的使用率较高,他们同时花费(相对于家庭收入)也较少,与其他城市居民相比,每年总共在交通上省下190亿美元[379]。

纽约地铁是美國线路最长和车站数量最多的地铁系统

纽约由美铁服务,车站分別位于宾夕法尼亚车站及大中央車站,连接东北走廊的波士顿、费城和华盛顿特区,以及提供通往其他北美城市的长途服务。纽新航港局客运总站是纽约城际巴士服务的总站,也是全球最繁忙的巴士站,每日服务7,000辆巴士和200,000名乘客[380]。

纽约地铁的車站达到468个,数目为全球最多,线路为美國最长,近年乘客数量約居世界第七位。值得注意的是,纽约地铁保持24小时运行,而多数城市则在夜间停止营运,香港[381][382]、伦敦、巴黎、上海、首尔[383][384]和东京都不例外。

纽约的交通系统还包括全美洲最长的悬索桥、同时也是世界最长悬索桥之一的韦拉札诺海峡大桥[385][386],世界第一条机械通风的行车隧道荷兰隧道[387],超过12,000辆黄色出租车(英语:Taxicabs of New York City)[388],连接罗斯福岛和曼哈顿岛的罗斯福岛空中缆车,以及将曼哈顿与城内城外诸多地点连接起来的渡轮系统。

截至2011年,位于皇后区的约翰·肯尼迪国际机场是北美国际旅客吞吐量最多的机场[389]

史泰登岛渡轮是全美最繁忙的渡轮线路,每年搭载近2000万旅客往来于斯塔滕岛和曼哈顿下城间5.2英里(8.4公里)的水域[390]。斯塔滕岛铁路系统专为斯塔滕岛服务。纽新港務局过哈德逊河捷运连接曼哈顿下城与新泽西州东北部,主要目的地为霍博肯、泽西市和纽瓦克,同样24小时营运,这意味着全球四个24小时营运的快速交通系统中有两个位于纽约(另两个是芝加哥地铁的部分线路及费城的港务局交通公司高速线)。

纽约的公共巴士数量为北美最多,通勤铁路系统为北美最大[372]。这一铁路系统由长岛铁路、大都会北方铁路和新泽西交通公司组成,将纽约市与市郊三州地区连接起来,最后汇集于大中央车站和纽约宾夕法尼亚车站,总共包括超过250个车站和20条线路[372][391]。

纽约是国际空乘旅客进入美国的大门[392],这一地区有三大主要机场,包括两个国际航线丰富的约翰·肯尼迪国际机场与纽瓦克自由国际机场,一个主要运营国内航线的拉瓜迪亚机场。虽然纽瓦克自由国际机场并不在纽约市内而在新泽西州,但习惯上被纳入纽约机场。IATA代码“NYC”即是这三个机场的合称。纽约有全美最繁忙的空域,2005年使用三个机场的旅客达到1亿人次[393],2004年从肯尼迪国际机场和纽瓦克国际机场出国的旅客占全美的四分之一[394]。纽约与新泽西港務局还计划通过第四个机场来扩充旅客规模,即位于纽约州纽堡附近的斯图尔特国际机场(英语:Stewart International Airport)[395]。

韦拉札诺海峡大桥是全球最长的悬索桥之一[385][386],横跨纳罗斯水道,连接布鲁克林和斯塔滕岛

纽约的高公共交通使用率、近120,000名单车者[396]和为数众多的步行上班者使之成为美国最为节能的城市[342]。步行和单车占全市交通方式的21%,而在全国范围内为8%[397]。2011年,纽约被评为全美最适宜步行的城市[398][399]。2013年夏季,花旗银行为纽约市赞助10,000辆公共单车[400],昆尼皮亚克大学的调查表明大部分纽约人都支持这一单车共享计划[401]。

纽约还拥有庞大的高速公路网络,与其公共交通系统相互补充,将之与新泽西州北部、威斯特徹斯特县、长岛及西南康涅狄格州通过数条桥梁与隧道连接起来。由于这些公路同时也是数百万市郊居民入城上班的干道,长达数小时的交通堵塞状况几乎每日都会发生,在高峰时段尤其如此[402]。

纽约虽然对公共交通相当依赖,但道路仍然是城市的重要组成部分。曼哈顿的道路布局(英语:Commissioners' Plan of 1811)在很大程度上影响了该市的发展。纽约的许多道路都成为了某一项产业的代名词,例如百老汇之于戏剧[403],华尔街之于金融[404],麦迪逊大道之于广告[405][406]和第七大道之于时尚。

军事[编辑]

汉密尔顿堡(英语:Fort Hamilton)是美军唯一位于纽约市的活动军事设施[407],于1825年创建于布鲁克林一个独立战争时期的炮台,是美国历史最久的军事设施之一[408]。如今汉密尔顿堡是美国陆军工程兵团北大西洋师以及纽约市征兵营的总部。同时,第1179交通旅、第722航空医疗分队也位于此处。

非活动的旧军事设施包括斯塔滕岛的华兹华斯堡(英语:Fort Wadsworth)和皇后区的托滕堡(英语:Fort Totten (New York))。这两处设施仍旧用于军事训练及国民警卫队的活动。

國際交流[编辑]

友好城市[编辑]

纽约在历史上有以下十二个友好城市:[409]

城市

國家

締結日期

东京

 日本

1960

北京

 中华人民共和国

1980

开罗

 埃及

1982

马德里

 西班牙

1982

圣多明各

 多米尼加

1983

布达佩斯

 匈牙利

1992[410]

上海

 中华人民共和国

1993.11.9[411]

罗马

 義大利

1992

耶路撒冷

 以色列

1993

伦敦

 英国

2001[412]

约翰尼斯堡

 南非

2003

巴西利亚

 巴西

2004[413]

全球推广网络[编辑]

2006年,纽约友好城市项目公司(Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.)重组并更名为纽约全球合作伙伴(New York City Global Partners),标志着纽约正透过该项目建设的全球城市网络,推广市民与决策者间的思想交流及创新。与纽约建立关系的历史性友好城市均被纳入该网络。[409]。

纽约全球伙伴城市列表

非洲

 加纳加纳,阿克拉

 衣索比亞亚的斯亚贝巴

 南非开普敦

 奈及利亞拉各斯

 肯尼亚内罗毕

亚洲及环太平洋地区

 印度德里

 印度班加罗尔

 印度孟买

 以色列特拉维夫[414]

 泰國曼谷

 中国广州

 中国重庆[415]

 中国上海

 中国沈阳

 香港

 阿联酋迪拜

 孟加拉国达卡

 越南胡志明市

 巴基斯坦卡拉奇

 马来西亚吉隆坡[416]

 菲律賓马尼拉

 韩国首尔

 新加坡

臺灣台北市

大洋洲

 澳大利亞墨尔本

 澳大利亞悉尼

欧洲

 荷蘭阿姆斯特丹

 荷蘭海牙

 荷蘭鹿特丹

 西班牙巴塞罗那

 爱尔兰都柏林

 爱尔兰贝尔法斯特

 德國柏林

 德國杜塞尔多夫

 德國汉堡

 德國海德堡

 德國慕尼黑

 比利時布鲁塞尔

 比利時安特卫普

 羅馬尼亞布加勒斯

 丹麥哥本哈根

 苏格兰格拉斯哥

 瑞士日内瓦

 芬兰赫尔辛基

 烏克蘭基辅

 葡萄牙里斯本

 盧森堡卢森堡市

 法國巴黎

 法國里昂

 義大利米兰

 俄羅斯莫斯科

 俄羅斯圣彼得堡

 挪威奥斯陆

 捷克布拉格

 科索沃普里什蒂纳

 瑞典斯德哥尔摩

 奥地利维也纳

 波蘭华沙

 土耳其伊斯坦布尔

北美

 美國马里兰州,巴尔的摩

 美國马萨诸塞州,波士顿

 美國伊利诺伊州,芝加哥

 美國加利福尼亚州,洛杉矶

 美國宾夕法尼亚州,费城

 加拿大安大略省,渥太华

 加拿大阿尔伯塔省,卡尔加里

 加拿大魁北克省,蒙特利尔

 加拿大阿尔伯塔省,埃德蒙顿

 加拿大魁北克省,魁北克城

 加拿大安大略省,多伦多

 加拿大不列顿哥伦比亚省,温哥华

 加拿大不列顿哥伦比亚省,维多利亚

 加拿大马尼托巴,温尼伯

中南美

 墨西哥莫雷洛斯州,库埃纳瓦卡

 墨西哥联邦首都区,墨西哥城

 墨西哥新利昂州,蒙特雷

 巴拿马巴拿马城

 哥伦比亚波哥大

 哥伦比亚麦德林

 阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯

 阿根廷科尔多瓦

 委內瑞拉加拉加斯

 智利圣地亚哥

 秘魯利马

 巴西里约热内卢

 巴西圣保罗

 巴西库里蒂巴

人文景观[编辑]

克莱斯勒大厦

世界貿易中心一號大樓,曼哈顿下城

紐約市曼哈頓,紐約華埠

自由女神像

联合国总部大楼

時報廣場夜景

法拉盛華埠

法拉盛草原可乐娜公园法拉盛大地球仪

紐約曼哈顿

布鲁克林华埠,布鲁克林区

華盛頓廣場公園

紐約公共圖書館

俯瞰中央公園

百老匯广场

購物,梅西百货公司

華爾街上的聯邦國家紀念堂

棒球紐約洋基隊

布魯克林大橋,纽约

曼哈頓中城西區的景觀

參見[编辑]

美國第51州

紐約州

注释[编辑]

^ 根据美国人口统计局估计,洛杉矶[137]和芝加哥[138]人口总和为6,572,655。

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^ 存档副本. 搜狐体育 [Sports Sohu]. [2019-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-12) (中文(中国大陆)). 

^ Barfield, M. The New York City-London sister city partnership (PDF). Greater London Authority. 2001-03. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010-01-22). 

^ NYC Global Partners Program (Brasilia). Nyc.gov. 2011-02-16 [2013-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2013-02-01). 

^ (Israel) Sister Cities. Tel Aviv. [2013-05-04]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-22) (美国英语). 

^ K1084-2011: Recognizing Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality of the People's Republic of China as a "Sister City" with New York City. New York State Senate. [2012-12-16]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-17). 

^ KL's Sister Cities. poskod.my. [2013-08-21]. (原始内容存档于2013-08-30). 

重要技术 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)

外部链接[编辑]

维基共享资源中相關的多媒體資源:纽约(分類)

(英語、孟加拉語、中文、海地克里奧爾語、波蘭語、西班牙語、俄語、法語、韓語和烏爾都語)紐約市政府官方網站 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)

(英文)紐約市官方旅遊資訊網 (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)

纽约农产品交易所

 与纽约市相关的条目和话题查论编 紐約市條目主題分類

歷史

時間線(英语:Timeline of New York City)

鄰近地區(英语:Neighborhoods in New York City)

族群領地(英语:New York City ethnic enclaves)

建築(英语:Architecture of New York City)

裝飾藝術(英语:Art Deco architecture of New York City)

紀念場所(英语:List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City)

摩天大樓

人物(英语:List of people from New York City)

媒體

經濟

公司(英语:List of companies based in New York City)

地理(英语:Geography of New York City)

氣候(英语:Climate of New York City)

旗幟

環境問題(英语:Environmental issues in New York City)

環境(英语:Environment of New York City)

食品與水(英语:Food and water in New York City)

鼠災(英语:Rats in New York City)

人口(英语:Demographics of New York City)

發展史(英语:Demographic history of New York City)

目錄

布魯克林區(英语:Brooklyn directories)

曼哈頓區(英语:New York City directories)

皇后區(英语:Queens directories)

行政區劃

布朗克斯區(布朗克斯郡)

布鲁克林区(金斯郡)

曼哈頓區(紐約郡)

皇后區(昆士郡)

史泰登島區(里奇蒙郡)

政治政府

市長

選舉(英语:New York City mayoral elections)

議會

區長(英语:Borough president)

社區委員會(英语:Community boards of New York City)

政治(英语:Politics of New York City)

市政機關(英语:List of New York City agencies)

應急服務

醫院(英语:List of hospitals in New York City)

消防

警察

犯罪率(英语:Crime in New York City)

執法部門(英语:Law enforcement in New York City)

應急管理(英语:New York City Emergency Management)

交通運輸

歷史(英语:History of transportation in New York City)

機構

交通局(英语:New York City Department of Transportation)

前交通局(英语:New York City Board of Transportation)

零死亡願景(英语:Vision Zero (New York City))

大都會運輸署

地鐵

公交車

史泰登島鐵路

長島鐵路

大都會北方鐵路

紐新捷運

橋樑與隧道(英语:List of bridges and tunnels in New York City)

街道

文化體育(英语:Culture of New York City)

藝術(英语:New York City arts organizations)

餐飲(英语:Cuisine of New York City)

方言(英语:New York City English)

圖書館

布魯克林區

紐約(曼哈頓區、布朗克斯區和史泰登島區)

皇后區

博物館(英语:List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City)

音樂(英语:Music of New York City)

暱稱(英语:Nicknames of New York City)

第六區(英语:Sixth borough)

體育(英语:Sports in the New York metropolitan area)

旅遊

花園(英语:List of New York City gardens)

地標(英语:Lists of New York City landmarks)

公園(英语:List of New York City parks)

社區花園(英语:Community gardens in New York City)

教育系統(英语:Education in New York City)

教育局

小學(英语:List of public elementary schools in New York City)

高中(英语:List of high schools in New York City)

高等院校(英语:List of colleges and universities in New York City)

歷史沿革

時間線(英语:Timeline of New York City)

史前時代至1664年(英语:History of New York City (prehistory–1664))

新阿姆斯特丹時期

1784年至1854年(英语:History of New York City (1784–1854))

1855年至1897年(英语:History of New York City (1855–1897))

內戰時期(英语:New York City in the American Civil War)

1874年吞併(英语:West Bronx)

1895年擴張(英语:East Bronx)

1898年擴張(英语:City of Greater New York)

1898年至1945年(英语:History of New York City (1898–1945))

1946年至1977年(英语:History of New York City (1946–1977))

1978年迄今(英语:History of New York City (1978–present))

9/11

COVID-19(英语:COVID-19 pandemic in New York City)

搬家日(英语:Moving Day (New York City))

坦慕尼協會

分類

資源

 地理位置

博根县(新泽西州)

威斯特徹斯特县扬克斯

(长岛海湾)

哈德逊县(新泽西州)泽西市

纳苏县

西

  纽约市  

米德尔塞克斯县(新泽西州)

蒙茅斯县(新泽西州)

(大西洋)

经纬度40°43′N 74°0′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000

查论编紐約州首府:奥尔巴尼主題

历史

地理

政府

都會區

奥尔巴尼 / 斯克内克塔迪 / 特洛伊

賓漢頓

布法罗 / 尼亚加拉瀑布城

埃尔迈拉 / 科宁

格倫斯瀑布

伊萨卡

詹姆斯敦

纽约

纽堡 / 米德尔敦

波基普西

羅徹斯特

锡拉丘兹

由提卡-罗马

奥尔巴尼

阿勒格尼

布朗克斯(即布朗克斯区)

布鲁姆

卡特罗格斯

卡尤加

肖托夸

希芒

希南戈

克林顿

哥伦比亚

科特兰

特拉华

达奇斯

伊利

埃塞克斯

富兰克林

富尔顿

杰纳西

格林

汉密尔顿

赫基默

杰斐逊

国王(即布鲁克林区)

刘易斯

利文斯顿

麦迪逊

门罗

蒙哥马利

納蘇

纽约(即曼哈顿区)

尼亚加拉

奥奈达

奥农多加

安大略

奥兰治

奥尔良

奥斯威戈

奥齐戈

帕特南

皇后(即皇后区)

伦塞勒

里士满(即史泰登岛区)

罗克兰

聖羅倫斯

萨拉托加

斯克内克塔迪

斯科哈里

斯凯勒

塞尼卡

斯托本

蘇福克

沙利文

泰奥加

汤普金斯

阿尔斯特

沃伦

华盛顿

韦恩

威斯特彻斯特

怀俄明

耶茨

查论编 美國50大都市

纽约

洛杉矶

芝加哥

休斯敦

鳳凰城

費城

圣安东尼奥

圣迭戈

達拉斯

圣何塞

奧斯汀

杰克逊维尔

沃斯堡

哥伦布

印第安納波利斯

夏洛特

旧金山

西雅圖

丹佛

华盛顿

纳什维尔

奧克拉荷馬市

艾爾帕索

波士顿

波特蘭

拉斯维加斯

底特律

孟菲斯

路易維爾

巴爾的摩

密尔沃基

阿布奎基

图森

弗雷斯诺

沙加緬度

堪薩斯城

梅薩

亚特兰大

奥马哈

科罗拉多斯普林斯

罗利

長灘

維珍尼亞海灘

迈阿密

奥克兰

明尼阿波利斯

塔爾薩

贝克斯菲尔德

威奇托

阿灵顿

2020年美國人口普查

查论编世界市区人口五十大城市   

东京 雅加达 德里 马尼拉 首尔 孟买 上海 纽约 圣保罗 墨西哥城

广州–佛山 深圳 北京 达卡 京都-大阪-神戶 开罗 莫斯科 曼谷 洛杉矶 加尔各答

拉哥斯 布宜诺斯艾利斯 卡拉奇 伊斯坦堡 德黑兰 天津 金沙萨 成都 里约热内卢 拉合尔

利马 班加罗尔 巴黎 胡志明 伦敦 波哥大 金奈 名古屋 海得拉巴 约翰内斯堡

芝加哥 台北 武汉 东莞 河內 重庆 奧尼查 吉隆坡 艾哈迈达巴德 罗安达

查论编历史上的美国首都第一次大陆会议(1774年)費城第二次大陆会议(1775年–1781年)費城 → 巴尔的摩 → 兰开斯特 → 约克 → 費城邦联会议(1781年–1789年)費城 → 普林斯顿 → 安那波利斯 → 特伦顿 → 纽约美国联邦政府(1789年至今)纽约 → 費城 → 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区

查论编波士顿-华盛顿城市带(东北城市带)主要都市区

纽约(市)

费城(英语:Delaware Valley)(市)

华盛顿(英语:Washington metropolitan area)(市)

波士顿(市)

巴尔的摩(英语:Baltimore metropolitan area)(市)

其他城市(人口超过100,000)

纽瓦克

泽西市

扬克斯

伍斯特

普罗维登斯

斯普林菲尔德

亚历山德里亚

帕特森

布里奇波特

伊丽莎白

哈特福德

纽黑文

斯坦福

阿伦敦

曼彻斯特

沃特伯里

剑桥

洛厄尔

查论编 纽约市大专院校综合性

哥伦比亚

纽约城市大学

福坦莫

长岛

新学院

纽约大学

佩斯

圣约翰

杜鲁

叶史瓦

文理学院

巴纳德

博里库阿(英语:Boricua College)

国王(英语:The King's College (New York City))

曼哈顿

玛丽山曼哈顿

默西(英语:Mercy College (New York))

圣文森山(英语:College of Mount Saint Vincent)

尼雅克(英语:Nyack College)

圣弗兰西斯(英语:St. Francis College)

圣约瑟夫(英语:St. Joseph's College (New York))

瓦格纳

艺术及工程

美國戲劇藝術學院

美国音乐戏剧学院(英语:American Musical and Dramatic Academy)

巴德研究生院(英语:Bard Graduate Center)

库伯联盟

佳士得(英语:Christie's Education)

时装技术学院(英语:Fashion Institute of Technology)

茱莉亞學院

商务实验研究所(英语:Laboratory Institute of Merchandising)

曼哈顿音乐学院

纽约艺术学院(英语:New York Academy of Art)

纽约电影学院

纽约科技学院

纽约工作室学校(英语:New York Studio School)

普瑞特

视觉艺术学院

SUNY海事学院

沃恩航空技术学院(英语:Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology)

医学及法律

布鲁克林法学院

爱因斯坦

西奈山

纽约法学院

太平洋东方医学院(英语:Pacific College of Oriental Medicine)

菲利普斯贝斯以色列护理学院(英语:Phillips Beth Israel School of Nursing)

纽约足科学院(英语:New York College of Podiatric Medicine)

洛克菲勒

SUNY下州医学院(英语:SUNY Downstate Medical Center)

SUNY眼科学院(英语:SUNY State College of Optometry)

康奈尔医学院

神学院

宣道会神学院(英语:Alliance Theological Seminary)

圣公会总会神学院(英语:General Theological Seminary)

希伯来协和学院

美國猶太教神學院

纽约协和神学院

纽约神学院(英语:New York Theological Seminary)

成人教育

布拉姆森ORT学院(英语:Bramson ORT College)

布莱尔克利夫(英语:Briarcliffe College)

德锐(英语:DeVry University)

吉布斯(英语:Gibbs College)

大都会(英语:Metropolitan College of New York)

门罗(英语:Monroe College)

其他

银行街教育学院(英语:Bank Street College of Education)

伯克利(英语:Berkeley College)

哥伦比亚大学教育学院

规范控制

WorldCat Identities

BIBSYS: 9054633

BNA: 000032207

BNE: XX450884

BNF: cb11938130m (data)

FAST: 1204333

GND: 4042011-5

ISNI: 0000 0001 2196 6726

J9U: 987007552649105171

LCCN: n79007751

NARA: 10045276

NDL: 00628906

NKC: ge130170

NLA: 35382461

NSK: 000568345

SNAC: w6zm66qw

SUDOC: 027311538

VIAF: 266415900

取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=纽约&oldid=81725021”

分类:​紐約市纽约州城市美国前首都大西洋沿海城市前荷蘭殖民地美国前州首府1624年建立的聚居地1624年荷蘭帝國建立荷兰西印度公司所建定居点纽约州哈德逊河岸定居点隐藏分类:​含有非数字formatnum参数的页面含有日語的條目Webarchive模板wayback链接引文格式1错误:日期CS1英语来源 (en)引用自1911年大英百科全书并包含维基文库引用的维基百科条目自2010年9月带有失效链接的条目Webarchive模板archiveis链接CS1匈牙利语来源 (hu)CS1美国英语来源 (en-us)使用ISBN魔术链接的页面含有英語的條目使用多个图像且自动缩放的页面含有拉丁語的條目含有法語的條目含有荷蘭語的條目使用人口模板的頁面有蓝链却未移除内部链接助手模板的页面含有西班牙語的條目包含BIBSYS标识符的维基百科条目包含BNA标识符的维基百科条目包含BNE标识符的维基百科条目包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目包含FAST标识符的维基百科条目包含GND标识符的维基百科条目包含ISNI标识符的维基百科条目包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目包含NLA标识符的维基百科条目包含NSK标识符的维基百科条目包含SNAC-ID标识符的维基百科条目包含SUDOC标识符的维基百科条目包含VIAF标识符的维基百科条目包含17元素的规范控制

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Tourism + Conventions | Explore the Best Things to Do in NYCBusiness in NYCEnglishEspañolFrançaisPortuguêsDeutschlanguageENstar_border Favorites (0)Now in NYCThings to DoEat & DrinkWhere to StayGuides & Experiencesstar_bordersearchmenuSavor NYCExplore the flavors of the five boroughs.Dig In Now CURRENT HIGHLIGHTSThere's no time like the present to plan a trip to New York City, with its constant energy and endless supply of sights, attractions and activities. Don't wait—a second spent in NYC is just too valuable to miss.ArticleMeet 6 “Spirited” Women Who Are Changing NYC’s Cocktail SceneDiscover how these bar owners, mixologists, and community advocates are innovating the City's bar scene.Learn Morearrow_forwardWhat’s Good in NYCWhat’s good in New York City? Everything. From delicious eats and iconic sights to our diverse neighborhoods and easily accessible transportation, there’s no better adventure than exploring the five boroughs. 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It’s where Babe Ruth became a baseball legend, where the sounds and styles of hip-hop were born and where you can feast on old-world classics in its own Little Italy.View BoroughBrooklyn Between its world-class nightlife and boundary-pushing cuisine, Brooklyn has earned an enviable reputation, but make no mistake—there's fun to be had for all ages.View BoroughManhattanFrom the bright lights of Broadway to the soaring elms of Central Park and beyond, Manhattan is an American icon. With the most recognizable skyline in the world, NYC’s most visited borough is full of excitement for every kind of adventurer.View BoroughQueensQueens can satisfy nearly every taste and thrill. From an endless selection of old-world cuisines to the scenic surf, it’s easy to explore the entire world in one trip around this borough. View BoroughStaten IslandNew York City’s southernmost borough is filled with historic attractions, beach views and global dining options—all just a ferry ride away.View Borougharrow_forwardTheBronxManhattanQueensBrooklynStatenIsland NewsletterWhat's good in NYC? From coverage of the latest attractions in the five boroughs to deals on Broadway show tickets, incredible cuisine and more, our emails will make sure you never miss a thing.United Stateskeyboard_arrow_down* Required FieldsSign UpBy clicking sign up, you are agreeing to the Terms and ConditionsTHINGS TO DONo matter what you’re into, you’ll find the best of it in New York City. See upcoming events and other Citywide highlights below.BROWSE ALL THINGS TO DOarrow_forwardBroadway & Performing Artsarrow_forwardMuseums & Galleriesarrow_forwardTours & Attractionsarrow_forwardEvents & Festivalsarrow_forwardShoppingarrow_forwardSportsarrow_forwardNightlifearrow_forwardHistoryarrow_forwardArticleThe West Indian Day Parade Celebrates Culture and CommunityFor a century, this festive event has brought together NYC’s extensive Caribbean community.Learn Morearrow_forwardGUIDES & EXPERIENCESNYC is one of the world's most diverse destinations. Explore the City's many cultural enclaves and see the five boroughs from every angle.BROWSE ALL GUIDES & EXPERIENCESarrow_forwardArticleLove Letter to NYC: Nigeria EaleyThe creator of NYC clothing brand TIER remembers his time growing up in Downtown Brooklyn.Learn Morearrow_forwardSAVOR NYCWhether you’re looking for neighborhood eateries, global flavors or immersive cuisine, finding a delicious experience in any part of the City is almost effortless. BROWSE ALL RESTAURANTSarrow_forwardArticleThese AAPI Chefs Reveal Their Own Spin on Lunar New Year Traditions Learn how these chefs are honoring the New Year with their own tasty tweaks. Learn Morearrow_forwardWHERE TO STAYNYC offers accommodations to fit every taste. Whether you’re looking to visit nearby attractions or be in the center of it all, these hotels will make the City your home away from home.BROWSE ALL HOTELSarrow_forwardArticleNYC Luxury HotelsExperience the City in grand style with a stay at one of these five-star accommodations.Learn Morearrow_forwardOur Distinguished SponsorsNEW YORK CITYThings to DoEat and DrinkWhere to StayGuides & ExperiencesBUSINESS IN NYCMeeting PlannersMembershipNewsroomTravel TradeAdvertise With UsVISITOR INFORMATIONWelcome to NYCCoronavirusAccessibilityWeather and ClimateTransportation© 2006-2024 New York City Tourism + Conventions. All rights reserv

Visitor Information | NYCgo | Your Guide to NYC Tourism

tor Information | NYCgo | Your Guide to NYC TourismBusiness in NYCEnglishEspañolFrançaisPortuguêsDeutschlanguageENstar_border Favorites (0)Now in NYCThings to DoEat & DrinkWhere to StayGuides & Experiencesstar_bordersearchmenuPhoto: Julienne SchaerVisitor InformationPlanning a trip to the five boroughs can be part of the fun, but there’s a lot of ground to cover. Check out our overview of the essentials, and dig deeper to find detailed info on transportation and other practicalities.Visitor InfoTransportationWeather & ClimateNYC: Above & BeyondInternet AccessPublic RestroomsTipping & CustomsAccessibilityWeddingsCoronavirusWelcome to NYCThe City is open and ready to be explored. Read on for plenty of pre-trip planning as well as how to navigate while here. And see the side navigation contents for quick links to information on transportation, weather, public restrooms and much more. Getting to NYC Whether you live across the Hudson or across the Atlantic, getting to NYC is easy. If you’re coming from outside the United States, check this page for visa information. Head to our coverage of arriving by plane, train, bus or car for all the details on airports, regional transit, city train stations and parking. Getting Around NYC New York is an excellent walking city, and getting around by foot is the best way to familiarize yourself with neighborhoods and their (sometimes subtle) divisions. Of course, sometimes you’ll need to move more quickly or cover great distances, for which you’ve got subways, buses and cabs at your disposal. Check out our guide for everything you’ll need to navigate public transit, hail a taxi or take the ferry across the harbor.International Visitors and Arrivals from Abroad Visas and ESTA

Visitors to New York City from outside the United States may need a visa to enter the country. For details, visit the US Department of State’s website. Some 40 countries (including Australia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the UK and members of the EU) are part of the visa-waiver program; instead of a visa, citizens of these countries can apply online for Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA) up to 72 hours in advance of travel to the US (valid for stays of up to 90 days). The application fee is $21. Canadians just require a valid passport to enter the US. Trusted Traveler Programs Fly through the lines at JFK, LGA and Newark. The Department of Homeland Security has introduced several programs that can help expedite security and customs screenings when traveling to and from the US, including New York City. The programs, customized based on travel needs and designed to enhance passenger experience, are available for US citizens and residents as well as those from certain foreign countries. Visit dhs.gov/tt to learn more about the options and their benefits. US Customs and Border Protection Recent improvements by US Customs and Border Protection have helped decrease wait times to enter the United States for both visitors and citizens coming from abroad. Among these are the Trusted Traveler Programs listed above, as well as self-service kiosks located in the international arrivals terminals at area airports and an app for smartphones and tablets. Discover what to expect when arriving from an international destination by watching “You Have Arrived,” a short instructional video; to learn more about the self-service kiosks and app, watch “Global Entry – The Quickest Way Through the Airport!” Tours and Visitor Passes Visit our Attraction Passes page to see which deal best suits your visit to NYC with this guide to passes that help you save on attraction admission prices. Most are preset but one also offers the chance to build your own itinerary. You can also join a tour with a guide and go by bus, bike, boat or other mode of transport to see the City. For a breakdown of city tours by type and theme, visit our Tours page.  Geography New York City is composed of five boroughs. While Manhattan and Staten Island are islands, Brooklyn and Queens are geographically part of Long Island, and the Bronx is attached to the US mainland. The boroughs are linked by bridges, tunnels and ferries.  Manhattan Island is roughly 13.4 miles (21.6km) long and about 2.3 miles (3.7km) across at its widest point. The Hudson River runs along its western shore, forming the border with New Jersey on the other side; the East River separates Manhattan from Brooklyn and Queens, while the much narrower Harlem River forms its northern border with the Bronx. Staten Island lies to the south across New York Harbor. Except at its northern and southern tips, the borough’s avenues run roughly north and south, and streets run east and west. One-way thoroughfares are common, with traffic moving east on even-numbered streets and west on odd-numbered streets. Fifth Avenue divides the island into east and west sides (for example, locations on 57th Street west of Fifth Avenue are designated “W. 57th St.,” and east of Fifth Avenue, they’re “E. 57th St.”). As you move farther east or west from Fifth Avenue, street addresses increase, usually in increments of 100 from one block to the next. For north-south avenues, 20 blocks equals a mile, and the street numbers increase as you go uptown. Blocks can be a useful measure of distance, but keep in mind your direction: walking uptown from 1st Street to 6th Street is about a quarter of a mile, but walking the same number of blocks crosstown, from First Avenue to Sixth Avenue, is approximately a mile. Useful Phone Numbers Here are some important phone numbers to keep handy during your NYC visit. Emergencies (police, fire or ambulance): 911 NYC government agencies and any questions or requests about City services (non-emergency): 311 or 212-NEW-YORK (639-9675) Directory assistance: 411 Printed NYC literature: 800-NYC-VISIT (692-84748) or 212-397-8222 (the latter is for international callers only), Mon.–Fri., 7:30am–5:30pm CT. Currency In New York City and throughout the United States, the dollar is the standard currency. This converter allows you to determine the value of other currencies compared with the dollar.Safety New York remains among America's safest large cities, but visitors should still use common sense to protect themselves and their property. Be aware of your surroundings, and make sure to always use licensed, reputable businesses for any services you need. For example, don’t hail livery cabs (as opposed to taxis) at the airport, and don’t rent bikes from companies that seem suspicious. If you’re not sure where to find legitimate businesses, the listings at nycgo.com are a good place to start, as are those published by the Better Business Bureau. Your hotel concierge should be able to answer questions on this topic and will be helpful if you need more information about neighborhoods in the five boroughs. Another useful resource is 311, the City’s official government services and information hotline.  Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs The legal minimum age for drinking alcohol in New York City (and throughout the USA) is 21. Many bars and nightclubs will ask to see photo ID before letting you in. Smoking (including all tobacco products, vaping products and marijuana) is prohibited in all public buildings, bars, restaurants and stores (plus some outdoor public areas). You must be 21 years old or over to buy cigarettes, e-cigarettes, vaping products, cigars or any tobacco products. It’s now legal for adults 21 or over to possess up to 3 ounces (85g) of cannabis/marijuana (or just 0.85 ounces/24g of concentrated cannabis) for personal use in New York, and officially licensed dispensaries where you can buy recreational marijuana products have begun to open—the first appearing in late 2022. Smoking rules still apply (you can’t smoke at outdoor dining areas at restaurants, for example). Possession of more than the permitted amount, and all other narcotics, is prohibited. Note that driving a vehicle under the influence of cannabis/marijuana or alcohol is a serious offense in New York, resulting in fines, possible jail time, and deportation (for foreign visitors). NYC Time Zone New York City is on Eastern Standard Time (Greenwich mean time minus four hours during daylight saving time, from about mid-March into early November, and minus five hours the rest of the year). EST is three hours ahead of Pacific Standard Time (California and the West Coast). New York State If you’d like to explore the rest of the state, visit iloveny.com, the official website for New York State tourism. NYC PRACTICALITIESPageGetting to NYC Getting to New York City—by plane, train, car or bus—is easy.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageGetting Around NYCHere's all you'll need to navigate the City subway, bus, ferry, bike or taxi. Learn Morearrow_forwardArticle15 Secret Subway TipsRide the rails like a local with these insights into the City's mass transit system.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageTipping and Sales Tax Here's a handy guide to help you when eating out, taking taxis and making purchases.Learn Morearrow_forwardPagePublic Restrooms Throughout New York City, there are restroom facilities you can use while you’re out and about sightseeing.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageWeather and ClimateHere's a brief overview of the weather across the year in NYC.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageInternet Access You’ll have no trouble keeping connected in the City.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageNYC: Above and BeyondBuild your New York City itinerary at the Empire State Building.Learn Morearrow_forwardPageWeddingsNew York City is among the world's most exciting and romantic places.Learn Morearrow_forwardArticleWiFi in NYCFind the best spots to get WiFi access in the City.Learn Morearrow_forwardarrow_forwardNEW YORK CITYThings to DoEat and DrinkWhere to StayGuides & ExperiencesBUSINESS IN NYCMeeting PlannersMembershipNewsroomTravel TradeAdvertise With UsVISITOR INFORMATIONWelcome to NYCCoronavirusAccessibilityWeather and ClimateTransportation© 2006-2024 New York City Tourism + Conventions. All rights reserv

紐約 - 維基百科,自由的百科全書

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1市名

切換 市名 子章節

1.1暱稱

2歷史

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2.1早期歷史

2.2現代歷史

3地理

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3.1氣候

4城市風光

5人口

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5.1建築

5.2公園

5.2.1紐約州立公園

5.2.2紐約市立公園

5.3行政區劃

6文化與生活

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6.1娛樂與表演藝術

6.2旅遊

6.3媒體

6.4飲食

6.5方言

6.6體育

7教育

8經濟

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8.1華爾街

9房地產

10法律與政治

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10.1環境

10.2治安

11交通

12軍事

13國際交流

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13.1友好城市

13.2全球推廣網絡

14人文景觀

15參見

16注釋

17參考資料

18外部連結

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紐約

250 種語言

AfrikaansAlemannischአማርኛAragonésÆngliscالعربيةܐܪܡܝܐالدارجةمصرىঅসমীয়াAsturianuАварअवधीAymar aruAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهБашҡортсаBasa BaliBoarischŽemaitėškaBikol CentralБеларускаяБеларуская (тарашкевіца)БългарскиभोजपुरीBislamaBanjarBamanankanবাংলাབོད་ཡིགBrezhonegBosanskiBasa UgiБуряадCatalàChavacano de Zamboanga閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄НохчийнCebuanoChamoruکوردیCorsuQırımtatarcaČeštinaСловѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟЧӑвашлаCymraegDanskDagbanliDeutschZazakiDolnoserbskiडोटेलीEʋegbeΕλληνικάEmiliàn e rumagnòlEnglishEsperantoEspañolEestiEuskaraEstremeñuفارسیSuomiVõroNa Vosa VakavitiFøroysktFrançaisArpetanNordfriiskFurlanFryskGaeilgeGagauz贛語Kriyòl gwiyannenGàidhligGalegoگیلکیAvañe'ẽગુજરાતીGaelgHausa客家語/Hak-kâ-ngîעבריתहिन्दीFiji HindiHrvatskiHornjoserbsceKreyòl ayisyenMagyarՀայերենԱրեւմտահայերէնInterlinguaBahasa IndonesiaInterlingueIgboIñupiatunIlokanoГӀалгӀайIdoÍslenskaItaliano日本語PatoisLa .lojban.JawaქართულიQaraqalpaqshaTaqbaylitKabɩyɛGĩkũyũҚазақшаភាសាខ្មែរಕನ್ನಡ한국어Къарачай-малкъарकॉशुर / کٲشُرKurdîKernowekКыргызчаLatinaLadinoLëtzebuergeschЛезгиLingua Franca NovaLimburgsLigureLadinLombardLingálaລາວLietuviųLatviešuमैथिलीBasa BanyumasanМокшеньMalagasyОлык марийMāoriMinangkabauМакедонскиമലയാളംМонголꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟमराठीКырык марыBahasa MelayuMaltiMirandésမြန်မာဘာသာЭрзяньمازِرونیNapulitanoPlattdüütschNedersaksiesनेपालीनेपाल भाषाNederlandsNorsk nynorskNorsk bokmålNovialNouormandSesotho sa LeboaDiné bizaadChi-ChewaOccitanLivvinkarjalaИронਪੰਜਾਬੀKapampanganPapiamentuPicardDeitschPälzischNorfuk / PitkernPolskiPiemontèisپنجابیپښتوPortuguêsRuna SimiRumantschRomani čhibRomânăArmãneashtiTarandíneРусскийРусиньскыйसंस्कृतम्Саха тылаᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤSarduSicilianuScotsسنڌيSrpskohrvatski / српскохрватскиTaclḥitසිංහලSimple EnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaGagana SamoaAnarâškielâSoomaaligaShqipСрпски / srpskiSranantongoSeelterskSundaSvenskaKiswahiliŚlůnskiதமிழ்తెలుగుТоҷикӣไทยTürkmençeTagalogTolışiLea faka-TongaTok PisinTürkçeТатарча / tatarçaTwiReo tahitiУдмуртئۇيغۇرچە / UyghurcheУкраїнськаاردوOʻzbekcha / ўзбекчаVènetoVepsän kel’Tiếng ViệtWest-VlamsVolapükWalonWinaray吴语ХальмгმარგალურიייִדישYorùbáVahcuenghZeêuws文言Bân-lâm-gú粵語IsiZulu

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  關於與「紐約」標題相近或相同的條目頁,請見「紐約 (消歧義)」。

紐約New York市紐約市City of New York紐約意象:從上方依序為: 曼哈頓、中央公園、法拉盛草坪公園大地球儀、布魯克林大橋、 大中央總站、自由女神像、聯合國總部大樓、 時報廣場

旗幟圖章標誌紐約市在紐約州的位置紐約紐約市在美國的位置坐標:40°42′N 74°00′W / 40.7°N 74°W / 40.7; -74[1]國家 美國州 紐約州郡 皇后郡 曼哈頓 史泰登島 布朗克斯 布魯克林歷史殖民地 英屬紐約省 新尼德蘭定居1624年建制1898年政府[2] • 類型市長議會制 • 行政機構紐約市議會 • 市長艾瑞克·亞當斯(民主黨)面積[1] • 總計468.484 平方英里(1,000 平方公里) • 陸地302.643 平方英里(800 平方公里) • 水域165.841 平方英里(400 平方公里) • 都會區13,318 平方英里(30,000 平方公里)海拔[3]33 英尺(10 公尺)人口(2020年估計)[6] • 總計8,804,190人 • 排名美國第1位 • 密度27,751人/平方英里(10,715人/平方公里) • 都會區19,979,477[4] • 聯合統計區22,679,948[5]時區東部時間(UTC-5) • 夏時制東部日光節約時間(UTC-4)郵政編碼100xx–104xx、11004–05、111xx–114xx、116xx電話區號212、347、646、718、917、929FIPS代碼36-51000GNIS代碼975772網站www.nyc.gov

「紐約」的各地常用名稱舊譯鳥約、鳥約市日本漢字紐育市 、紐約市[7]

紐約市(英語:The City of New York 或 New York City,縮寫為 NYC),通稱紐約(英語:New York),位於美國紐約州南端(非紐約州首府),為美國人口最多的城市、紐約都會區的核心、以及世界最大的城市之一,是對全球的經濟、商業、金融、媒體、政治、教育和娛樂具有極大影響力的國際大都會。紐約還是聯合國總部所在地[8],因此也被認為是世界外交的中心[9]。紐約也被稱為世界上最重要的城市和「世界首都」[10][11][12]。

紐約位於美國東北部,濱臨大西洋海岸,坐擁世界上最大天然港口之一的紐約和紐澤西港[13]。紐約市共有曼哈頓區、皇后區、布魯克林區、布朗克斯區、史泰登島區等5個行政區,每一個行政區也各自是紐約州的一個郡(英語:Administrative divisions of New York (state))[14]。1898年,五個行政區合併為現在的紐約市[15]。紐約也是全美國人口最密集的主要城市[16],2012年有8,336,697人居住於302.64平方英里(783.8平方公里)的土地上[17]。紐約都市區在全美的都會區中也高居第一,人口達到1980萬[18],同時也是全美最大的聯合統計區(英語:List of Combined Statistical Areas)的一部分,在大區中人口達到2340萬[19]。紐約也是美國語言和人口族群最為多元化的城市[20][21],在此使用的語言達到800種[22][23],而在2005年,全市有36%的人口是非美國出生的。

紐約的歷史可以追溯至1624年,荷蘭殖民者在這時候在此地建立貿易站,名為新阿姆斯特丹[24]。1664年,紐約及其周邊地區為英國所占[24][25][26]。美國建國後,紐約在1785年—1790年為首都[27],1790年,紐約取代費城成為美國第一大城市[28]。紐約市的標誌自由女神像在19世紀末20世紀初迎接了數百萬移民的到來[29],它同時也是美國及其民主制度的象徵[30]。

每年來到紐約的遊客達到5500萬[31],許多區域和地標為人們所熟知。不同媒體還將紐約選為世界上被拍照最多的城市[32][33][34]。時報廣場位於百老匯劇院區樞紐[35],有「美國十字路口」之譽[36],是世界上行人來往最密集的步行地段之一[37][38]和世界娛樂產業的中心之一[39]。城中的許多橋梁、高樓[40]和公園世界聞名。紐約的金融區以曼哈頓下城的華爾街為龍頭,有世界金融中心之稱[41][42],世界上最大的證券交易所(按上市公司市值)紐約證券交易所也位於此地[43]。曼哈頓的房地產是世界上最為昂貴的之一[44],其中國城是西半球最為密集的華人聚居地[45][46]。紐約地鐵是世界上最為發達的城市交通系統之一,提供24小時不間斷的服務[47]。紐約同時還是許多高等學府的所在地[48],其中包括常春藤聯盟的哥倫比亞大學以及紐約大學這兩所世界排名前30的學校[49]。

市名[編輯]

雖然一般寫作「New York City」,「NYC」的簡稱也在市區隨處可見,但「City of New York」才是紐約的官方名稱。紐約(New York)意為「新約克」——約克則是英國一處地名。來自英國約克郡的新移民們為了紀念當時的約克公爵,也就是日後的英國國王詹姆士二世[50],故得此名。紐約市的市徽,則有紐約的拉丁語名稱「Novum Eboracum」[51],直譯為「新埃伯拉肯」,「埃伯拉肯」就是約克在羅馬帝國時期的拉丁語舊名。

漢語「紐約」譯名首先由清末派遣出國的蒲安臣使團記名海關道志剛[52]在其1872年出版的《初始泰西記》中使用;早期還有「紐約克」「新約克」等翻譯[53]。

暱稱[編輯]

紐約市的暱稱「大蘋果」(The Big Apple)源自1920年代。當時《紐約晨遞報》的記者約翰·J·菲茨傑拉德在撰寫賽馬專欄時將紐約稱作「大蘋果」,以喻示該城在賽馬業中的顯赫地位,人人都願追逐之。這一名稱逐漸變得不再流行,但在1970年代時,紐約旅遊局的宣傳攻勢重新將「大蘋果」帶回流行文化中。這一暱稱便流行至今[54]。

紐約市的另一個暱稱是「高譚」(Gotham),最初由華盛頓·歐文在他的作品中提出,後來這一名稱在蝙蝠俠漫畫中作為其背景而發揚光大[55]。

紐約還被稱作「不夜城」(The City That Never Sleeps),這一稱號最早來自韋恩堡的一篇新聞報導[56],後來為馬丁·斯科塞斯1977年電影《紐約,紐約》的同名主題曲所發揚光大[57]。

有些歌曲中,也會提到及宣傳紐約,例如:美國饒舌歌手傑斯與美國歌手艾莉西亞·凱斯合作的歌曲《帝國之心》,以及美國創作歌手泰勒絲的歌曲《歡迎光臨紐約》。

歷史[編輯]

主條目:紐約市歷史

早期歷史[編輯]

在前殖民時期,紐約現今所在的地區為阿爾岡昆部落所居。勒納佩人(英語:Lenape)是其中的一支,他們居住在史泰登島、長島西部(包括現今的布魯克林區和皇后區)、曼哈頓及下哈德遜河河谷(包括布朗克斯區)[58]。

1524年,喬瓦尼·達韋拉扎諾成為第一個歷史記載的造訪紐約的歐洲人。達韋拉扎諾是一名來自佛羅倫斯的探險者,效忠於法國。他乘著太子妃號(英語:La Dauphine)進入今日的紐約港區,宣布此地為法國所有,並將之命名為新昂古萊姆(Nouvelle Angoulême)[59]。

西班牙探索者在葡萄牙人埃斯特萬·戈麥斯(英語:Estêvão Gomes)(效忠神聖羅馬帝國皇帝查理五世)的帶領下於1525年到達紐約港,並探索哈德遜河河口。他將之命名為「聖安東尼奧河」(Rio de San Antonio)。河流封凍使他無法繼續向上游探索,於是他於8月返回西班牙。在他的探索指引下,1527年的西班牙皇家地圖(英語:Padrón Real)成為第一張科學描繪北美東海岸的世界地圖。為了紀念他的貢獻,這張地圖將今美國東北部稱作「埃斯特萬·戈麥斯地」[60]。

1609年,英國探險者亨利·哈德遜在幫助荷蘭東印度公司探索西北水道尋找通往東洋航路的過程中將半月號駛入紐約港,從而重新發現這一地區[61]。他將通往內陸的水路稱為「北河」,即今日的哈德遜河。他認為這是一條通往海洋的支流,於是一直航行到今日的紐約州州府阿伯尼,但發現河道逐漸變窄且鹽水逐漸消失,證明這條河流並不通往海洋,於是轉航回到下游。他在這一地區探索了十日,並宣布此地為他的雇主所有。1614年,荷蘭將鱈魚角和德拉瓦灣之間的區域歸為己有,稱之為「新尼德蘭」(Nieuw-Nederland)[62]。

新阿姆斯特丹位於今曼哈頓下城,1664年英格蘭奪取此地,更名為「紐約」

1624年,荷蘭人在總督島建立皮草貿易點,由此歐洲人在新尼德蘭開始正式的永久居留。1625年在曼哈頓島上開始興建「阿姆斯特丹堡」,後稱作「新阿姆斯特丹」(Nieuw Amsterdam)[63][64]。荷蘭殖民總督彼得·米紐特(英語:Peter Minuit)於1626年從勒納佩人[65]處以60荷蘭盾[66](2006年約為1000美元)購得曼哈頓島[67],因此以價值24美元的玻璃珠購得曼哈頓的傳聞並不符實[68][69]。

1664年,新尼德蘭總督彼得·斯特伊維桑特(英語:Peter Stuyvesant)投降,將新阿姆斯特丹拱手讓給英國人。英國人隨即將此地更名為「紐約」,以海軍大臣約克公爵(即日後的詹姆士二世)命名[50]。第二次英荷戰爭結束後,英國正式獲取新阿姆斯特丹(紐約),以與荷蘭交換印度尼西亞的倫島。原住民之間的內戰和歐洲殖民者帶來的疾病使得勒納佩人的數量在1660年至1670年間大幅減少[70]。至1770年,勒納佩人的數量已經下降至200人。[71]。

1702年,由於黃熱病,紐約失去10%的人口[72]。在1702至1800年間,紐約總共遭遇七次黃熱病的侵襲[73]。

18世紀初,作為貿易港的紐約在英國統治下逐漸興旺。同時,紐約還成為了奴隸制的中心,1730年有42%的家庭擁有奴隸,在殖民地中僅次於南卡羅來納州查爾斯頓。[74]。大部分奴隸主擁有家奴,另一部分則將他們送出做工。奴隸製成為紐約經濟的重要組成部分,大量奴隸在港口、銀行和船運業工作。20世紀90年代,在建造新聯邦政府大樓時發現非洲人埋葬地(英語:African Burial Ground),其中埋葬著成千上萬殖民時代的非裔人。

1735年的在曼哈頓審判的曾格案件使出版自由在北美得到奠定。1754年,哥倫比亞大學根據喬治二世的憲章在曼哈頓下城建立起來,當時名為國王學院[75]。印花稅法國會(英語:Stamp Act Congress)於1765年10月在紐約集結。自由之子在同一時期組織起來,在接下來的十年中與英國駐軍頻繁發生衝突。

長島會戰於1776年在布魯克林展開,是美國獨立戰爭中規模最大的戰役

美國獨立戰爭中規模最大的戰役長島會戰於1776年8月在今日的布魯克林區內進行。美國在此戰中失敗,由此在紐約的軍事衝突減少,該城也成為英國在北美的軍事和政治中心。紐約此時成為保皇派(英語:Loyalist (American Revolution))和脫逃奴隸(英國承諾給予加入本方的脫逃奴隸自由)的庇護所,至少10,000名脫逃奴隸在英國占領紐約時湧入城內。1783年撤離日(英語:Evacuation Day (New York))英國從紐約撤出(紐約也是英國最後一個撤離的港口),並將3,000名獲得自由的奴隸安置到新斯科舍。其他自由奴隸則去了英格蘭和加勒比地區。

1776年9月11日,英美代表在史泰登島會面,這也是戰時唯一一次雙方試圖和平解決衝突。美方代表包括班傑明·富蘭克林,英方代表包括豪勳爵(英語:Earl Howe)。在英國占領紐約後不久,紐約爆發大火,近四分之一的市區建築被毀,其中包括紐約三一教堂[76]。

1785年,邦聯議會將紐約定為美國首都。紐約是《邦聯條例》下的最後一個美國首都,也是美國憲法下的第一個美國首都。1789年,美國第一任總統喬治·華盛頓在華爾街聯邦廳宣誓就職。在同一地點還召集了美國第一屆國會和最高法院,起草《美國權利法案》[77]。1790年,紐約超越費城成為美國第一大城市。

1840年的百老匯

在紐約州1799年的《漸進廢奴法案》之下,奴隸母親的孩子生來將為契約勞工,直至二十五歲之後方可獲得自由[78]。在獨立戰爭之後獲得解放的和脫逃的奴隸共同組成曼哈頓為數眾多的自由黑人人口。在幾位開國元勛如亞歷山大·漢密爾頓和約翰·傑伊的支持之下,紐約奴隸解放會(英語:New York Manumission Society)致力於推動奴隸制的徹底廢除,並建立非裔人自由學校(英語:African Free School)以教育黑人兒童[79]。直至1827年,奴隸制才在紐約州徹底被廢除,而此後黑人也仍然面臨著歧視的問題。紐約的廢奴運動持續下去,其中許多運動領袖都是自由學校的畢業生。1840年,紐約市的黑人人口超過16,000[80]。

19世紀,在貿易的持續發展和歐洲移民的推動下,紐約發生巨大的變化[81]。在《1811年委員會計劃(英語:Commissioners' Plan of 1811)》下,城市的街道覆蓋至整個曼哈頓。1825年伊利運河開通,將紐約港與北美內陸市場(農作物及其他商品)通過哈德遜河和五大湖連接起來[82]。同時,紐約的政治也開始受到坦慕尼協會(愛爾蘭和德國移民支持的政治機構)的主導[83]。

在19世紀30年代和40年代有許多知名的美國文壇人物居住在紐約,其中包括威廉·卡倫·布萊恩特(英語:William Cullen Bryant)、華盛頓·歐文、赫爾曼·梅爾維爾、魯弗斯·維爾莫特·格里斯沃爾德(英語:Rufus Wilmot Griswold)、約翰·基斯(英語:John Keese)、納撒尼爾·帕克·威利斯(英語:Nathaniel Parker Willis)以及埃德加·愛倫·坡。在舊商界精英的遊說推動下,1857年中央公園建立起來,成為全美國第一個景觀公園。

現代歷史[編輯]

1900年的曼哈頓小義大利

愛爾蘭大饑荒使大批愛爾蘭移民湧入紐約,到1860年,四個紐約人中就有一個出生於愛爾蘭(總共超過200,000人)[84]。同時,德意志革命也使德國移民大量遷入,1860年另外四分之一的城市人口來自德國[85]。

民主黨候選人在選舉中屢屢獲勝,紐約與美國南方也產生緊密的聯繫。1861年市長費爾南多·伍德號召紐約跟隨南方退出聯邦,但他的這一號召最終沒有成行[79]。在南北戰爭期間,對於徵兵法律的不滿導致1863年由愛爾蘭裔工人階級領導的紐約徵兵暴動[79]。

1913年的紐約夜景,中間的建築物是伍爾沃斯大樓

移民與黑人長期存在競爭,由此暴動演化為對紐約黑人和其財產的攻擊。暴動者將有色人種孤兒院燒毀,其中200名兒童幸得逃生[85]。此外他們還殺死近100名黑人,攻擊了更多,尤其是在港口區域。這是美國歷史上最為慘重的騷亂之一[86]。暴力活動導致許多黑人離開紐約前往威廉斯堡、布魯克林和紐澤西,至1865年,曼哈頓的黑人人口跌破10,000(1820年水平)。白人工人階級由此取得統治地位[85]。

1930年建築工人在帝國大廈上工作

1933年的紐約曼哈頓金融區

哈馬舍爾德(第二任聯合國秘書長)於紐約聯合國總部大樓外留影

1898年,布魯克林(當時為一個獨立城市)、紐約郡(包括布朗克斯的一部分)、里奇蒙郡和皇后郡的西部合併,正式成為現代的紐約市[87]。1904年,紐約的地鐵系統開始合併運作,幫助鞏固了這座全新的城市。20世紀上半葉,紐約成為世界工業、商業和通訊業的中心。

同在1904年,「斯洛昆將軍號(英語:PS General Slocum)」蒸汽船在東河起火,船上1,021人身亡。1911年,紐約三角內衣工廠發生火災,146名工人身亡,這是紐約歷史上最大的工業災難,它也促進國際婦女服裝工人聯合會(英語:International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union)的發展,推動了工廠安全標準的進步[88]。

1890年,紐約的非白人人口為36,620[89]。20世紀20年代,紐約成為非裔美國人從南部移民(英語:Great Migration (African American))的重要目的地,到1916年,該城已成為北美最大的非裔城市聚居地。在禁酒時期,哈萊姆文藝復興運動展開,黑人文學和文化生活得到興旺。經濟的繁榮推動大量摩天大樓的建設,塑造了紐約的20世紀天際線。

格林威治村的石牆酒吧,1969年石牆暴動的發生地,美國國家歷史名勝[90]

1930年的紐約

約1932年的紐約

正在建設中的洛克菲勒中心,攝於1933年12月

20年代初,紐約超越倫敦,成為世界上人口最多的城市區。紐約城市圈的人口在30年代超過1000萬,成為世界上第一座特大城市[91]。大蕭條時期,改革家菲奧雷洛·拉瓜迪亞當選市長,帶領紐約復甦,同時坦慕尼協會垮台,結束其八十年的政治霸權[92]。

第二次世界大戰後,紐約經濟再次繁榮。在戰時該城毫髮未傷,由此也成為世界的領頭城市,華爾街也成為美國經濟霸權的龍頭。聯合國總部大樓(1950年)的建設奠定紐約的政治影響,抽象表現主義藝術的崛起使紐約超越巴黎成為世界藝術的中心[93]。

1977年的紐約

1980年的紐約

2001年9月11日,聯合航空175號班機撞上世界貿易中心南塔

60年代,產業升級導致失業率上升,紐約遭遇嚴重的經濟問題,犯罪率持續上升,這一困局一直延續到70年代[94]。80年代,金融業的復興使紐約的經濟狀況得到好轉,但犯罪率仍然居高不下,並繼續上升直至90年代初[95]。在治安策略的改革、經濟狀況的改善、紳士化的進程和新移民的聯合作用下,犯罪率開始大幅下降。網際網路和新媒體的中心「矽巷(英語:Silicon Alley)」開始崛起。2000年人口普查中,紐約的人口達到歷史新高,而在2010年的人口普查中再次達到新高。

紐約是九一一襲擊事件中損失最為慘重的城市。世界貿易中心1號、2號和7號樓被摧毀,近3,000人死亡[96]。新的世貿中心(包括世界貿易中心一號大樓、九一一國家紀念中心和博物館及其他三幢辦公樓)還在原址重建當中。前兩幢建築已經完工,分別在2014年11月3日與2014年5月21日落成啟用[97]。於1909年7月19日開放的紐新捷運世界貿易中心站也在襲擊中被毀。2003年11月23日,臨時車站啟用。2016年3月4日,重建後的車站以新名稱世界貿易中心交通樞紐(World Trade Center Transportation Hub)正式啟用。[98]。世界貿易中心一號大樓落成後將成為西半球最高樓[99]及世界第6高樓,它的塔尖達到1,776英尺(541公尺),表示美國獨立的年份[100][101]。2012年4月30日起,這一建築已經成為紐約第一高樓[102][103]。

2020年3月,曼哈頓確診紐約市首例COVID-19病例。疫情在全美大流行前已在紐約感染造成大流行,截至2021年3月,紐約市已記錄超過30000人死亡,此次疫情造成大量企業倒閉。[104][105][106][107][108]

地理[編輯]

紐約都會區衛星地圖

紐約位於紐約州東南部,大致位置在華盛頓特區和波士頓之間[109],紐約市緊鄰哈德遜河,海上運輸極其便利,這使其得以快速發展成為一個貿易重鎮。紐約的大部分城區位於狹小的曼哈頓、史泰登島和長島,因此人口密度很高。

哈德遜河經過哈德遜河谷流入紐約灣,是紐約市和紐澤西州的分界線。一樣位在紐約市的東河流經長島海灣,將布朗克斯和曼哈頓與長島隔開。哈萊姆河位於東河與哈德遜河之間,分隔曼哈頓和布朗克斯兩行政區。布朗克斯河流經布朗克斯和威斯特徹斯特郡,是紐約市唯一皆為淡水的河流。[110]

紐約市的大部分地區都被人為的修整過,自荷蘭統治時期開始就有大量的填海造地工程在曼哈頓下城等地進行,如1970至1980年代的砲台公園城市計畫[111]。

紐約市的總面積約468.9平方英里(1,214平方公里),其中164.1平方英里(425平方公里)為水域,304.8平方英里(789平方公里)為陸地[112][113]。城內最高海拔位在史泰登島的托德山,約409.8英尺(124.9公尺),是緬因州南部的東部沿岸的最高地。[114]

氣候[編輯]

2012年10月29日,曼哈頓C大道被颶風桑迪帶來的風暴潮淹沒[115]

根據柯本氣候分類法,紐約屬於副熱帶濕潤氣候[116][117],它也是北美大陸最北端的屬於此氣候類型的主要城市。西北的城郊地帶位於副熱帶濕潤氣候和溫帶大陸性濕潤氣候的過渡區[116][117]。紐約地區年均見晴日達到234天,年日照率57%,年平均日照時間2,535小時[118]。

紐約冬季寒冷潮濕,盛行離岸風使大西洋的中和作用降低,然而大西洋和阿帕拉契山脈的共同作用使該城在冬季暖於同緯度甚至更低緯度的內陸城市,例如匹茲堡、辛辛那提和印第安納波利斯。冬季較冷,微潮,時而偏向寒冷,日最高氣溫低於0 °C(32 °F)的平均日數為16天,日最低氣溫低於−10 °C(14 °F)的平均日數為6.1天;夏季相對炎熱潮濕,日最高氣溫超過30 °C(86 °F)的日數年均有39天,超過35 °C(95 °F)的有3.8天。[119]最冷月(1月)均溫0.9 °C(33.7 °F),極端最低氣溫−26 °C(−15 °F)(1934年2月9日)。[119]最熱月(7月)均溫25.3 °C(77.5 °F),極端最高氣溫41 °C(106 °F)(1936年7月9日)。[119]年均降水量約1,260公釐(49.5英寸),分布較為平均;年極端最少降水量為663公釐(26.09英寸)(1965年),最多為2,046公釐(80.56英寸)(1983年)。[119]年均降雪量為76公分(29.8英寸),但降雪年際變化較大;1972–73年的降雪量最少,積累降雪量只有7.1公分(2.8英寸),1995–96年的降雪量最多,積累降雪量為192公分(75.6英寸)。[119]無霜期平均為235天(3月30日至11月19日);可測量降雪平均期為12月14日至3月16日。[119]

颶風和熱帶風暴相對較少,但偶有發生[120]。2012年10月29日,颶風桑迪帶來毀滅性風暴潮,淹沒了曼哈頓下城和其他地區的諸多街道、隧道和地鐵線路,並導致了市區和城郊許多地區的電力中斷[121]。颶風帶來的衝擊使人們開始考慮建造海岸防禦工事(如海塘)以降低此類災難發生的風險[122]。

紐約(中央公園眺望台城堡),1991–2020年正常值,1869年至今極端數據

月份

1月

2月

3月

4月

5月

6月

7月

8月

9月

10月

11月

12月

全年

歷史最高溫 °C(°F)

22(72)

26(78)

30(86)

36(96)

37(99)

38(101)

41(106)

40(104)

39(102)

34(94)

29(84)

24(75)

41(106)

平均最高溫 °C(°F)

15.8(60.4)

15.9(60.7)

21.3(70.3)

28.3(82.9)

31.4(88.5)

33.4(92.1)

35.4(95.7)

34.1(93.4)

31.7(89.0)

26.5(79.7)

21.5(70.7)

17.2(62.9)

36.1(97.0)

平均高溫 °C(°F)

4.2(39.5)

5.7(42.2)

9.9(49.9)

16.6(61.8)

21.9(71.4)

26.5(79.7)

29.4(84.9)

28.5(83.3)

24.6(76.2)

18.1(64.5)

12.2(54.0)

6.8(44.3)

17.0(62.6)

平均低溫 °C(°F)

−2.3(27.9)

−1.4(29.5)

2.1(35.8)

7.5(45.5)

12.8(55.0)

18.0(64.4)

21.2(70.1)

20.5(68.9)

16.8(62.3)

10.8(51.4)

5.6(42.0)

1.0(33.8)

9.4(48.9)

平均最低溫 °C(°F)

−12.3(9.8)

−10.7(12.7)

−6.8(19.7)

0.4(32.8)

6.6(43.9)

11.5(52.7)

16.6(61.8)

15.7(60.3)

10.1(50.2)

3.6(38.4)

−2.4(27.7)

−7.8(18.0)

−13.5(7.7)

歷史最低溫 °C(°F)

−21(−6)

−26(−15)

−16(3)

−11(12)

0(32)

7(44)

11(52)

10(50)

4(39)

−2(28)

−15(5)

−25(−13)

−26(−15)

平均降水量 mm(英寸)

92(3.64)

81(3.19)

109(4.29)

104(4.09)

101(3.96)

115(4.54)

117(4.60)

116(4.56)

109(4.31)

111(4.38)

91(3.58)

111(4.38)

1,258(49.52)

平均降雪量 cm(英寸)

22(8.8)

26(10.1)

13(5.0)

1.0(0.4)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.0(0.0)

0.25(0.1)

1.3(0.5)

12(4.9)

76(29.8)

平均降水天數(≥ 0.01英寸或0.25公釐)

10.8

10.0

11.1

11.4

11.5

11.2

10.5

10.0

8.8

9.5

9.2

11.4

125.4

平均降雪天數(≥ 0.1英寸或0.25公分)

3.7

3.2

2.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.2

2.1

11.4

平均相對濕度(%)

63

61

60

58

65

68

66

69

70

67

64

64

65

月均日照時數

162.7

163.1

212.5

225.6

256.6

257.3

268.2

268.2

219.3

211.2

151.0

139.0

2,534.7

可照百分比

54

55

57

57

57

57

59

63

59

61

51

48

57

資料來源:NOAA (1981–2010年相對濕度;1961–1990日照)[123][119][118][124]

紐約中央公園國際交換站,1869–1919在5號大道與64號街交口,1919年起在眺望台城堡。[125]降雪深度記錄始於1888年3月12日。[119]

城市風光[編輯]

曼哈頓夜景

曼哈頓下城日落時分的景色,最高層建築為自由塔

曼哈頓日落時分的景色

在帝國大廈東側拍攝的紐約市

在帝國大廈西側拍攝的紐約市

在帝國大廈北側拍攝的紐約市

在帝國大廈南側拍攝的紐約市

人口[編輯]

更多資訊:紐約市人口

人口比較

2000年統計[126]

紐約市

紐約州

全美

總人口

8,213,839

18,976,457

281,421,906

人口變化百分比,1990年至2000年

+9.4%

+5.5%

+13.1%

人口密度

26,403/mi²

402/mi²

80/mi²

家庭平均收入,1999年

$38,293

$43,393

$41,994

學士以上學歷

27%

27%

29%

國外出生人口

36%

20%

11%

白人(非拉丁裔)

35%

62%

67%

黑人

28%

16%

12%

拉丁裔(不分人種)

27%

15%

11%

亞洲人

10%

6%

4%

歷史人口年份人口±% 16984,937—     17125,840+18.3% 17237,248+24.1% 173710,664+47.1% 174611,717+9.9% 175613,046+11.3% 177121,863+67.6% 179049,401+126.0% 180079,216+60.4% 1810119,734+51.1% 1820152,056+27.0% 1830242,278+59.3% 1840391,114+61.4% 1850696,115+78.0% 18601,174,779+68.8% 18701,478,103+25.8% 18801,911,698+29.3% 18902,507,414+31.2% 19003,437,202+37.1% 19104,766,883+38.7% 19205,620,048+17.9% 19306,930,446+23.3% 19407,454,995+7.6% 19507,891,957+5.9% 19607,781,984−1.4% 19707,894,862+1.5% 19807,071,639−10.4% 19907,322,564+3.5% 20008,008,288+9.4% 20108,175,133+2.1% 20168,537,673+4.4% 20208,804,190+3.1%注釋:統計數據(1790–2010)包括今全部五個行政區,不分1898年合併前後[127]。來源: 1698–1771年[128]、1790–1890年[127][129]、1900–1990年[130]、2000年和2010年人口普查[131][132]、2016年估計[133]。

布魯克林的猶太社區為全美最大,達到600,000人[134]

紐約是全美人口最多的城市[135][136],2016年達到近8,537,673人,為歷史新高[17],且多於第二大(洛杉磯)和第三大(芝加哥)城市人口的總和[注 1]。

美國人口普查局在2010年統計紐約人口為8,175,133人,但市長麥克·彭博立即表示這一數字偏低[139]。根據統計局數字,紐約市的人口占到全紐約州的40%。2006年,人口統計學家預測2030年紐約的人口將達到920萬至950萬[140]。2010年紐約人口44%為白人(33.3%非拉丁裔白人),25.5%為黑人(23%非拉丁裔黑人),0.7%為美洲原住民,12.7%為亞裔[17]。拉丁裔美國人占總人口的28.6%[17],而亞裔則為2000年至2010年間數量上升最快的群體;非拉丁裔白人人口下降了3%,這也是數十年來最小的下降額;自南北戰爭以來,黑人人口首次在十年中下降[139]。在美國非裔美國人大遷徙(Great Migration)中,紐約的黑人人口激增。[141]

2010年,紐約的人口密度為27,532人每平方英里(10,630人每平方公里),在全美人口超過100,000的城市中排名第一,但根據2000年數據,臨近位於紐澤西州哈德遜郡的一些小城市(人口少於100,000)人口密度要更高[142]。曼哈頓(紐約郡)的人口密度為66,940人每平方英里(25,846人每平方公里)[143],為全美人口最稠密的郡[144],密度比任何一個美國城市都要大[145]。

曼哈頓華埠景象。紐約是亞洲外最大的海外華人聚居地[146]

紐約一直以來便是外國移民入境美國的口岸,在1892年至1924年間就有超過1200萬歐洲移民經由埃利斯島入境美國[147]。「大熔爐」一詞最早便被用於形容下東城許多移民密集居住的街區。至1900年,德國人成為紐約最大的移民團體,其次為愛爾蘭人、猶太人和義大利人[148]。1940年,白人占全市人口的92%[149]

如今紐約近37%的人口出生於海外[150][151],其中沒有哪個國家或地區的人口占顯著多數[150]。截至2011年,十個最主要的海外出生人口來源地為:多米尼加共和國、中華人民共和國、墨西哥、蓋亞那、牙買加、厄瓜多、海地、印度、俄羅斯及千里達及托巴哥[152],而孟加拉裔移民則增長最快,2013年達到74,000人[153]。儘管大西洋的移民大浪潮早已退去,全球的交通方式也越發多樣化,紐約仍然是來到美國的合法移民的最主要入境城市,在數目上遠超兩大次主要入境城市——洛杉磯和邁阿密的總和[154][155][156][157]

法拉盛緬街中國銀行。

紐約極具種族多元[158],以色列之外最大的猶太社區即位於此[159],同時有全國20%的印度裔人口和至少20個小印度區,全國15%的韓裔人口和四個韓國街(英語:Koreatown, Manhattan)[160][161];西半球最多的印度裔人口,全美最多的俄裔[162]、義大利裔、非裔和南美裔[162]及第二多的拉丁裔人口;單單在紐約市內就有六個中國城[163],2010年統計都市區內的海外華人人口為682,265[160],為亞洲外最多[146]。曼哈頓華埠以及新生的布魯克林華埠和法拉盛華埠持續繁榮,華人也在持續遷入紐約和鄰近地區[162][164][165][166]。來自中國的人口在紐約是增長最迅速的。

布魯克林華埠,紐約。從中國人的構成在紐約和布魯克林最迅速增長的人口

根據2010年人口普查,紐約市的亞裔人口超過100萬,多於舊金山和洛杉磯的總和[167],市區的亞裔人口為全美最多[168]。2010年,紐約6.0%的人口為華裔,其中40%居住於皇后區;韓裔占到1.2%,日裔占0.3%;菲裔為東南亞族群最多,占0.8%,其次為越裔,占0.2%;印度裔為南亞族群最多,占2.4%,隨後是孟加拉裔和巴基斯坦裔,各占0.7%和0.5%[169]。

由於總人口龐大,紐約的歐裔(非拉丁裔)白人人口亦是在全美各大城市(市區)中最多,2012年達到270萬,超過洛杉磯(110萬)、芝加哥(86.5萬)和休士頓(55萬)白人人口的總和[170]。歐裔美國人人口非常多樣化,根據12年統計局估計,義大利裔人口達560,000人,愛爾蘭裔385,000人,德裔253,000人,俄裔223,000人,波蘭裔201,000人,英裔137,000人,希臘裔和法裔各約65,000人,匈牙利裔60,000人,烏克蘭裔55,000人,蘇格蘭裔35,000人,挪威裔(英語:Norwegian American)和瑞典裔各20,000人。此外,捷克裔(英語:Czech American)、立陶宛裔、葡萄牙裔、蘇格蘭-愛爾蘭裔和威爾斯裔(英語:Welsh American)各有12,000至14,000人不等[171]。

此外紐約都會區內的海地、多明尼加[172]和波多黎各人口也為數眾多。愛爾蘭人亦是如此,每50個紐約人中就有一個攜帶從尼亞爾(公元5世紀愛爾蘭國王)的部落[173]或是布留因和菲亞克拉克部落[174]中傳下來的獨特Y染色體標記。

2011年紐約同性戀自豪日[175]

紐約都會區同時還有全美最多的同性戀族群,達到568,903人[175],比舊金山還多。2011年6月24日,紐約州正式同性婚姻合法化,並於30日後正式生效[176]。

紐約的貧富差距狀況也較為突出。2005年,最富有的人口普查區的家庭收入中值為188,697美元,而在最貧困的人口普查區則為9,320美元[177],導致這一差距的原因是高收入人群薪酬的增加和中低收入人群薪酬增長的停滯。2013年第一季度,紐約郡的平均周薪為2,448美元,在全美所有郡中為最高[178]。紐約還是世界上最多億萬富翁的聚集地,數目超過排名第二至第六的美國城市的總和[179][180][181],其中前市長麥克·彭博便是億萬富翁之一[182]。

建築[編輯]

更多資訊:紐約市建築和紐約市最高建築列表

布魯克林區19世紀的褐石排房

曼哈頓下城世界貿易中心一號大樓

紐約有許多來自不同年代不同風格的建築。老建築舊至布魯克林區1656年的鹽屋式建築——懷科夫宅(英語:Wyckoff House),新建築新至位於曼哈頓下城原爆點興建中的世界最貴辦公樓[183]——世界貿易中心一號大樓。

曼哈頓的布滿摩天大樓的天際線廣為人知,在歷史上,紐約是世界上許多世界級高樓的所在地。截至2011年,紐約有5,937幢高層建築物,其中550幢高度超過100米,在這兩項指標上都僅次於香港位列世界第二[184][185],同時有超過50幢高度超過200米,其中包括1913年建成的哥德復興式建築伍爾沃斯大樓,其裝飾雕刻十分醒目,從百英尺下即可目視。

1916年都市規劃方案(英語:1916 Zoning Resolution)規定高樓必須採用後縮式設計,且塔樓面積須為該地塊的一定百分比,如此可使陽光照射至街道[186]。兩幢紐約的裝飾風建築——克萊斯勒大廈(1930年建成)和帝國大廈(1931年建成)及其頂端和不鏽鋼材質的尖塔便是此規劃方案的結果。這兩幢建築各有十分獨特的裝飾風格(例如克萊斯勒大廈61樓角落的鷹飾),也被認為是裝飾風的最佳代表[187]。

建築技術的發展讓紐約市裡的低矮歐式傳統建築逐漸變成垂直攀升的摩天大樓,特別是在商業區裡,形成了紐約市特別的城市景觀。據2009年統計,紐約有5,794座高樓,居全美第一,世界第二,僅次香港[188],其中有35座高度超過200米,是擁有最多摩天大樓的城市[189]。目前紐約第七高樓帝國大廈(樓板高381米,加天線447米)在1931—1972年的41年裡都是世界第一高樓,是世界上保持世界第一高樓最久的建築。現在也是紐約主要的標誌之一。國際式(英語:International Style (architecture))建築的突出代表西格拉姆大廈(1957年建成)從正面可見其鮮明的古銅色工字梁建築結構,而康德納斯特大樓(2000年建成)則是美國摩天大樓中採用綠色設計的代表[190]。

紐約住宅區的建築特色多為雅致的褐石排屋、聯排別墅和老舊的公寓樓,這些建築約在1870年至1930年間大批建造[191]。相比較之下,紐約還有其他人口不那麼密集的區域,在這些區域內有較多獨立式的建築,風格多樣,如都鐸復興式(英語:Tudor Revival architecture)和維多利亞式[192][193][194]。

在1835年紐約大火災(英語:Great Fire of New York)後,木製建築興建減少,石頭和磚頭成為了建築的主要材質[195]。紐約與巴黎的建築材質不同,巴黎用的是當地產的石灰石,紐約則使用遠方採石場運來的石頭,有不同的質地和顏色,因此市容較多變化[196]。木質頂的水塔是紐約一種獨特的建築形式——在19世紀初,紐約市要求超過六層的建築自建水塔,以防止底層的高水壓導致城市水管破裂[197]。20世紀20年代,田園城市理論開始在偏僻地帶流行[198]。

公園[編輯]

主條目:紐約市公園列表

紐約市的公園受到三套不同的公園體系管轄,包括美國國家公園管理局、紐約州公園管理局以及紐約市公園管理局。

根據2013年《公共土地公信力(英語:The Trust for Public Land)》公園排名榜報告,紐約市公園系統在美國人口最多的50大城市中位列第二,緊隨明尼亞波利斯公園系統其後[199]。該排行榜基於分析公園大小、土地面積占全市面積百分比、在公園半英里內的城市居民百分比、每位居民花在公園服務的時間、每萬名居民對應的運動場數量等各項數據的均值得出。

主條目:美國國家公園管理局

自由女神像

蓋特韋國家休閒區(英語:Gateway National Recreation Area)占地達到26,000英畝(110平方公里),其中大部分都位於紐約市[200]。在其範圍內包括位於布魯克林和皇后區的牙買加灣野生動物保護區,它是國家公園系統中唯一的野生動物區,有面積達9,000英畝(36平方公里)的鹽鹼灘、島嶼和水域,涵蓋牙買加灣大部。

自由女神像國家紀念區和埃利斯島移民博物館都歸美國國家公園管理局管轄,都同時屬於紐約和紐澤西兩州。在紐約港同時還有總督島國家紀念園區(英語:Governors Island National Monument)。在曼哈頓島上有柯林頓堡國家紀念區、聯邦國家紀念堂、

狄奧多·羅斯福出生地(英語:Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site)、格蘭特將軍國家紀念堂、非裔人埋葬地國家紀念區(英語:African Burial Ground National Monument)及漢密爾頓住宅國家紀念區(英語:Hamilton Grange National Memorial)等。此外還有數百幢私人建築被列入國家史跡名錄或列為美國國家歷史名勝,例如同性戀權利運動的首發地,格林威治村的石牆酒吧[201][202]。

紐約州立公園[編輯]

紐約市內有7個州立公園[203],其中包括自然保護區粘土坑池塘州立公園(英語:Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve)和面積達28英畝(110,000平方公尺),距哈德遜河河面69英尺(21公尺)的河岸州立公園(英語:Riverbank State Park)。

紐約市立公園[編輯]

布朗克斯動物園是世界上最大的城市動物園[204]。圖為動物園中的馴鹿

紐約市有超過28,000英畝(110平方公里)的市立公園和超過14英里(23公里)的公共海灘[205]。公園包括中央公園、展望公園、法拉盛草原可樂娜公園、森林公園(英語:Forest Park (Queens))和華盛頓廣場公園。培罕灣公園(英語:Pelham Bay Park)是市內最大的公園,面積達到2,700英畝(11平方公里)[206]。

中央公園位於曼哈頓,面積883英畝(3.57平方公里),是全美造訪人數最多的公園,每年遊客達到2500萬[207]。公園中有諸多景觀,包括湖泊和池塘、滑冰場、中央公園動物園、中央公園溫室花園(英語:Central Park Conservatory Garden)、面積達106英畝(0.43平方公里)的傑基·奧納西斯水庫。室內景觀有美景城堡。

展望公園位於布魯克林,擁有面積達90英畝(0.36平方公里)的草原、湖泊和林地[208]。

法拉盛草原可樂娜公園位於皇后區,是紐約第三大的公園,也是1939年和1964年世界博覽會的舉辦地。

布朗克斯區其中五分之一的面積(近7,000英畝(28平方公里))屬於公共場地和公園,包含范可蘭公園(英語:Van Cortlandt Park)、培罕灣公園(英語:Pelham Bay Park)、布朗克斯動物園和紐約植物園[209]。

行政區劃[編輯]

更多資訊:行政區 (紐約市)

五行政區:①曼哈頓,②布魯克林,③皇后區,④布朗克斯,⑤史泰登島

紐約的五個行政區概觀

轄區

人口

陸地面積

行政區

2012年7月1日估計

平方英里

平方公里

曼哈頓

紐約

1,619,090

23

59

布朗克斯

布朗克斯

1,408,473

42

109

布魯克林

國王

2,565,635

71

183

皇后區

皇后

2,272,771

109

283

史泰登島

里奇蒙

470,728

58

151

紐約市

8,336,697

303

786

紐約州

19,570,261

47,214

122,284

資料來源:美國人口普查局[210][211][212]

紐約市面積廣大,分為五個行政區[213],與紐約州下轄的郡重疊。每一行政區還可細分為街區,許多的街區有不同的歷史和特色。如果將這些行政區劃分為獨立的城市,其中四個街區(布魯克林、皇后區、曼哈頓島和布朗克斯)將會是全美前十多人居住的城市。

曼哈頓(紐約郡):人口最稠密的行政區[145],中央公園和紐約大部分摩天大樓的所在地,大部分都位於哈德遜河口的曼哈頓島上。曼哈頓也是紐約甚至世界的金融中心,許多大企業的總部、聯合國總部、許多重要的大學和文化景點都位於此處,其中還包含大都會博物館等多座知名博物館、百老匯區、格林威治村和麥迪遜廣場花園。曼哈頓可粗略區分為下城、中城和上城,上城以中央公園為界可分為上西城和上東城,公園以北就是哈林區。紐約的其他四個區被統稱為「外區」。

布朗克斯(布朗克斯郡):最北的行政區,紐約洋基的主場洋基體育場位於此地。除了曼哈頓的大理石丘外,布朗克斯是紐約市唯一與美國本土相接的區域。世界上最大的市內動物園[204]布朗克斯動物園也位於此地,面積達265英畝(1.07平方公里),居住動物達6,000頭[214]。同時,布朗克斯還是饒舌樂和嘻哈文化的發源地[215]。

布魯克林(國王郡):人口最多的行政區,位於長島西端,在1898年以前仍是獨立的城市。此區的文化、社會和種族極富多元性,帶有獨立藝術情調以及建築傳統。除了曼哈頓外,布魯克林是唯一有中心商業區的行政區。此外,此區還有一條長海岸線,其中的科尼島於19世紀70年代設立,是全國最早的遊樂設施之一[216]。

皇后區(皇后郡):面積最大的行政區,位於長島布魯克林的東側,也是全美種族最多元的郡[217],其人口成長的速度將會使該區打破布魯克林成為人口最多的行政區。過去此區由一些荷蘭移民所創立的小城鎮和村莊組成,今日則發展為重要的商業和住宅區。這裡也是全美唯一一個非裔美國人收入大於白人的郡(年收入約$52,000)[218]。皇后區有紐約大都會的花旗球場,是美國網球公開賽的舉辦地。交通方面,紐約都會區的三個主要機場中有兩個——甘迺迪國際機場和拉瓜地亞機場——位於此區(第三個是位於紐澤西州紐華克的紐華克自由國際機場)。

史泰登島(里奇蒙郡):最郊區的行政區,分別藉由韋拉札諾海峽大橋和史泰登島渡輪與布魯克林和曼哈頓連接。史泰登島渡輪是紐約的相當熱門的景點,因為它能提供欣賞自由女神像、埃利斯島和曼哈頓下城的最佳視野。在史泰登島中部有2,500英畝(10平方公里)的林帶,其中有近28英里(45公里)的步道和紐約市內最後一片無人破壞的森林[219]。

文化與生活[編輯]

更多資訊:紐約市文化

大都會藝術博物館位於曼哈頓上東城卡耐基山(英語:Carnegie Hill)的博物館區,是世界上最大的博物館[220]

冰島[10]和拉脫維亞[221]的領事及紐約市立大學柏魯克分校[222]都將紐約稱作世界的文化首都,同樣澳洲國家圖書館在其收藏的一系列文章中也做了類似表述[10]。作家湯姆·沃爾夫曾說:「文化似乎就在空氣之中,就如天氣一般[223]。」

許多重要的美國文化運動都在紐約展開,例如哈萊姆文藝復興便奠定了非裔美國人的文學經典[224][225]。在20世紀40年代,紐約是爵士樂的中心之一[226];在50年代是抽象表現主義藝術的中心;在70年代是嘻哈文化的發源地[227];在七八十年代,紐約的朋克[228]和硬核文化[229]影響巨大。同時,猶太美國人文學在紐約也長期興旺。

分領域來看,紐約對於文化的貢獻在文學和視覺藝術方面有哈萊姆文藝復興;在繪畫方面有抽象表現主義(又稱「紐約派」);在音樂方面有嘻哈音樂[215]、朋克搖滾、騷沙音樂、迪斯科、自由風音樂(英語:Freestyle music)、叮砰巷及爵士樂;同時還被認為是世界舞蹈之都[230][231][232]。在流行文化中紐約有極高的地位,時常成為文學、電影和電視的背景設定。

2014年美國全球語言觀察機構(GLM)公布最新調查指出,根據過去三年透過字詞使用分析趨勢,紐約擠下巴黎成為全球排名第一的時尚城市。[233]

娛樂與表演藝術[編輯]

參見:紐約市音樂

林肯中心是紐約愛樂等表演團體的所在地

紐約是美國娛樂產業的重地,許多電影、電視劇、書籍和其他媒體形式都以此處為根據地。截至2008年,紐約是美國第二大的電影中心,僱傭人數達到63,000人,總薪酬達到50億美元[234],獨立電影出產數目居世界之冠[235]。

紐約全市有2,000個以上的文化藝術組織以及超過500個不同規模的藝術廊[236]。紐約市市政府對藝術的資助預算超過美國藝術基金會(英語:National Endowment for the Arts)的總預算[236]。19世紀富有的企業家們建立了一個文化機構網絡,這其中包括卡內基大廳和大都會藝術博物館。電力照明的使用使戲劇蓬勃發展,19世紀80年代,百老匯和42街的戲院開始演出一種全新的表演形式,即音樂劇。受到移民文化的影響,舞台劇經常使用敘事性的歌曲,反映希望與抱負。

市內40家戲院(每家500個座位以上)共同組成了著名的百老匯,以一條穿越時代廣場戲院區的大道命名[237],有時也被稱作「大白路」(The Great White Way)[238][239][240]。

林肯中心是全美最大的表演藝術中心,是12個知名藝術表演組織的根據地,如大都會歌劇團、紐約市歌劇團(英語:New York City Opera)、紐約愛樂樂團和紐約市芭蕾舞團等,此外維維安·比蒙劇院(英語:Vivian Beaumont Theater)、朱利亞德學院、林肯中心爵士樂廳(英語:Jazz at Lincoln Center)和愛麗絲·圖利音樂廳(英語:Alice Tully Hall)也在此處。在聯合廣場坐落有李·斯特拉斯堡戲劇和電影學院(英語:Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute),在紐約大學則有帝許藝術學院(英語:Tisch School of the Arts),而中央公園夏日舞台(英語:Central Park SummerStage)則提供免費的戲劇和音樂演出[241]。

旅遊[編輯]

更多資訊:紐約市旅遊業和紐約市博物館與文化機構列表

時報廣場是全美乃至全世界遊客最多的景點[242]

旅遊業是紐約最重要的產業之一,在過去五年內到訪的國內外旅客達到年均4000萬[243],最主要的旅遊目的地包括帝國大廈、自由女神像、埃利斯島、百老匯劇院、博物館(如大都會藝術博物館)、城市綠地(如中央公園和華盛頓廣場公園)、洛克菲勒中心、時代廣場、曼哈頓華埠及第五大道和麥迪遜大道的奢侈品購物游;活動還包括格林威治村的萬聖節遊行(英語:New York's Village Halloween Parade)、梅西的感恩節大遊行、洛克菲勒中心聖誕樹(英語:Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree)的點亮、聖派屈克節遊行、冬季的中央公園滑冰、翠貝卡電影節和中央公園的夏季表演。其他特色目的地包括布朗克斯動物園、康尼島、法拉盛草原可樂娜公園和紐約植物園。前市長彭博於2012年9月27日宣布將於史泰登島北岸建造世界上最大的摩天輪紐約輪,遙望自由女神像、紐約港和曼哈頓下城[244][245]。

2010年紐約的遊客達到4900萬[246][247],而在次年這一紀錄立刻被打破,2011年遊客達到5000萬[248][249]。

媒體[編輯]

主條目:紐約市媒體

位於洛克菲勒中心的國家廣播公司製片部

紐約為全球電視、廣告、音樂、報紙和圖書出版業的重鎮,亦是北美最大的媒體市場(其次為洛杉磯、芝加哥和多倫多)[250]。知名的媒體企業包括時代華納、湯森路透公司、美國聯合通訊社、新聞集團、紐約時報公司、NBC環球、赫斯特國際集團和維亞康姆。全球前八大的廣告媒體就有七家在紐約市設立總部[251]。全球三大唱片公司中有兩家(索尼音樂娛樂及華納音樂集團)將總部設在紐約,而第三家(環球唱片)在紐約也設有分公司。1/3的美國獨立電影在紐約製作[252]。

紐約地鐵帶動了大量的報紙讀者[253]

超過200種報紙和350種雜誌在紐約設有辦公室[252],圖書出版業提供了25,000個就業崗位[254]。美國三大全國性日報中有兩大在紐約出版,分別為《紐約時報》和《華爾街日報》,其中前者在普立茲獎數目上高居第一。其他小報包括1919年創辦的《紐約每日新聞》[255]和1801年創辦的《紐約郵報》[256]。此外在不同族裔出版業方面紐約也相當多元化,有270份報章雜誌以超過40種語言版本出版[257],其中《El Diario La Prensa》是全紐約發行量最大及全國歷史最悠久的西班牙語報紙[258],出版於哈萊姆的《紐約阿姆斯特丹新聞(英語:The New York Amsterdam News)》是一份重要的非裔美國人報紙。《鄉村之音(英語:The Village Voice)》是全美發行量最大的另類報紙,專門報導時事評論以及特色主題。

電視產業對於紐約來說是相當重要的經濟命脈。美國四大廣播公司,包括美國廣播公司、哥倫比亞廣播公司、福克斯廣播公司和國家廣播公司,都在紐約設立總部。此外,一些如音樂電視網、HBO、福克斯新聞頻道和喜劇中心等有線電視頻道也將總部設在此地。2005年,有超過100個電視節目在紐約拍攝[259]。紐約市也經營了一個公共廣播頻道NYCTV(英語:nyctv),多次奪得艾美獎,節目內容大多涵蓋紐約市內的音樂、文化以及政府相關活動。

除了商業媒體之外,紐約也是非商業媒體的中心。1971年創立的曼哈頓公共電視網(英語:Manhattan Neighborhood Network)是美國歷史最悠久的公共頻道(英語:public-access television)[260]。WNET(英語:WNET)是紐約最大的公共電視台,也是全國公共電視網的主要節目提供者。WNYC(英語:WNYC)是全美最多聽眾收聽的公共廣播電台[261]。

飲食[編輯]

主條目:紐約市飲食

奇緣3是曼哈頓一家廣受歡迎的餐館,由史蒂芬·布魯斯創立於1954年[262]

紐約的飲食文化受其移民歷史的影響,呈多元化態勢,包括的國際餐點十分眾多。中歐和義大利移民帶來了紐約極富盛名的貝果、起士蛋糕和紐約式披薩,而中國和其他亞洲餐館、漢堡店、意式飲食店(英語:Trattoria)、餐車餐廳(英語:Diner)和咖啡屋隨處可見。市內有約4,000個擁有執照的小吃攤點,許多都由移民經營,中東食物諸如炸豆丸子和卡博串便是廣受歡迎的紐約街頭食品的代表[263]。同時,紐約還是許多全美國最好和最多元的高檔餐廳的聚集地[264]。紐約市健康與精神衛生局(英語:New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene)根據其檢測結果對紐約市近24,000家餐館進行等級評定。

方言[編輯]

主條目:紐約方言

紐約方言有鮮明的地域特徵,被普遍認為是美式英語中最知名的口音之一。方言經典版本以歐洲人後裔和工薪階層為中心,而幾十年來非歐洲移民的大量湧入,促使這門獨特的方言產生改變。傳統紐約方言發音時無需翹首,音節末尾不帶輔音,使得該方言中的「紐約」聽起來像「New Yawk」。最為地道的和極限版的紐約方言發音,單元音變成雙元音,如「女孩」。上世紀70年代電視劇《一家子》中卡羅爾·奧康納扮演的阿爾奇·邦克就是這種發音模式,但往後這種發音逐漸淡出人們的視野。

體育[編輯]

主條目:紐約市體育

美國網球公開賽於每年8月至9月在皇后區法拉盛草原可樂娜公園舉行紐約馬拉松是世界規模最大的馬拉松賽[265]

紐約是國家橄欖球聯盟[266]、美國職棒大聯盟[267]、國家籃球協會[268]、國家冰球聯盟[269]和美國職業足球大聯盟[270]的總部所在地,而在這五大聯盟中,紐約都會區擁有的職業運動隊數量最多。全球十個造價最高的體育場中有四個(大都會人壽體育場、新洋基體育場、麥迪遜廣場花園及花旗球場)位於紐約都會區內[271]。

棒球

紐約有「棒球之都」的稱號[272],來自紐約的球隊曾經35次贏得世界大賽,73次獲得聯盟冠軍。紐約都會區是全美五個擁有兩支球隊的都會區之一(其他為洛杉磯都會區、芝加哥都會區、巴爾的摩-華盛頓都會區和舊金山灣區)。兩支紐約球隊曾在世界大賽中14次會師,最近一次出現在2000年,而其他都會區各自最多只有過一次在世界大賽中會師的經歷(芝加哥於1906年、聖路易於1944年、舊金山灣於1989年)。

目前紐約的兩支大聯盟球隊分別為紐約大都會隊[273]和紐約洋基隊[274],這兩支球隊每個賽季進行6次跨區交鋒,稱作地鐵大戰。洋基隊27次奪冠的記錄在聯盟中位列第一[275],而大都會隊則兩次奪冠[276]。過去紐約還曾經是布魯克林道奇隊(今洛杉磯道奇隊)和紐約巨人隊(今舊金山巨人隊)的主場,這兩支球隊分別1次[277]和5次奪冠,後來兩支球隊都於1958年遷往加利福尼亞[278]。此外紐約還有兩支美國職棒小聯盟球隊,分別是布魯克林旋風(英語:Brooklyn Cyclones)隊[279]和史泰登島洋基(英語:Staten Island Yankees)隊[280]。

美式足球

紐約有兩支職業足球大聯盟球隊,分別是紐約巨人隊(3次獲得超級碗)和紐約噴氣機隊(1次獲得超級碗),但兩支球隊都在附近位於紐澤西州東盧瑟福的大都會人壽體育場進行主場比賽[281]。大都會人壽體育場將於2014年主辦第四十八屆超級碗比賽[282]。

冰球

紐約遊騎兵隊是紐約市在國家冰球聯盟的代表隊[283]。紐約島人隊目前位於長島拿索郡[284],但將在2015年遷至布魯克林,從而成為紐約市的第二支球隊[285]。這兩支球隊各4次奪得史丹利杯。在都會區內的另一支球隊是紐澤西魔鬼隊,目前主場在紐澤西州的紐華克[286]。紐約都會區是唯一一個擁有三支球隊的都會區。

籃球

紐約市的美國國家籃球協會(NBA)隊伍有紐約尼克隊(兩次獲得總冠軍)和布魯克林籃網隊,國家女子籃球聯盟則有紐約自由人隊。1938年的全國邀請賽(英語:National Invitation Tournament)是全美第一項全國大學籃球賽事,這項賽事至今仍在紐約舉辦[287]。

英式足球

紐約紅牛隊是紐約在足球大聯盟中的代表隊,主場位於紐澤西州哈瑞森(英語:Harrison, New Jersey)的紅牛球場(英語:Red Bull Arena (New Jersey))[288]。紐約地區的第二支大聯盟球隊紐約城足球俱樂部將於2015年開始參賽,曼徹斯特城足球俱樂部的所有者曼蘇爾·本·扎伊德·阿爾·納希安(英語:Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan)謝赫將與紐約洋基共同持有這支球隊的股權[289]。

其他

網球四大滿貫賽事之一的美國網球公開賽每年在皇后區舉辦[290]。紐約馬拉松賽是世界上最大的馬拉松賽事之一,2004年至2006年的賽事則在完賽人數上排名前三,其中2006年完賽人數達到37,866人[265]。米爾羅斯賽(英語:Millrose Games)是一年一度的田徑賽事,最著名的項目是室內一英里慢跑賽,稱為「Wanamaker Mile」。拳擊也是紐約著名的體育項目,業餘拳擊金手套賽(英語:Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves)等賽事每年在麥迪遜廣場花園舉辦[291]。

還有許多運動與紐約的移民密切相關。棍子球(英語:Stickball)即是一例,為棒球的街頭版本,20世紀30年代開始風行於義大利、德國和愛爾蘭聚集區的青年人中。它是紐約最著名的街頭運動,布朗克斯的一條大道即以之命名為「棍子球大道」(Stickball Blvd)[292]。

紐約曾經申辦2012年夏季奧林匹克運動會,但最終在第二輪出局。目前紐約正在申辦2022年夏季青年奧林匹克運動會。

俱樂部

聯盟

運動

主場

成立時間

冠軍賽

紐約洋基

美國職棒大聯盟(MLB)

棒球

洋基體育場

1901年

27次世界冠軍

紐約大都會

美國職棒大聯盟(MLB)

棒球

花旗球場

1969年

2次世界冠軍

紐約城FC

美國職業足球大聯盟(MLS)

足球

洋基體育場

2013年

紐約紅牛

美國職業足球大聯盟(MLS)

足球

紅牛競技場

1995年

紐約自由人

國家女子籃球聯盟(NBA)

籃球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1997年

紐約尼克

國家籃球協會(NBA)

籃球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1946年

2次NBA總冠軍

布魯克林籃網

國家籃球協會(NBA)

籃球

巴克萊中心

1967年

3次ABA總冠軍—

紐約遊騎兵

國家冰球聯盟(NHL)

冰球

麥迪遜花園廣場

1926年

2次史丹利盃

紐約島人

國家冰球聯盟(NHL)

冰球

巴克萊中心

1972年

4次史丹利盃

紐約噴射機

國家美式橄欖球聯盟(NFL)

美式足球

大都會人壽體育場

1960年

1次超級杯

紐約巨人

國家美式橄欖球聯盟(NFL)

美式足球

大都會人壽體育場

1925年

4次超級杯

教育[編輯]

主條目:紐約市教育

哥倫比亞大學巴特勒圖書館

紐約大學圖書館

紐約市的公立學校體系由紐約市教育局管理,為全美最大[293],近110萬名學生分別在超過1,200所中小學校就讀[294]。此外市內還有近900所私立世俗和教會學校[295]。在2000年紐約市人口普查中,近594,000名學生參加了高等教育,這一數字在全美最高[296]。2005年,每5個曼哈頓居民中就有3個是大學畢業生,每4個中就有1個有高等學位,這也是全美高教育水平者最為集中的區域[297]。

紐約還是許多知名私立大學的所在地,其中包括巴納德學院、哥倫比亞大學、庫伯聯盟學院、福坦莫大學、紐約大學、紐約科技學院、佩斯大學和葉史瓦大學等。公立紐約市立大學系統是全美最大的大學系統之一,其中包括許多本科學院和社區學院。此外紐約還有一些規模較小的私立學院和大學,其中包括宗教學校和專業學校,例如聖若望大學、朱利亞德學院、曼哈頓學院、蒙特聖文森學院(英語:College of Mount Saint Vincent)、新學院、普瑞特學院、視覺藝術學院和華格納學院。

福坦莫大學圖書館

紐約的科學研究主要集中在醫學和生命科學領域。紐約在授予生命科學研究生學位的數量上排名全美第一,為40,000名持照醫師和127位諾貝爾獎得主提供教育背景[298]。在所有美國城市中,紐約從國立衛生研究院獲得的年度資金數目居第二[299]。主要的生物醫學研究機構包括紀念斯隆-凱特林癌症中心(英語:Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center)、洛克菲勒大學、紐約州立大學州南部醫學中心(英語:SUNY Downstate Medical Center)、阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦醫學院、西奈山醫學院和威爾·康奈爾醫學院(英語:Weill Cornell Medical College)。2011年12月19日,紐約市市長麥克·彭博宣布允許康奈爾大學和以色列理工學院斥資20億美元於羅斯福島上建設應用科學研究生院,旨在將紐約轉變為世界的科技首都[300][301]。

紐約公共圖書館為全美藏書量最大的圖書館系統,服務於曼哈頓、布朗克斯和史泰登島[302]。下屬數家科研圖書館,包括尚博格黑人文化研究中心(英語:Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture)。皇后公共圖書館服務於皇后區,是全美第二大圖書館系統。布魯克林公共圖書館服務於布魯克林[302]。

經濟[編輯]

主條目:紐約市經濟

2012年紐約市上市公司排名(按營收排名)附註紐約市與全美排名

紐約

公司

美國

1

威瑞森通信

16

2

摩根大通

18

3

花旗集團

26

4

美國國際集團

38

5

國際資產控股公司(英語:INTL FCStone)

39

6

大都會人壽保險

40

7

輝瑞

48

8

高盛集團

68

9

赫斯(英語:Hess Corporation)

75

10

紐約人壽(英語:New York Life Insurance Company)

89

11

美國運通

90

12

新聞集團

91

綠色為金融服務公司

於紐約市經濟見總表

來源:《財富》[303]

紐約市是全球商業和經貿的樞紐,與倫敦和東京並列為世界上三個最重要的金融中心[304],此外還是全美的銀行業、零售業、世界貿易、運輸、旅遊業、地產業、新媒體、傳統媒體、廣告業、法律服務、會計業、保險業、戲劇、時尚和藝術產業的中心。

根據2010年的數據,紐約都會區的都會生產總值(GMP,與國內生產總值概念類似)達到近1.28萬億美元[305],是美國最大的區域經濟體。2008年年底,紐約掌控了全球40%的金融資金,使之成為全球最大的金融中心[306][307][308]。

位於華爾街的紐約證券交易所是世界上上市公司總市值最大的證券交易所[309]

在針對120座城市的研究調查中,紐約在吸引資本、商業和遊客的能力上排名第一[310]。2012年7月,英國曼切斯特聯足球俱樂部宣布將在紐約證券交易所進行首次公開募股[311]。

許多大型企業都在紐約市設立總部,財富美國500強中就有45家公司的總部位於該市[312]。同其他美國大城市相比,紐約還有較高比例的外國公司,平均每十個就業崗位中就有一個來自外國公司[313]。強大的吸引外資的能力使紐約在《FDi雜誌(英語:FDi Magazine)》2013年的「美國未來城市」榜單中排列首位[314]。

房地產是紐約市經濟成長的重要動力。2015財年紐約全市的地產總值估計為9,148億美元[315],其中時代華納中心的估值最高,在2006年達到11億美元[315]。紐約同時還是全國乃至全世界最有價值的一些地產的所在地。2007年7月2日,公園大道450號以5.1億美元的價值售出,每平方英尺價值約為1,589美元(17,104美元/平方米),打破了一個月前(2007年6月)由麥迪遜大道660號創造的每平方英尺1,476美元(15,887美元/平方米)的辦公樓地產記錄[316]。

紐約的電影與電視產業為全美第二大,僅次於好萊塢[317]。新媒體、廣告、時尚、設計和建築等創意產業的就業機會與日俱增,競爭力也相當強大[318]。

紐約是多條跨大西洋光纖纜線(英語:Transatlantic communications cable)的終點,由此促進了生物科技、軟體開發、遊戲設計和網絡服務等高科技產業的成長[319]。其他重要的經濟領域包括醫療研究與科技、非營利組織和大學。製造業在就業方面比例也很高,但近年在呈下降態勢,其主要產品包括服飾、化工產品、金屬製品、加工食品和家具等[320]。其中,食品加工業是紐約最為穩定的製造行業[321],產業價值達到50億美元,員工數超過19,000人,巧克力是最主要的出口特產,年出口額達2.34億美元[321]。

華爾街[編輯]

主條目:華爾街

2013年,曼哈頓的辦公面積達到近52,000萬平方英尺(5.2億平方英尺,約4,810萬平方米)[322],在辦公市場上排名全美第一[323]。曼哈頓中城是全美最大的中心商務區[324]。

曼哈頓下城是全美第三大的中心商務區,其中世界上第一和第二大的證券交易所(按日均交易量和總市值)——位於華爾街的紐約證券交易所和納斯達克交易所便位於此地[325]。金融服務收入占到了全市市民收入的35%[326]。華爾街投資銀行的費用在2012年達到近400億美元[327],而在2013年,在紐約從事風險管理的銀行高管年收入能夠達到324,000美元[328]。

曼哈頓金融區有時成為衝突的始發地,例如「占領華爾街」及其觸發的全球範圍內的「占領運動」。有時這類衝突導致了致命的後果,例如1920年的華爾街爆炸事件。

2013年7月,紐約證券交易所的運營商紐約泛歐證交所從英國銀行家協會(英語:British Bankers' Association)手中接過了倫敦同業拆放利率的管理權[329]。

房地產[編輯]

房地產是該市經濟的主要力量,2017年紐約市房地產總價值估計為1.072萬億美元,比上一年增加10.6%,其中89%的增長來自於市場影響。時代華納中心在該市最具市場價值,2006年市值為11億美元。紐約市房地產價值居世界上首位。公園大道450號於2007年7月2日以5.1億美元的價格售出,均價17,104美元/平方米,打破了美國寫字樓均價15,887美元/平方米的紀錄。

法律與政治[編輯]

紐約市(五個行政區)總統選舉投票結果[330]

年份

民主黨

共和黨

2012

81.19%

1,995,241

17.78%

436,889

2008

79.29%

2,074,159

20.06%

524,787

2004

74.99%

1,828,015

24.10%

587,534

2000

77.90%

1,703,364

18.23%

398,726

1996

77.10%

1,512,248

17.31%

339,537

1992

68.72%

1,458,784

24.00%

509,423

1988

66.17%

1,340,795

32.84%

665,407

1984

60.96%

1,343,875

38.66%

852,317

1980

54.88%

1,052,178

37.51%

719,278

1976

66.37%

1,423,380

32.95%

706,663

1972

51.46%

1,342,996

48.27%

1,259,873

1968

60.56%

1,582,681

33.94%

886,959

1964

73.02%

2,183,646

26.81%

801,877

1960

62.62%

1,936,323

37.04%

1,145,205

主條目:紐約市政府

曼哈頓市政府大樓是許多市政府部門的辦公地點

自1898年合併建市以來,紐約市便採用市長議會制的政府組織形式[331]。紐約市政府要比美國其他城市的政府權力更為集中,負責公共教育、懲教機構、圖書館、公共安全、娛樂設施、環境衛生、供水和福利服務。市長和市議會議員由選舉產生,任期四年。紐約市議會採取一院制,議員共51人,來自根據地理位置劃分的不同選區[332]。市長最多能夠連任二屆,議員最多能夠連任三屆[333],但在中斷四年之後可以重新參選。

紐約市政廳是全美最老的仍在行使政府職責的市政廳

現任紐約市長為艾瑞克·亞當斯,民主黨人[334],2022年1月1日就職。前任市長比爾·白思豪在2014年就職,此前過去20年紐約市由共和黨主政,魯迪·朱利安尼及麥克·彭博[335]先後成為紐約市長,在任期間大幅改善紐約市的治安及環境。

民主黨占有大部分的公職。至2008年11月,67%的註冊選民為民主黨人[336]。自1924年以來,共和黨從來沒有在州選舉或總統選舉中在紐約市取得勝利。紐約的政黨綱領主要涉及保障性住房、教育和經濟發展問題,勞工問題也是十分重要的一個政治議題。

1975年,在經歷財政危機和州政府救助之後,紐約市財政控制委員會建立起來以監督市政支出。委員會由七人組成,其中包括紐約市市長和紐約州州長[337]。1986年這一委員會不再直接管理市政預算,但它仍然保有監控市財政健康狀況的指責[338]。

紐約市是全美最重要的政治獻金獲取地,五個全國政治獻金最高的郵政編碼歸屬地有四個位於曼哈頓,其中最高者是位於上東城的10021號,這一編碼區為2004年總統選舉候選人喬治·W·布希和約翰·凱瑞提供了大部分的選舉資金[339]。在聯邦和州稅方面紐約存在著很大的順差:每向聯邦政府上繳1美元的稅收,收回83美分的聯邦服務(即每年上繳比獲取多114億美元);每年向州政府上繳的也比獲取的多110億美元[340]。

每個行政區同時也是紐約最高法院的一個司法轄區,同時也受理其他城市和其他州法庭的事務。曼哈頓和布魯克林分別是紐約最高法院上訴法院第一和第二區的總部所在地[341]。與其他大城市不同的是,紐約被分歸兩個美國聯邦地區法院管轄(同時也是兩個地區法院的所在地):美國紐約南區聯邦地區法院,位於市政廳附近的弗利廣場,管轄曼哈頓和布朗克斯;美國紐約東區聯邦地區法院,位於布魯克林,管轄布魯克林、皇后區和史泰登島。美國聯邦第二巡迴上訴法院和美國國際貿易法院同樣位於曼哈頓的弗利廣場。

環境[編輯]

更多資訊:紐約市環境問題和紐約市食品和水源

紐約的公共運輸使用率為全美最高,汽油消耗量與1920年代全美平均水平相近[342]。據2006年統計,其極高的公共運輸使用率在當年就省下了18億美制加侖(6,800,000立方米)的石油消耗量,光是紐約市省下的油量就達到是全美公共運輸省油量的一半[343]。紐約市人口密度高,公共運輸使用率高,汽車使用率低,使得之成為全美最節能的城市之一[344]。人均溫室氣體排放量只有7.1公噸,與全美平均24.5公噸相較起來要低很多[345],全市人口數雖佔全國人口2.7%,但溫室氣體排放量只佔全國排放量的百分之一[345],紐約居民所耗費的電量比舊金山居民耗費量的一半還少,是達拉斯居民的近四分之一[346]。

據2010年7月統計,紐約市有3,715輛混合動力計程車投入營運,數量為北美最多

近年來,紐約市開始實施計畫欲減低對環境的衝擊。市內大量且集中的空氣污染導致氣喘和其他呼吸道疾病在紐約市民身上的發生率較高[347]。市政府被要求只能採購最節能的設備,以供市政府辦公室和公共住宅使用[348]。此外,紐約有全國最多的使用清潔空氣柴油混合動力和壓縮天然氣的公車[349],至2010年中有3,715輛混和動力計程車和清潔柴油車輛,佔全市計程車輛總數的28%,位居北美第一[350]。

紐約市政府曾在麻薩諸塞州訴美國國家環境保護局案(英語:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency)中發起訴願,要求美國國家環境保護局將溫室氣體歸類為汙染物,此外市政府也主導綠色建築的興建,如赫斯特大樓[190]。

紐約市內的飲用水由卡茲奇山流域保護區供應[351],由於該地區水源得到保護較好,自然過濾系統完整,紐約成為全美四個不須經過水處理即可配送飲用水的大城市之一[352]。

治安[編輯]

主條目:紐約市治安

紐約市警察局交警警車

紐約市警察局有正式警員35,000人,數目在美國高居第一[353]。2012年,在全美大城市中,紐約的犯罪率為最低,謀殺率則為第二低[354],與1980年代和1990年代的犯罪高潮期相比要安全了許多[355]。至2002年,紐約的犯罪率與猶他州的普若佛相當,在全美人口超過100,000的216座城市中排名第197[356]。

1993年至2005年間,紐約的暴力犯罪數量下降了75%,並且在全國水平上升的同時保持持續下降[356]。2005年,紐約的謀殺率達到了自1966年來的最低點[357],而在2007年,紐約的謀殺案件數量少於500起,這是自1963年公開犯罪數據以來首次達到這一水平[358]。2010年上半年,95.1%的謀殺案受害者和95.9%的槍擊案受害者為黑人或拉丁裔,此外90.2%因謀殺被捕的和96.7%因槍擊被捕的人為黑人或拉丁裔[359]。2013年紐約的謀殺率達到了新低,並遠低於美國其他大城市[360]。2012年,紐約市警察局的盤查搜身策略受到了爭議[361][362][363]。

社會學家和犯罪學家目前對於犯罪率大幅下降的原因還未達成共識。有些人認為原因是紐約市警察局所採取的新策略[364],例如電腦輔助的CompStat(英語:CompStat)犯罪處理系統以及破窗效應理論的運用[365]。其他人則認為是因為霹靂古柯鹼熱潮的消退及人口結構的改變[366]。還有人認為上世紀中期的犯罪潮源自汽車尾氣排放造成的鉛污染導致智力水平的降低和侵略性的增強,而紐約這樣的大城市受其影響最嚴重。1970年代,鉛從美國汽油中退出,紐約和其他大城市的暴力犯罪率開始普遍下降[367]。

有組織犯罪長期都是紐約的一大問題,1820年代即在曼哈頓五岔路出現了四十大盜(英語:Forty Thieves (New York gang))和蟑螂衛隊(英語:Roach Guards)這樣的團伙。20世紀由五大家族主宰的黑手黨崛起,至今仍是當地規模最大和最有權勢的犯罪組織[368]。20世紀末崛起的還有黑桃幫(英語:Black Spades)一類的黑幫團伙[369]。早至1850年,紐約便有超過200次幫派戰爭,主要在青年黑幫間進行[370]。如今紐約最知名的黑幫包括血幫、瘸幫、拉丁國王(英語:Latin Kings (gang))和MS-13[371]。

交通[編輯]

主條目:紐約交通

紐約是全美兩個最繁忙的鐵路車站的所在地,其中就包括大中央車站

紐約的公共運輸系統多為24小時營運,為全美最複雜,規模最大,全美國1/3的公共運輸使用者和2/3的鐵路乘客居住於紐約都會區[372][373]。著名的紐約地鐵是西半球最為繁忙的軌道交通系統,而大中央車站則是全球月台數最多的火車站。紐約還擁有世界上最繁忙的空域之一。喬治華盛頓大橋連接曼哈頓和紐澤西州博根郡,是世界上最繁忙的機動車橋梁[374][375]。

公共運輸在紐約廣受歡迎。2005年,54.6%的紐約人運用公共運輸系統上班[376],而在美國其他地方,90%的人駕車上班,與之形成鮮明對比[377]。根據美國人口普查局調查,紐約居民每日花費38.4分鐘前往上班,在全國大城市中時間最長[378],但由於公共運輸的使用率較高,他們同時花費(相對於家庭收入)也較少,與其他城市居民相比,每年總共在交通上省下190億美元[379]。

紐約地鐵是美國線路最長和車站數量最多的地鐵系統

紐約由美鐵服務,車站分別位於賓夕法尼亞車站及大中央車站,連接東北走廊的波士頓、費城和華盛頓特區,以及提供通往其他北美城市的長途服務。紐新航港局客運總站是紐約城際巴士服務的總站,也是全球最繁忙的巴士站,每日服務7,000輛巴士和200,000名乘客[380]。

紐約地鐵的車站達到468個,數目為全球最多,線路為美國最長,近年乘客數量約居世界第七位。值得注意的是,紐約地鐵保持24小時運行,而多數城市則在夜間停止營運,香港[381][382]、倫敦、巴黎、上海、首爾[383][384]和東京都不例外。

紐約的交通系統還包括全美洲最長的懸索橋、同時也是世界最長懸索橋之一的韋拉札諾海峽大橋[385][386],世界第一條機械通風的行車隧道荷蘭隧道[387],超過12,000輛黃色計程車(英語:Taxicabs of New York City)[388],連接羅斯福島和曼哈頓島的羅斯福島空中纜車,以及將曼哈頓與城內城外諸多地點連接起來的渡輪系統。

截至2011年,位於皇后區的約翰·甘迺迪國際機場是北美國際旅客吞吐量最多的機場[389]

史泰登島渡輪是全美最繁忙的渡輪線路,每年搭載近2000萬旅客往來於史泰登島和曼哈頓下城間5.2英里(8.4公里)的水域[390]。史泰登島鐵路系統專為史泰登島服務。紐新港務局過哈德遜河捷運連接曼哈頓下城與紐澤西州東北部,主要目的地為霍博肯、澤西市和紐華克,同樣24小時營運,這意味著全球四個24小時營運的快速交通系統中有兩個位於紐約(另兩個是芝加哥地鐵的部分線路及費城的港務局交通公司高速線)。

紐約的公共巴士數量為北美最多,通勤鐵路系統為北美最大[372]。這一鐵路系統由長島鐵路、大都會北方鐵路和紐澤西交通公司組成,將紐約市與市郊三州地區連接起來,最後匯集於大中央車站和紐約賓夕法尼亞車站,總共包括超過250個車站和20條線路[372][391]。

紐約是國際空乘旅客進入美國的大門[392],這一地區有三大主要機場,包括兩個國際航線豐富的約翰·甘迺迪國際機場與紐華克自由國際機場,一個主要運營國內航線的拉瓜迪亞機場。雖然紐華克自由國際機場並不在紐約市內而在紐澤西州,但習慣上被納入紐約機場。IATA代碼「NYC」即是這三個機場的合稱。紐約有全美最繁忙的空域,2005年使用三個機場的旅客達到1億人次[393],2004年從甘迺迪國際機場和紐華克國際機場出國的旅客占全美的四分之一[394]。紐約與紐澤西港務局還計劃通過第四個機場來擴充旅客規模,即位於紐約州紐堡附近的斯圖爾特國際機場(英語:Stewart International Airport)[395]。

韋拉札諾海峽大橋是全球最長的懸索橋之一[385][386],橫跨納羅斯水道,連接布魯克林和史泰登島

紐約的高公共運輸使用率、近120,000名單車者[396]和為數眾多的步行上班者使之成為美國最為節能的城市[342]。步行和單車占全市交通方式的21%,而在全國範圍內為8%[397]。2011年,紐約被評為全美最適宜步行的城市[398][399]。2013年夏季,花旗銀行為紐約市贊助10,000輛公共單車[400],昆尼皮亞克大學的調查表明大部分紐約人都支持這一單車共享計劃[401]。

紐約還擁有龐大的高速公路網絡,與其公共運輸系統相互補充,將之與紐澤西州北部、威斯特徹斯特郡、長島及西南康乃狄克州通過數條橋梁與隧道連接起來。由於這些公路同時也是數百萬市郊居民入城上班的幹道,長達數小時的交通堵塞狀況幾乎每日都會發生,在尖峰時段尤其如此[402]。

紐約雖然對公共運輸相當依賴,但道路仍然是城市的重要組成部分。曼哈頓的道路布局(英語:Commissioners' Plan of 1811)在很大程度上影響了該市的發展。紐約的許多道路都成為了某一項產業的代名詞,例如百老匯之於戲劇[403],華爾街之於金融[404],麥迪遜大道之於廣告[405][406]和第七大道之於時尚。

軍事[編輯]

漢密爾頓堡(英語:Fort Hamilton)是美軍唯一位於紐約市的活動軍事設施[407],於1825年創建於布魯克林一個獨立戰爭時期的炮台,是美國歷史最久的軍事設施之一[408]。如今漢密爾頓堡是美國陸軍工程兵團北大西洋師以及紐約市徵兵營的總部。同時,第1179交通旅、第722航空醫療分隊也位於此處。

非活動的舊軍事設施包括史泰登島的華茲華斯堡(英語:Fort Wadsworth)和皇后區的托滕堡(英語:Fort Totten (New York))。這兩處設施仍舊用於軍事訓練及國民警衛隊的活動。

國際交流[編輯]

友好城市[編輯]

紐約在歷史上有以下十二個友好城市:[409]

城市

國家

締結日期

東京

 日本

1960

北京

 中華人民共和國

1980

開羅

 埃及

1982

馬德里

 西班牙

1982

聖多明各

 多明尼加

1983

布達佩斯

 匈牙利

1992[410]

上海

 中華人民共和國

1993.11.9[411]

羅馬

 義大利

1992

耶路撒冷

 以色列

1993

倫敦

 英國

2001[412]

約翰尼斯堡

 南非

2003

巴西利亞

 巴西

2004[413]

全球推廣網絡[編輯]

2006年,紐約友好城市項目公司(Sister City Program of the City of New York, Inc.)重組並更名為紐約全球合作夥伴(New York City Global Partners),標誌著紐約正透過該項目建設的全球城市網絡,推廣市民與決策者間的思想交流及創新。與紐約建立關係的歷史性友好城市均被納入該網絡。[409]。

紐約全球夥伴城市列表

非洲

 迦納加納,阿克拉

 衣索比亞阿迪斯阿貝巴

 南非開普敦

 奈及利亞拉各斯

 肯亞奈洛比

亞洲及環太平洋地區

 印度德里

 印度班加羅爾

 印度孟買

 以色列特拉維夫[414]

 泰國曼谷

 中國廣州

 中國重慶[415]

 中國上海

 中國瀋陽

 香港

 阿聯杜拜

 孟加拉達卡

 越南胡志明市

 巴基斯坦喀拉蚩

 馬來西亞吉隆坡[416]

 菲律賓馬尼拉

 南韓首爾

 新加坡

臺灣台北市

大洋洲

 澳洲墨爾本

 澳洲雪梨

歐洲

 荷蘭阿姆斯特丹

 荷蘭海牙

 荷蘭鹿特丹

 西班牙巴塞隆納

 愛爾蘭都柏林

 愛爾蘭貝爾法斯特

 德國柏林

 德國杜塞道夫

 德國漢堡

 德國海德堡

 德國慕尼黑

 比利時布魯塞爾

 比利時安特衛普

 羅馬尼亞布加勒斯

 丹麥哥本哈根

 蘇格蘭格拉斯哥

 瑞士日內瓦

 芬蘭赫爾辛基

 烏克蘭基輔

 葡萄牙里斯本

 盧森堡盧森堡市

 法國巴黎

 法國里昂

 義大利米蘭

 俄羅斯莫斯科

 俄羅斯聖彼得堡

 挪威奧斯陸

 捷克布拉格

 科索沃普里什蒂納

 瑞典斯德哥爾摩

 奧地利維也納

 波蘭華沙

 土耳其伊斯坦堡

北美

 美國馬里蘭州,巴爾的摩

 美國麻薩諸塞州,波士頓

 美國伊利諾州,芝加哥

 美國加利福尼亞州,洛杉磯

 美國賓夕法尼亞州,費城

 加拿大安大略省,渥太華

 加拿大阿爾伯塔省,卡爾加里

 加拿大魁北克省,蒙特婁

 加拿大阿爾伯塔省,埃德蒙頓

 加拿大魁北克省,魁北克城

 加拿大安大略省,多倫多

 加拿大不列頓哥倫比亞省,溫哥華

 加拿大不列頓哥倫比亞省,維多利亞

 加拿大馬尼托巴,溫尼伯

中南美

 墨西哥莫雷洛斯州,庫埃納瓦卡

 墨西哥聯邦首都區,墨西哥城

 墨西哥新利昂州,蒙特瑞

 巴拿馬巴拿馬城

 哥倫比亞波哥大

 哥倫比亞麥德林

 阿根廷布宜諾斯艾利斯

 阿根廷科爾多瓦

 委內瑞拉加拉加斯

 智利聖地牙哥

 秘魯利馬

 巴西里約熱內盧

 巴西聖保羅

 巴西庫里蒂巴

人文景觀[編輯]

克萊斯勒大廈

世界貿易中心一號大樓,曼哈頓下城

紐約市曼哈頓,紐約華埠

自由女神像

聯合國總部大樓

時報廣場夜景

法拉盛華埠

法拉盛草原可樂娜公園法拉盛大地球儀

紐約曼哈頓

布魯克林華埠,布魯克林區

華盛頓廣場公園

紐約公共圖書館

俯瞰中央公園

百老匯廣場

購物,梅西百貨公司

華爾街上的聯邦國家紀念堂

棒球紐約洋基隊

布魯克林大橋,紐約

曼哈頓中城西區的景觀

參見[編輯]

美國第51州

紐約州

注釋[編輯]

^ 根據美國人口統計局估計,洛杉磯[137]和芝加哥[138]人口總和為6,572,655。

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^ Lardner, James, and Thomas Reppetto. NYPD: A City and Its Police. Owl Books. 2000: 18–21. ISBN 0-8050-5578-9. 

^ "Youth Gangs (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)". Gotham Gazette(英語:Gotham Gazette). March 5, 2001.

^ "19th century AD." Archive.is的存檔,存檔日期2012-05-24 Adolescence, Summer, 1995 by Ruskin Teeter.

^ "Old Problem, New Eyes: Youth Insights on Gangs in New York City 網際網路檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2008-09-17." (PDF). Public Advocate for the City of New York. November 2007.

^ 372.0 372.1 372.2 The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. [2012-08-30]. (原始內容存檔於2011-12-30). 

^ Pisarski, Alan. Commuting in America III: Commuting Facts (PDF). Transportation Research Board. 2006-10-16 [2012-08-30]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2008-08-24). 

^ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - George Washington Bridge. The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. [2013-09-13]. (原始內容存檔於2013-09-20). 

^ Bod Woodruff, Lana Zak, and Stephanie Wash. GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge. ABC News. 2012-11-20 [2013-09-13]. (原始內容存檔於2013-09-28). 

^ Les Christie. New Yorkers are Top Transit Users. CNNMoney.com (Cable News Network). 2007-06-29 [2008-01-02]. (原始內容存檔於2008-05-16). 

^ NHTS 2001 Highlights Report, BTS03-05 (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2001 [2008-09-01]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2005-05-14). 

^ New York Has Longest Commute to Work in Nation, American Community Survey Finds. 2004-12 [2008-03-15]. (原始內容存檔於2008-03-13). 

^ New York City's Green Dividend. CEOs for Cities. [2012-01-26]. (原始內容存檔於2016-11-01). 

^ Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing (新聞稿). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2008-11-17 [2009-05-17]. (原始內容存檔於2009-02-22). 

^ Service Hours. MTR. [2012-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2012-09-29). 

^ Tsuen Wan Line. TravelChinaGuide.com. [2012-07-31]. (原始內容存檔於2012-10-20). 

^ Train Time Table - Search station. Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation. [2012-08-29]. (原始內容存檔於2012-02-16). 

^ Subway map. Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation. [2012-08-29]. (原始內容存檔於2012-04-14). 

^ 385.0 385.1 Longest Suspension Bridges in the World. Pearson Education. [2012-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2012-08-10). 

^ 386.0 386.1 Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. Eastern Roads. [2012-09-07]. (原始內容存檔於2018-10-06). 

^ Holland Tunnel. National Historic Landmark Quicklinks. National Park Service. [2012-03-22]. (原始內容存檔於2014-06-29). 

^ The State of the NYC Taxi (PDF). New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission. 2006-03-09 [2008-09-01]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2010-12-25). 

^ 2011 Year-to-date International Passenger Traffic (as of December 2011) 網際網路檔案館的存檔,存檔日期2010-12-06.

^ The Staten Island Ferry. SIFerry.com. [2013-01-19]. (原始內容存檔於2011-09-23). 

^ About the MTA Long Island Rail Road. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. [2008-09-01]. (原始內容存檔於2008-09-13). 

^ U.S. International Travel and Transportation Trends, BTS02-03. U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. 2002 [2008-09-01]. (原始內容存檔於2008-10-26). 

^ 2005 Annual Airport Traffic Report (PDF). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2006-11-02 [2012-07-30]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2007-06-05). 

^ Port Authority Leads Nation in Record-Setting Year for Travel Abroad (新聞稿). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 2005-08-29 [2007-02-18]. (原始內容存檔於2006-10-02). 

^ Steve Strunsky. Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger traffic. New Jersey On-Line LLC. 2012-05-31 [2012-07-30]. (原始內容存檔於2019-01-11). 

^ Schaller, Bruce. Biking It. Gotham Gazette. 2006-06 [2008-09-01]. (原始內容存檔於2007-09-30). 

^ 2001 National Household Travel Survey: Summary of Travel Trends (PDF). U.S. Department of Transportation. 2004-12 [2008-09-01]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-02-21). 

^ Said, Carolyn. S.F., Oakland in Top 10 Most Walkable U.S. Cities. San Francisco Chronicle. 2011-07-20 [2011-07-20]. (原始內容存檔於2012-05-16). 

^ The 10 Most Walkable U.S. Cities. MarketWatch. 2011 [2011-07-20]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-07). 

^ James Hamblin. The Summer Bicycles Took Control. The Atlantic Monthly. The Atlantic Monthly Group. 2013-06-28 [2013-06-28]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-17). 

^ Pat Smith; Maurice Carroll. NEW YORK CITY VOTERS BACK MAYOR’S STORM PLAN 4-1, QUINNIPIAC UNIVERSITY POLL FINDS; SLIM MAJORITY BACKS FOOD RECYCLING, BIKE RENTALS (PDF). Quinnipiac University Poll. Quinnipiac University. 2013-06-27 [2013-06-28]. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2013-07-03). 

^ George Washington Bridge turns 75 years old: Huge flag, cake part of celebration (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), Times Herald-Record(英語:Times Herald-Record), October 24, 2006. "The party, however, will be small in comparison to the one that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey organized for 5,000 people to open the bridge to traffic in 1931. And it won't even be on what is now the world's busiest bridge for fear of snarling traffic."

^ THE MYTHS AND METAPHORS OF MUSIC AND DANCE SINGIN' IN THE RAIN. Hofstra University. [2012-02-06]. (原始內容存檔於2006-09-02). 

^ Richard Nordquist. Grammar & Composition metonymy. About.com. [2012-02-06]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-28). 

^ Definition of Metonymy. Chegg, Inc. [2013-05-09]. (原始內容存檔於2016-05-22). 

^ Metonymy vs Synecdoche. 2012 Buzzle.com. [2012-02-06]. (原始內容存檔於2011-11-02). 

^ Map of Military Installations in the Contiguous US (PDF). NPS.gov. [2012-02-20]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-08-27). 

^ Jackson, Ken. The History of New York City, 2nd Edition. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2010: 30 [2014-01-25]. ISBN 0-300-11465-6. (原始內容存檔於2015-03-21). 

^ 409.0 409.1 NYC's Partner Cities. The City of New York. [2012-12-06]. (原始內容存檔於2013-08-14). 

^ Budapest - Testvérvárosok [Budapest - Twin Cities]. Budapest Főváros Önkormányzatának hivatalos oldala [Official site of the Municipality of Budapest]. [2013-08-14]. (原始內容存檔於2013-08-09) (匈牙利語). 

^ 存档副本. 搜狐體育 [Sports Sohu]. [2019-05-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-12) (中文(中國大陸)). 

^ Barfield, M. The New York City-London sister city partnership (PDF). Greater London Authority. 2001-03. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於2010-01-22). 

^ NYC Global Partners Program (Brasilia). Nyc.gov. 2011-02-16 [2013-05-04]. (原始內容存檔於2013-02-01). 

^ (Israel) Sister Cities. Tel Aviv. [2013-05-04]. (原始內容存檔於2013-07-22) (美國英語). 

^ K1084-2011: Recognizing Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality of the People's Republic of China as a "Sister City" with New York City. New York State Senate. [2012-12-16]. (原始內容存檔於2021-04-17). 

^ KL's Sister Cities. poskod.my. [2013-08-21]. (原始內容存檔於2013-08-30). 

重要技術 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)

外部連結[編輯]

維基共享資源中相關的多媒體資源:紐約(分類)

(英語、孟加拉語、中文、海地克里奧爾語、波蘭語、西班牙語、俄語、法語、韓語和烏爾都語)紐約市政府官方網站 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)

(英文)紐約市官方旅遊資訊網 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)

紐約農產品交易所

 與紐約市相關的條目和話題閱論編 紐約市條目主題分類

歷史

時間線(英語:Timeline of New York City)

鄰近地區(英語:Neighborhoods in New York City)

族群領地(英語:New York City ethnic enclaves)

建築(英語:Architecture of New York City)

裝飾藝術(英語:Art Deco architecture of New York City)

紀念場所(英語:List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City)

摩天大樓

人物(英語:List of people from New York City)

媒體

經濟

公司(英語:List of companies based in New York City)

地理(英語:Geography of New York City)

氣候(英語:Climate of New York City)

旗幟

環境問題(英語:Environmental issues in New York City)

環境(英語:Environment of New York City)

食品與水(英語:Food and water in New York City)

鼠災(英語:Rats in New York City)

人口(英語:Demographics of New York City)

發展史(英語:Demographic history of New York City)

目錄

布魯克林區(英語:Brooklyn directories)

曼哈頓區(英語:New York City directories)

皇后區(英語:Queens directories)

行政區劃

布朗克斯區(布朗克斯郡)

布魯克林區(金斯郡)

曼哈頓區(紐約郡)

皇后區(昆士郡)

史泰登島區(里奇蒙郡)

政治政府

市長

選舉(英語:New York City mayoral elections)

議會

區長(英語:Borough president)

社區委員會(英語:Community boards of New York City)

政治(英語:Politics of New York City)

市政機關(英語:List of New York City agencies)

應急服務

醫院(英語:List of hospitals in New York City)

消防

警察

犯罪率(英語:Crime in New York City)

執法部門(英語:Law enforcement in New York City)

應急管理(英語:New York City Emergency Management)

交通運輸

歷史(英語:History of transportation in New York City)

機構

交通局(英語:New York City Department of Transportation)

前交通局(英語:New York City Board of Transportation)

零死亡願景(英語:Vision Zero (New York City))

大都會運輸署

地鐵

公交車

史泰登島鐵路

長島鐵路

大都會北方鐵路

紐新捷運

橋梁與隧道(英語:List of bridges and tunnels in New York City)

街道

文化體育(英語:Culture of New York City)

藝術(英語:New York City arts organizations)

餐飲(英語:Cuisine of New York City)

方言(英語:New York City English)

圖書館

布魯克林區

紐約(曼哈頓區、布朗克斯區和史泰登島區)

皇后區

博物館(英語:List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City)

音樂(英語:Music of New York City)

暱稱(英語:Nicknames of New York City)

第六區(英語:Sixth borough)

體育(英語:Sports in the New York metropolitan area)

旅遊

花園(英語:List of New York City gardens)

地標(英語:Lists of New York City landmarks)

公園(英語:List of New York City parks)

社區花園(英語:Community gardens in New York City)

教育系統(英語:Education in New York City)

教育局

小學(英語:List of public elementary schools in New York City)

高中(英語:List of high schools in New York City)

高等院校(英語:List of colleges and universities in New York City)

歷史沿革

時間線(英語:Timeline of New York City)

史前時代至1664年(英語:History of New York City (prehistory–1664))

新阿姆斯特丹時期

1784年至1854年(英語:History of New York City (1784–1854))

1855年至1897年(英語:History of New York City (1855–1897))

內戰時期(英語:New York City in the American Civil War)

1874年吞併(英語:West Bronx)

1895年擴張(英語:East Bronx)

1898年擴張(英語:City of Greater New York)

1898年至1945年(英語:History of New York City (1898–1945))

1946年至1977年(英語:History of New York City (1946–1977))

1978年迄今(英語:History of New York City (1978–present))

9/11

COVID-19(英語:COVID-19 pandemic in New York City)

搬家日(英語:Moving Day (New York City))

坦慕尼協會

分類

資源

 地理位置

博根郡(紐澤西州)

威斯特徹斯特郡揚克斯

(長島海灣)

哈德遜郡(紐澤西州)澤西市

拿索郡

西

  紐約市  

米德爾塞克斯郡(紐澤西州)

蒙茅斯郡(紐澤西州)

(大西洋)

經緯度40°43′N 74°0′W / 40.717°N 74.000°W / 40.717; -74.000

閱論編紐約州首府:阿伯尼主題

歷史

地理

政府

都會區

阿伯尼 / 斯克內克塔迪 / 特洛伊

賓漢頓

水牛城 / 尼加拉大瀑布城

埃爾邁拉 / 康寧

格倫斯瀑布

伊薩卡

詹姆士敦

紐約

紐堡 / 米德爾敦

波基普西

羅徹斯特

雪城

由提卡-羅馬

阿伯尼

阿勒格尼

布朗克斯(即布朗克斯區)

布魯姆

卡特羅格斯

卡尤加

肖托夸

希芒

希南戈

柯林頓

哥倫比亞

科特蘭

德拉瓦

達奇斯

伊利

埃塞克斯

富蘭克林

富爾頓

傑納西

格林

漢密爾頓

赫基默

傑佛遜

國王(即布魯克林區)

劉易斯

利文斯頓

麥迪遜

門羅

蒙哥馬利

拿索

紐約(即曼哈頓區)

尼加拉

奧奈達

奧農多加

安大略

奧蘭治

奧爾良

奧斯威戈

奧齊戈

帕特南

皇后(即皇后區)

倫塞勒

里奇蒙(即史泰登島區)

羅克蘭

聖羅倫斯

薩拉托加

斯克內克塔迪

斯科哈瑞

斯凱勒

塞尼卡

斯托本

蘇福克

蘇利文

泰奧加

湯普金斯

阿爾斯特

華倫

華盛頓

韋恩

威斯特徹斯特

懷俄明

耶茨

閱論編 美國50大都市

紐約

洛杉磯

芝加哥

休士頓

鳳凰城

費城

聖安東尼奧

聖地牙哥

達拉斯

聖荷西

奧斯汀

傑克孫維

沃斯堡

哥倫布

印第安納波利斯

夏洛特

舊金山

西雅圖

丹佛

華盛頓

納許維爾

奧克拉荷馬市

艾爾帕索

波士頓

波特蘭

拉斯維加斯

底特律

曼菲斯

路易維爾

巴爾的摩

密爾沃基

阿布奎基

土桑

佛雷斯諾

沙加緬度

堪薩斯城

梅薩

亞特蘭大

奧馬哈

科羅拉多斯普林斯

羅里

長灘

維吉尼亞海灘

邁阿密

奧克蘭

明尼亞波利斯

土爾沙

貝克斯菲爾德

威奇托

阿靈頓

2020年美國人口普查

閱論編世界市區人口五十大城市   

東京 雅加達 德里 馬尼拉 首爾 孟買 上海 紐約 聖保羅 墨西哥城

廣州–佛山 深圳 北京 達卡 京都-大阪-神戶 開羅 莫斯科 曼谷 洛杉磯 加爾各答

拉哥斯 布宜諾斯艾利斯 喀拉蚩 伊斯坦堡 德黑蘭 天津 金夏沙 成都 里約熱內盧 拉合爾

利馬 班加羅爾 巴黎 胡志明 倫敦 波哥大 金奈 名古屋 海得拉巴 約翰尼斯堡

芝加哥 台北 武漢 東莞 河內 重慶 奧尼查 吉隆坡 艾哈邁達巴德 羅安達

閱論編歷史上的美國首都第一次大陸會議(1774年)費城第二次大陸會議(1775年–1781年)費城 → 巴爾的摩 → 蘭開斯特 → 約克 → 費城邦聯會議(1781年–1789年)費城 → 普林斯頓 → 安那波利斯 → 翠登 → 紐約美國聯邦政府(1789年至今)紐約 → 費城 → 華盛頓哥倫比亞特區

閱論編波士頓-華盛頓城市帶(東北城市帶)主要都市區

紐約(市)

費城(英語:Delaware Valley)(市)

華盛頓(英語:Washington metropolitan area)(市)

波士頓(市)

巴爾的摩(英語:Baltimore metropolitan area)(市)

其他城市(人口超過100,000)

紐華克

澤西市

揚克斯

伍斯特

普羅維登斯

春田市

亞歷山德里亞

帕特森

橋港

伊莉莎白

哈特福

紐哈芬

史丹福

阿倫敦

曼徹斯特

沃特伯里

劍橋

洛厄爾

閱論編 紐約市大專院校綜合性

哥倫比亞

紐約城市大學

福坦莫

長島

新學院

紐約大學

佩斯

聖約翰

杜魯

葉史瓦

文理學院

巴納德

博里庫阿(英語:Boricua College)

國王(英語:The King's College (New York City))

曼哈頓

瑪麗山曼哈頓

默西(英語:Mercy College (New York))

聖文森山(英語:College of Mount Saint Vincent)

尼雅克(英語:Nyack College)

聖弗蘭西斯(英語:St. Francis College)

聖約瑟夫(英語:St. Joseph's College (New York))

華格納

藝術及工程

美國戲劇藝術學院

美國音樂戲劇學院(英語:American Musical and Dramatic Academy)

巴德研究生院(英語:Bard Graduate Center)

庫伯聯盟

佳士得(英語:Christie's Education)

時裝技術學院(英語:Fashion Institute of Technology)

茱莉亞學院

商務實驗研究所(英語:Laboratory Institute of Merchandising)

曼哈頓音樂學院

紐約藝術學院(英語:New York Academy of Art)

紐約電影學院

紐約科技學院

紐約工作室學校(英語:New York Studio School)

普瑞特

視覺藝術學院

SUNY海事學院

沃恩航空技術學院(英語:Vaughn College of Aeronautics and Technology)

醫學及法律

布魯克林法學院

愛因斯坦

西奈山

紐約法學院

太平洋東方醫學院(英語:Pacific College of Oriental Medicine)

菲利普斯貝斯以色列護理學院(英語:Phillips Beth Israel School of Nursing)

紐約足科學院(英語:New York College of Podiatric Medicine)

洛克菲勒

SUNY下州醫學院(英語:SUNY Downstate Medical Center)

SUNY眼科學院(英語:SUNY State College of Optometry)

康奈爾醫學院

神學院

宣道會神學院(英語:Alliance Theological Seminary)

聖公會總會神學院(英語:General Theological Seminary)

希伯來協和學院

美國猶太教神學院

紐約協和神學院

紐約神學院(英語:New York Theological Seminary)

成人教育

布拉姆森ORT學院(英語:Bramson ORT College)

布萊爾克利夫(英語:Briarcliffe College)

德銳(英語:DeVry University)

吉布斯(英語:Gibbs College)

大都會(英語:Metropolitan College of New York)

門羅(英語:Monroe College)

其他

銀行街教育學院(英語:Bank Street College of Education)

柏克萊(英語:Berkeley College)

哥倫比亞大學教育學院

規範控制

WorldCat Identities

BIBSYS: 9054633

BNA: 000032207

BNE: XX450884

BNF: cb11938130m (data)

FAST: 1204333

GND: 4042011-5

ISNI: 0000 0001 2196 6726

J9U: 987007552649105171

LCCN: n79007751

NARA: 10045276

NDL: 00628906

NKC: ge130170

NLA: 35382461

NSK: 000568345

SNAC: w6zm66qw

SUDOC: 027311538

VIAF: 266415900

取自「https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=纽约&oldid=81725021」

分類:​紐約市紐約州城市美國前首都大西洋沿海城市前荷蘭殖民地美國前州首府1624年建立的聚居地1624年荷蘭帝國建立荷蘭西印度公司所建定居點紐約州哈德遜河岸定居點隱藏分類:​含有非數字formatnum參數的頁面含有日語的條目Webarchive模板wayback連結引文格式1錯誤:日期CS1英語來源 (en)引用自1911年大英百科全書並包含維基文庫引用的維基百科條目自2010年9月帶有失效連結的條目Webarchive模板archiveis連結CS1匈牙利語來源 (hu)CS1美國英語來源 (en-us)使用ISBN魔術連結的頁面含有英語的條目使用多個圖像且自動縮放的頁面含有拉丁語的條目含有法語的條目含有荷蘭語的條目使用人口模板的頁面有藍鏈卻未移除內部連結助手模板的頁面含有西班牙語的條目包含BIBSYS標識符的維基百科條目包含BNA標識符的維基百科條目包含BNE標識符的維基百科條目包含BNF標識符的維基百科條目包含FAST標識符的維基百科條目包含GND標識符的維基百科條目包含ISNI標識符的維基百科條目包含J9U標識符的維基百科條目包含LCCN標識符的維基百科條目包含NARA標識符的維基百科條目包含NDL標識符的維基百科條目包含NKC標識符的維基百科條目包含NLA標識符的維基百科條目包含NSK標識符的維基百科條目包含SNAC-ID標識符的維基百科條目包含SUDOC標識符的維基百科條目包含VIAF標識符的維基百科條目包含17元素的規範控制

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New York City Visitor Information - Visit New York - Associated Visitors Bureau

York City Visitor Information - Visit New York - Associated Visitors Bureau All New York HotelsCar RentalsFlightsVacations Come and Dream in the City That Never Sleeps“The City that Never Sleeps” is a city that needs no introduction, of course. The Statue of Liberty has not moved, Central Park still stretches from 59th street to 110th Street (between Fifth and Eighth Avenues), and the Museum of Natural History still stands more or less across the park from the Guggenheim Museum and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, in Upper West and Upper East sides respectively, and the Empire State Building is still there, towering over Fifth Avenue at 34th Street.However, even for regular visitors, things do change … More About New York CityEditors’ Hotel Picks MILLENNIUM HILTON MARRIOTT MARQUIS TIMES SQUARE HYATT REGENCY JERSEY CITYFind a Hotel in New York City DOWNTOWN/WALL STREET LAGUARDIA AIRPORT SOHO TRIBECA UPPER EAST SIDE JERSEY CITY / HOBOKEN MIDTOWN EAST THE MEADOWLANDS UPPER WEST SIDE KENNEDY AIRPORT (JFK) MIDTOWN WEST THEATER DISTRICT TIMES SQUARE ALL HOTELS Are You Paying Too Much?Things to Do in New York City STATUE OF LIBERTY MUSEUMS & GALLERIES ONE WORLD OBSERVATORY HUDSON YARDS Broadway Shows 9/11 MEMORIAL & MUSEUM EDUCATIONAL TOURS ATTRACTIONS NIGHTLIFEMore New York City Visitor Information BASIC INFORMATION MAPS & GUIDES NYC WEATHER CityPASS INFORMATION CENTERS TRANSPORTATIONOther Associated Visitors Bureaus’ SitesVisitNewYork.comVisitBoston.comVisitWashington.comVisitChicago.NETVisitQuebec.comVisitMiami.comVisitKeyWest.comVisitSanFrancisco.NETVisitLosAngeles.LAAssociated Visitors Bureaus Advertise on Us ©2024 Visit New York. All Rights Reserved. Affiliate of the Associated Visitors Bureaus. ×Are You Paying Too Much for Your Hotel?One way to assess the relative fairness of a hotel rate is to divide the hotel rate by the number of stars associated with the property. That is, if you’re considering a three-star hotel at $300 per night, you’re paying $100 per star. Compare this to the other three-star hotels at the destination, or better yet, in the neighborhood. If the prevailing rate is $75 per star, you might be paying too much.WHAT ARE STAR RATINGS?Five Star HotelsLuxurious Hotels. These are hotels that offer only large, luxurious to elegant guest accommodations and the pinnacle of service by any standard, often with opulent restaurants. Most Ritz Carltons, Conrads, and Four Seasons.Four Star HotelsDeluxe Hotels. Full-service hotels (with bellmen, concierge and room service) and palpably well-appointed rooms and gourmet restaurants. Most Hyatts and Marriotts.Three Star HotelsFirst Class Hotels. Mid-level properties with clean but basic furnishings and facilities and restaurants that serve three meals per day. Holiday Inns, Hampton Inns.Two Star HotelsModerate Hotels. Usually clean, adequate, smaller hotels that may or may not have restaurants, but may serve extended continental breakfasts in the public areas. Days Inns, LaQuintas.One Star HotelsEconomy Hotels. Often independent hotels without bellhop or room services, sometimes with exterior access to guestrooms. Econolodges, Motel 6. ×

Experience New York City - Lonely Planet | New York, USA, North America

rience New York City - Lonely Planet | New York, USA, North AmericaSearch My trips Saves eLibraryAccount settingsSign outDestinationsBest in TravelFeaturedAfricaAntarcticaAsiaCaribbean IslandsCentral AmericaEuropeMiddle EastNorth AmericaPacificSouth AmericaSee all DestinationsPlanningTrip planning toolsFeaturedPlan with local expertsBudget your tripBook tours and activitiesSee all PlanningStoriesLonely Planet NewsletterFeaturedAdventure TravelArt and CultureBeaches, Coasts and IslandsFamily HolidaysFestivalsFood and DrinkHoneymoon and RomanceRoad TripsSustainable TravelTravel on a BudgetWildlife and NatureSee all StoriesShopNew Book ReleasesFeaturedDestination guidesPictorial & giftsPhrasebooksLonely Planet KidsSee all ShopNew York City Back to top© Vincent Tullo/NYC & CompanyGallery+ 4New York CityNew York,USA,North AmericaEpicenter of the arts. Architectural darling. Dining and shopping capital. Trendsetter. New York City wears many crowns, and spreads an irresistible feast for all.Best Time to VisitBest Things to DoYour next trip starts hereGo from dreaming to planning with trip planning options made to help you craft your ideal itinerary.LoginGet startedAttractionsMust-see attractionsMetropolitan Museum of ArtUpper East SideWhat started with a handful of paintings brought over from Europe or donated by a coterie of philanthropically minded robber barons in the 19th century…Central ParkUpper West Side & Central ParkOne of the world’s most renowned green spaces, Central Park comprises 843 acres of rolling meadows, boulder-studded outcroppings, elm-lined walkways,…Ellis IslandFinancial District & Lower ManhattanLocated in New York Harbor, Ellis Island is the US's most famous and historically important gateway and is home to one of the country’s most moving…Empire State BuildingMidtownThe Chrysler Building may be prettier, and One World Trade Center taller, but the queen bee of the New York skyline remains the Empire State Building. NYC…One World ObservatoryFinancial District & Lower ManhattanSpanning three levels at the top of the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, One World Observatory offers dazzling panoramic views over Manhattan's…Guggenheim MuseumUpper East SideA New York icon, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, more commonly known as the Guggenheim, is an internationally-renowned art museum and one of the most…Statue of LibertyFinancial District & Lower ManhattanIt’s been over a century since Lady Liberty made her debut appearance on the New York skyline, but this iconic statue is still one of the city’s most…National September 11 Memorial MuseumFinancial District & Lower ManhattanWhen the twin towers of the World Trade Center toppled during the awful events of 11 September 2001, it led to years of soul-searching about what would be…View more attractionsView more attractionsAttractionsTop picks from our travel experts15 of the best things to do in New York City Curated by Ethan GelberChrysler BuildingMidtownDesigned by William Van Alen and completed in 1930, the 77-floor Chrysler Building is the pinup for New York's purest art deco architecture, guarded by…Metropolitan Museum of ArtUpper East SideWhat started with a handful of paintings brought over from Europe or donated by a coterie of philanthropically minded robber barons in the 19th century…Brooklyn Botanic GardenNew York CityOpened in 1911 and now one of Brooklyn's most picturesque sights, this 52-acre garden is home to thousands of plants and trees and a Japanese garden where…Bronx ZooThe BronxThis 265-acre zoo is the country’s biggest and oldest, with over 6000 animals and re-created habitats from around the world, from African plains to Asian…High LineWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictIt’s hard to believe that the 1½-mile-long High Line – a shining example of brilliant urban renewal – was once a dingy freight line that anchored a rather…Museum of Modern ArtMidtownSuperstar of the modern-art scene, MoMA's galleries are a Who’s Who of artistic heavyweights: Van Gogh, Matisse, Picasso, Warhol, Lichtenstein, Rothko,…Empire State BuildingMidtownThe Chrysler Building may be prettier, and One World Trade Center taller, but the queen bee of the New York skyline remains the Empire State Building. NYC…Ellis IslandFinancial District & Lower ManhattanLocated in New York Harbor, Ellis Island is the US's most famous and historically important gateway and is home to one of the country’s most moving…Brooklyn MuseumNew York CityThis encyclopedic museum, imagined as the centerpiece of the 19th-century Brooklyn Institute, occupies a five-story, 560,000-sq-ft beaux-arts building…Top of the RockMidtownWhen it comes to views in New York City, you’ll be spoiled for choice. The One World Observatory may have the edge for height, and the Empire State…Luna ParkNew York CityThe original Luna Park, the most famous of Coney Island's competing amusement parks, opened in 1903 and reigned for decades until destroyed by fire in the…Statue of LibertyFinancial District & Lower ManhattanIt’s been over a century since Lady Liberty made her debut appearance on the New York skyline, but this iconic statue is still one of the city’s most…National September 11 Memorial MuseumFinancial District & Lower ManhattanWhen the twin towers of the World Trade Center toppled during the awful events of 11 September 2001, it led to years of soul-searching about what would be…Central ParkUpper West Side & Central ParkOne of the world’s most renowned green spaces, Central Park comprises 843 acres of rolling meadows, boulder-studded outcroppings, elm-lined walkways,…Coney IslandNew York CityAbout an hour by subway from Midtown, this popular seaside neighborhood makes for a great day trip. The wide sandy beach has retained its nostalgic,…New York Botanical GardenThe BronxFounded back in 1891, this welcome expanse of green takes in 50 acres of old-growth forest, alongside lush gardens, ornate greenhouses and water features …Times SquareMidtownLove it or hate it, the intersection of Broadway and Seventh Ave (aka Times Square) pumps out the NYC of the global imagination – yellow cabs, golden…Nathan’s FamousNew York CityThe hot dog was invented in Coney Island in 1867, which means that eating a frankfurter is practically obligatory here. The top choice: Nathan’s Famous,…Industry CityNew York CityThese six towering warehouses by the Brooklyn waterfront have been repurposed as a 35-acre hub for shops, design studios, start-ups and nonprofits. The…Yankee StadiumThe BronxThe Boston Red Sox like to talk about their record of nine World Series championships in the last 90 years…well, the Yankees have won a mere 27 in that…Grand Central TerminalMidtownCompleted in 1913, Grand Central Terminal – commonly, if incorrectly, called Grand Central Station – is one of New York’s most venerated beaux-arts…American Museum of Natural HistoryUpper West Side & Central ParkFounded back in 1869, this venerable museum contains a veritable wonderland of more than 34 million objects, specimens and artifacts – including armies of…Met CloistersHarlem & Upper ManhattanOn a hilltop overlooking the Hudson River, the Cloisters is a curious architectural jigsaw, its many parts made up of various European monasteries and…Radio City Music HallMidtownThis spectacular moderne movie palace was the brainchild of vaudeville producer Samuel Lionel 'Roxy' Rothafel. Never one for understatement, Roxy launched…Madison Square GardenMidtownNYC's major performance venue – part of the massive complex housing Penn Station – hosts big-arena performers, from Kanye West to Madonna. It’s also a…Citi FieldQueensThe home of the New York Mets, the city's underdog baseball team, Citi Field opened in 2009, replacing the earlier Mets HQ, Shea Stadium. In contrast to…Rockefeller CenterMidtownThis 22-acre 'city within a city' debuted at the height of the Great Depression, with developer John D Rockefeller Jr footing the $100-million price tag…21 best free things to do in New York CityCurated by Robert ReidGreen-Wood CemeteryNew York CityIf you want to enjoy a slice of scenic Brooklyn in total peace and quiet, make for Green-Wood Cemetery. This historic burial ground set on the borough’s…New York Public LibraryMidtownLoyally guarded by 'Patience' and 'Fortitude' (the marble lions overlooking Fifth Ave), this beaux-arts show-off is one of NYC's best free attractions…Museum at FITMidtownFashionistas won't want to miss a visit to the fabulous sartorial exhibits at the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT), which holds one of the world's…David ZwirnerWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictDavid Zwirner operates several galleries around Chelsea, including this five-story, sustainability-certified building with 30,000 sq ft of exhibition…Blue NoteWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictWith the likes of Sarah Vaughan, Lionel Hampton and Dizzy Gillespie gracing its stage since it opened in 1981, Blue Note is one of NYC's premier jazz…High LineWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictIt’s hard to believe that the 1½-mile-long High Line – a shining example of brilliant urban renewal – was once a dingy freight line that anchored a rather…Hudson YardsMidtownAfter six years of construction and $25 billion of investment, the first phase of Manhattan's new megadevelopment 'neighborhood' on the Hudson finally…National Museum of the American IndianFinancial District & Lower ManhattanAn affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, this elegant tribute to Native American culture occupies Cass Gilbert's spectacular 1907 Custom House, one of…Delacorte TheaterUpper West Side & Central ParkEvery summer the Public Theater heads here to present its fabulous free productions of Shakespeare in the Park, which founder Joseph Papp began back in…Public TheaterSoHo & ChinatownThis legendary theater was founded as the Shakespeare Workshop back in 1954 and has launched some of New York's big hits, including Hamilton in 2015…Statue of LibertyFinancial District & Lower ManhattanIt’s been over a century since Lady Liberty made her debut appearance on the New York skyline, but this iconic statue is still one of the city’s most…Central ParkUpper West Side & Central ParkOne of the world’s most renowned green spaces, Central Park comprises 843 acres of rolling meadows, boulder-studded outcroppings, elm-lined walkways,…Leslie-Lohman Museum of Gay & Lesbian ArtSoHo & ChinatownThe world's first museum dedicated to LGBTIQ+ themes stages six to eight annual exhibitions of both homegrown and international art. Offerings have…Strawberry FieldsUpper West Side & Central ParkStanding inside the park across from the famous Dakota Building, where John Lennon was fatally shot in 1980, is this poignant, tear-shaped garden – a…New York Earth RoomSoHo & ChinatownSince 1980 the oddity of the New York Earth Room, the work of artist Walter De Maria, has been wooing the curious with something not easily found in the…Socrates Sculpture ParkQueensFirst carved out of an abandoned dump by sculptor Mark di Suvero, Socrates is now a city park on the river's edge with beautiful views and a rotating…Prospect ParkNew York CityBrooklyn is blessed with a number of historic, view-laden and well used green spaces, but its emerald is Prospect Park. The designers of the 585-acre park…Pace GalleryWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictWith seven galleries across the world – including this eight-story Chelsea flagship – and decades of experience showing the work of such artists as Willem…American Folk Art MuseumUpper West Side & Central ParkThis small institution offers rotating exhibitions in three small galleries. Past exhibits have included quilts made by 19th-century soldiers and…General Ulysses S Grant National MemorialHarlem & Upper ManhattanPopularly known as Grant’s Tomb (‘Who’s buried in Grant’s Tomb?’ ‘Who?’ ‘Grant, stupid!’ goes a classic joke), this landmark holds the remains of Civil…BarbèsNew York CityThis compact bar and performance space, named after a neighborhood in Paris with a strong North African flavor, is owned by French musicians (and longtime…Village VanguardWest Village, Chelsea & Meatpacking DistrictPossibly NYC's most prestigious jazz club, the Vanguard has hosted literally every major star of the past 50 years. Starting in 1935 as a venue for beat…African Burial Ground National MonumentFinancial District & Lower ManhattanIn 1991, construction workers here uncovered more than 400 stacked wooden caskets, just 16ft to 28ft below street level. The boxes contained the remains…Bronx MuseumThe BronxCulture vultures will enjoy the Bronx Museum for its its well-executed exhibitions of contemporary and 20th-century art. The Bronx Museum has a strong…Planning ToolsExpert guidance to help you plan your tripThings to KnowA perfect balance of urban landscape and green space, New York lends itself to one of the healthiest, most enjoyable outdoor pursuits – cycling. Read article Best NeighborhoodsNew York City is so eclectic that you could visit a neighborhood a day and barely scratch the surface. These eight are a great place to start. Read article Day TripsFrom sleepy towns to vibrant beaches on the Jersey Shore, here are the top day trips from New York City, all within a two-hour journey.Read article Money and CostsNew York City has never been cheap. Yet, as any New Yorker knows, low-cost pleasures abound around town – if you know where to look.Read article TransportationWalking is one of the best ways to explore NYC, but there are taxis, buses, trains, boats and the subway to fall back on. Here's our guide to getting around.Read article Free Things to DoNo filler. No fee. This is the best of New York City for free.Read article Traveling with KidsNYC has something for kids of any age. Explore a museum or run wild at a city park: the Big Apple is filled with family-friendly activities. Read article View moreArticlesLatest stories from New York CityRead more articlesLGBTQIA+Lady Bunny: where I eat, people-watch and play in the West VillageMar 6, 2024 • 5 min readWant to get to know New York City’s legendary West Village like a local? Drag legend Lady Bunny has a few essential recommendations.Black TravelWhat Harlem resident Marcus Samuelsson loves about his neighborhoodMar 5, 2024 • 4 min readFood and DrinkLocal Bites: the best places to eat and drink in BrooklynFeb 28, 2024 • 5 min readTips & AdviceWelcome to Christmas Town, USANov 28, 2023 • 5 min readBudget TravelHow to see New York City on a budgetSep 29, 2023 • 8 min readActivities15 of the best things to do in New York City Sep 22, 2023 • 8 min readHotelsUnderstanding NYC's new Airbnb crackdown: what travelers need to know Sep 22, 2023 • 4 min readActivities21 best free things to do in New York CitySep 22, 2023 • 9 min readPublic TransportThe 6 best day trips from New York CitySep 21, 2023 • 6 min readActivitiesWhat’s the best time to visit New York City? Here’s a season-by-season guideSep 19, 2023 • 6 min readRead more articlesin partnership with getyourguideBook popular activities in New York CityGuidebooksPurchase our award-winning guidebooks

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THE 15 BEST Things to Do in NYC - 2024 (with Photos) - Tripadvisor

15 BEST Things to Do in NYC - 2024 (with Photos) - TripadvisorSkip to main contentDiscoverTripsReviewUSDSign inNew York CityNew York City TourismNew York City HotelsNew York City Bed and BreakfastNew York City Vacation RentalsFlights to New York CityNew York City RestaurantsThings to Do in New York CityNew York City Travel ForumNew York City PhotosNew York City MapHotelsAll New York City HotelsNew York City Hotel DealsLast Minute Hotels in New York CityBy Hotel TypeBy Hotel ClassBy Hotel BrandPopular AmenitiesPopular NeighborhoodsPopular New York City CategoriesNear LandmarksNear Train StationsNear AirportsNear CollegesPopular Hotel CategoriesNew York City MotelsNew York City HostelsNew York City CampgroundsNew York City Luxury HotelsRomantic Hotels in New York CityNew York City ResortsNew York City Business HotelsNew York City CasinosNew York City Spa ResortsNew York City Green HotelsNew York City Family Hotels5-Star Hotels in New York City3-Star Hotels in New York City4-Star Hotels in New York CityThe Leading Hotels Of The World in New York CityCitizenM Hotels in New York CityAloft Hotels in New York CityMoxy Hotels in New York CityMarriott Hotels in New York CityHilton Hotels in New York CitySixty Hotels in New York CityResidence Inns in New York CityLe Méridien Hotels in New York CityFairfield Hotels in New York CityChoice Hotels in New York CityHoliday Inns Express in New York CityJoie De Vivre Hotels in New York CityHampton by Hilton Hotels in New York CityLa Quinta Inns & Suites in New York CityPet Friendly Hotels in New York CityNew York City Hotels with PoolsNew York City Hotels with Free ParkingManhattan Valley HotelsTimes Square HotelsKoreatown HotelsTheater District HotelsFlower District HotelsBattery Park City HotelsDowntown Manhattan (Downtown) HotelsFort George HotelsHotels near Flushing Meadows-Corona ParkHotels near North SlopeBoutique Hotels in New York CityDiscount Hotels in New York CityNew York City Hotels with KitchenetteNew York City Hotels with BalconiesSuite Hotels in New York CityNew York City Hotels with Hot TubsNew York City Cruise Port HotelsNew York City Hotels with GymSpring Break Hotels in New York CityNew York City Hotels with Conference RoomsHotels near Central ParkHotels near The National 9/11 Memorial & MuseumHotels near Empire State BuildingHotels near Top of the RockHotels near The High LineHotels near Times SquareHotels near The Metropolitan Museum of ArtHotels near Grand Central TerminalHotels near Statue of LibertyHotels near BroadwayHotels near City HallHotels near Chambers StHotels near Canal StHotels near Franklin StHotels near Brooklyn Bridge – City HallHotels near Park PlaceHotels near Fulton StHotels near Cortlandt StHotels near Wall StHotels near Broad StHotels near John F. 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York CityOperas in New York CitySymphonies in New York CityDinner Theaters in New York CityCabarets in New York CityBeaches in New York CityGolf Courses in New York CityHorseback Riding Tours in New York CityScenic Drives in New York CitySki & Snowboard Areas in New York CityBiking Trails in New York CityHiking Trails in New York CityMotorcycle Trails in New York CitySports Camps & Clinics in New York CityWater Sports in New York CityGear Rentals in New York CityBoat Rentals in New York CityDolphin & Whale Watching in New York CityGondola Cruises in New York CitySpeed Boats Tours in New York CityTrams in New York CityFerries in New York CityPublic Transportation Systems in New York CityTaxis & Shuttles in New York CityBus Services in New York CityRail Services in New York CityPlaygrounds in New York CityMovie Theaters in New York CityComedy Clubs in New York CityGame & Entertainment Centers in New York CityHorse Tracks in New York CityBowling Alleys in New York CitySports Complexes in New York CityEscape Games in New York CityScavenger Hunts in New York CityShooting Ranges in New York CityWedding Chapels in New York CityMiniature Golf in New York CityPaint & Pottery Studios in New York CityWineries & Vineyards in New York CityBreweries in New York CityDistilleries in New York CityBeer Tastings & Tours in New York CityCoffee & Tea Tours in New York CityCooking Classes in New York CityFood Tours in New York CityWine Tours & Tastings in New York CityWine Bars in New York CityFarmers Markets in New York CityDistillery Tours in New York CityIslands in New York CityPlaygrounds in New York CityBeaches in New York CityDeserts in New York CityForests in New York CityGardens in New York CityGeologic Formations in New York CityMarinas in New York CityNational Parks in New York CityNature & Wildlife Areas in New York CitySki & Snowboard Areas in New York CityBiking Trails in New York CityHiking Trails in New York CityMotorcycle Trails in New York CityBodies of Water in New York CitySports Camps & Clinics in New York CityLessons & Workshops in New York CityCooking Classes in New York CityPaint & Pottery Studios in New York CityWater Sports in New York CityBoat Rentals in New York CityDolphin & Whale Watching in New York CityGondola Cruises in New York CitySpeed Boats Tours in New York CityKayaking & Canoeing in New York CityParasailing & Paragliding in New York CityRiver Rafting & Tubing in New York CityScuba & Snorkelling in New York CityShark Diving in New York CitySubmarine Tours in New York CitySurfing & Windsurfing in New York CitySwim with Dolphins in New York CityWaterskiing & Jetskiing in New York CityDuck Tours in New York CityThings to Do in Downtown Manhattan (Downtown)Things to Do in MidtownThings to Do in Midtown WestThings to Do in Greenwich VillageThings to Do in Upper East SideThings to Do in ChelseaThings to Do in TenderloinThings to Do in Times SquareThings to Do in Gramercy-FlatironThings to Do in Upper Manhattan (Uptown)Things to Do in Times Square / Theater DistrictThings to Do in Hell's KitchenThings to Do in SoHoThings to Do in Hudson YardsThings to Do in West VillageThings to do near The National 9/11 Memorial & MuseumThings to do near The Metropolitan Museum of ArtThings to do near Central ParkThings to do near Empire State BuildingThings to do near Top of the RockThings to do near Statue of LibertyThings to do near Brooklyn BridgeThings to do near The High LineThings to do near One World ObservatoryThings to do near Grand Central TerminalThings to do near The Met CloistersThings to do near Rockefeller CenterThings to do near Radio City Music HallThings to do near Bryant ParkThings to do near Staten Island FerryThings to do near LaGuardia Airport (LGA)Things to do near John F. 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Award Winner 2023Land and Sea Tours/ Land SharkRail ExplorersPetit Train AvignonHue Easy RiderHanoi Backstreet ToursWitch's Rock Canopy TourJolly Roger Pirate Show CancúnCranberry Bog ToursThe Maui Butterfly FarmGalveston Duck ToursRestaurantsFlightsVacation RentalsTravel StoriesCruisesRental CarsToursAdd a PlaceTravel ForumAirlinesTravelers' ChoiceHelp CenterUnited StatesNew York (NY)New York CityThings to Do in New York CityThings to Do in New York City, NY - New York City AttractionsThings to Do in New York CityStart with sightseeing NYC’s greatest hits: Times Square, the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, and spend the rest of your time checking out neighborhood gems.Explore popular experiencesSee what other travelers like to do, based on ratings and number of bookings.See AllDay Cruises (85)City Tours (485)Architectural Buildings (89)Walking Tours (772)Cultural Tours (413)Points of Interest & Landmarks (200)Museum Tickets & Passes (31)Half-day Tours (392)Theaters (207)Bus Tours (267)Self-guided Tours (60)Specialty Museums (110)Skip the line Tickets (30)Full-day Tours (124)Historic Sites (60)Night Tours (35)Hop on Hop Off Buses (20)Art Museums (67)Airport & Hotel Transfers (124)Special Offer (123)Churches & Cathedrals (88)Top PicksLikely to Sell Out (78)Luxury & Special Occasions (260)Classes & Workshops (28)Family Friendly (5)Theme Parks (1)Ways to tour New York CityBook these experiences for a close-up look at New York City.See allNew York in One Day Guided Sightseeing Tour3,758Bus Toursfrom $99 per adultReserve Deluxe Manhattan Helicopter Tour39Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultReserve SUMMIT One Vanderbilt Experience Ticket1,927Skyscrapers & Towersfrom $46 per adultReserve Washington DC Day Tour from New York City403Historical Toursfrom $145 per adultReserve New York Helicopter Tour: Ultimate Manhattan Sightseeing534Helicopter Toursfrom $289 per adultReserve New York City Sightseeing bus tour and boat ride included157Bus Toursfrom $219$197 per adultReserve New York's Iconic, Top of the Rock Observation Deck1,266Historical Toursfrom $44 per adultReserve 2023Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island Tour: All Options4,542Historical Toursfrom $44 per adultReserve Official NYC Horse Carriage Rides in Central Park since 1979 ™1,982Historical Toursfrom $125 per group (up to 4)Reserve All-Access 9/11: Ground Zero Tour, Memorial and Museum, One World Observatory1,456Historical Toursfrom $109 per adultReserve Day CruisesSee allLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Architecture Yacht Cruise365Architecture Toursfrom $116 per adultBEST SELLERNew York City Statue of Liberty Super Express Cruise362Historical Toursfrom $29 per adultCircle Line: Complete Manhattan Island Cruise1,227Audio Guidesfrom $52 per adultCircle Line: New York City Harbor Lights Cruise784Audio Guidesfrom $54 per adultBEST SELLERNew York in One Day Guided Sightseeing Tour3,758Bus Toursfrom $99 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Statue of Liberty and New York City Skyline Sightseeing Cruise268Full-day Toursfrom $48 per adultNiagara Falls in One Day from New York City446Full-day Toursfrom $177 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York City Sunset Cruise on Yacht Manhattan 88Food & Drinkfrom $94 per adultNew York City Freedom Liberty Cruise921City Toursfrom $44 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York City Lights and Skyline Cruise on Yacht34Private and Luxuryfrom $72 per adultNew York City Landmarks Circle Line Cruise433Audio Guidesfrom $44 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Around Manhattan Brunch Cruise43Food & Drinkfrom $142 per adult (price varies by group size)Circle Line: NYC Liberty Cruise306Full-day Toursfrom $32 per adultStatue of Liberty Sunset Cruise and New York City Sky Line 9Stand Up Paddleboardingfrom $35 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Statue of Liberty Tour with Ellis Island & Museum of Immigration153Day Cruisesfrom $59 per adult (price varies by group size)See It All NYC Walking and Boat Tour48Historical Toursfrom $70 per adultBateaux New York Premier Brunch Cruise18Food & Drinkfrom $106 per adult2023Manhattan Adventure Boat Ride377Adventure Toursfrom $99 per adultNOW OPEN: Statue of Liberty Sightseeing Cruise 60 Min1Audio Guidesfrom $35 per adult60 min Sightseeing Cruise on a Yacht to View The Statue of Liberty46Historical Toursfrom $16 per adultTop Attractions in New York CityMapSee allThese rankings are informed by traveler reviews—we consider the quality, quantity, recency, consistency of reviews, and the number of page views over time.20231. Central Park4.5 of 5 bubbles133,934Points of Interest & LandmarksFor more than 150 years, visitors have flocked to Central Park's 843 green acres in the heart of Manhattan. Since 1980, the Park has been managed by the Central Park Conservancy, in partnership with the public. Central Park is open 6 am to 1 am daily. Visit the official website of Central Park to learn more about Park happenings and activities and to learn how you to help Central Park!See full details See ways to experience (125)20232. The National 9/11 Memorial & Museum4.5 of 5 bubbles96,942Speciality MuseumsAdmission tickets from $33Through commemoration, exhibitions and educational programs, The National September 11 Memorial & Museum, a nonprofit in New York City, remembers and honors the 2,983 people killed in the horrific attacks of September 11, 2001, and February 26, 1993, as well as those who risked their lives to save others and all who demonstrated extraordinary compassion in the aftermath of the attacks.

9/11 Memorial, Open Daily, 7-days, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

9/11 Memorial Museum, Open Thursday–Monday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Thanksgiving and Christmas: Memorial Only, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.; Museum ClosedSee full details See ways to experience (107)20233. The Metropolitan Museum of Art5.0 of 5 bubbles55,208Points of Interest & LandmarksAt New York City's most visited museum and attraction, you will experience over 5,000 years of art from around the world. The Met is for anyone as a source of inspiration, insight and understanding. You can learn, escape, play, dream, discover, connect.See full details See ways to experience (61)20234. Empire State Building4.5 of 5 bubbles95,189Points of Interest & LandmarksAdmission tickets from $48The Empire State Building is the World's Most Famous Building. It rises 1,454 ft from ground to antenna & features the only 360 degree open-air vantage point of Midtown. The 86th & 102nd Fl Observatories are open daily, see esbnyc.com for hours. On a clear day you can see up to 6 states. The brand-new 2nd floor museum (included in all ticket options) offers guests 10,000 sq ft of interactive exhibits that invite visitors on a journey beginning from the building’s construction to its current place in pop culture. The 102nd Fl Obs features floor-to-ceiling windows and a glass elevator with sound & light experience. It is the jewel of NYC. All signage, audio & exhibits in the building are available in 9 languages. We offer free Wi-Fi. The 34th St Lobby entrance features a grand staircase with a 2-story architectural model of the bldg & a high-tech LED exhibit that celebrates lighting ceremonies performed by famous, celebrity guests. Express guests receive red carpet VIP treatment.See full details See ways to experience (163)20235. The High Line4.5 of 5 bubbles63,008ParksThis elevated railway turned public park provides fantastic views of the Hudson River and New York City skyline on Manhattan's West Side. The 1.5-mile High Line draws travelers to its lush horticulture, art installations and community programs. Here, you can have a leisure stroll along the structure and admire colorful murals and installations all around. Other must-sees of the area include the Chelsea Market, the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Vessel. Hear the story behind this unique greenway on a free tour led by knowledgeable guides which takes place on some days. – TripadvisorSee full details See ways to experience (47)20236. Broadway4.5 of 5 bubbles31,748Points of Interest & LandmarksMidtown Manhattan is home to one of the world's most famous theatre districts, with iconic musicals and well-loved plays staged live at over 40 theatres.See full details See ways to experience (56)20237. Top of the Rock4.5 of 5 bubbles80,195LookoutsTop of the Rock Observation Deck, the newly opened, 3-tiered observation deck on the 67th, 69th and 70th floors of 30 Rockefeller Plaza, is New York City's most amazing attraction! The unforgettable experience includes a panoramic 360-degree, unobstructed view from the 70th floor observatory, 850 feet in the sky! Hours of Operation: 8:00 AM - Midnight, last elevator goes up at 11:00 PM.Main entrance is located on 50th Street between 5th & 6th Avenues.See full details See ways to experience (19)20238. Brooklyn Bridge4.5 of 5 bubbles26,020BridgesOpened in 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge provides passage between Brooklyn and Manhattan for motorists, trains, bicycles and pedestrians. One of the primary symbols of New York City, it is a marvel of design and provides spectacular views of the city's skyline.See full details See ways to experience (236)20239. Statue of Liberty4.5 of 5 bubbles44,053Points of Interest & LandmarksThe Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World was a gift of friendship from the people of France to the people of the United States and is a universal symbol of freedom and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and restored for her centennial on July 4, 1986.See full details See ways to experience (240)202310. Grand Central Terminal4.5 of 5 bubbles44,738Points of Interest & LandmarksGrand Central Terminal is the most extraordinary public space in New York City. Opened to the public in 1913, this historic train terminal is a world-famous landmark in Midtown. Its rich history is a story of immense wealth and great engineering. Grand Central is one of the busiest train stations in the world, with approximately 750,000 visitors every day. It is the home of Metro-North Railroad, a subway station, iconic restaurants, shops, and the world's most alluring Apple Store. Some of the highlights to see along your tour of Grand Central include the opal-faced clock, valued at $20 million, above the Information Booth, the Largest Tiffany Glass Clock in the World below the 48-foot, 1500-ton Transportation statue overlooking 42nd Street at Park Avenue, and the mystifying acoustics of the Whispering Gallery in front of the Oyster Bar and Restaurant. Audio and guided tours are available for those with a passion for history. More information regarding tours and ways to plan your visit can be found on the Grand Central Terminal website.See full details See ways to experience (113)202311. Manhattan Skyline5.0 of 5 bubbles21,493Points of Interest & LandmarksFrom the Chrysler Building to the Empire State Building, this world-famous skyline view of New York's most densely populated borough is a must-see for any traveler.See full details See ways to experience (79)202312. Times Square4.5 of 5 bubbles56,806NeighborhoodsCentral area in NYC that has many shops, restaurants, office buildings and flashing billboards around it.See full details See ways to experience (123)123456… Learn how recommendations for the rest of the page are selectedCity ToursSee allThe Manhattan Helicopter Tour of New York301Adventure Toursfrom $249 per adultNYC Food Tour: Chinatown and Little Italy170Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: City Lights Skyline Experience152Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultAll-Access 9/11: Ground Zero Tour, Memorial and Museum, One World Observatory1,456Historical Toursfrom $109 per adultBEST SELLERNew York in One Day Guided Sightseeing Tour3,758Bus Toursfrom $99 per adultSPECIAL OFFERNew York City Sightseeing bus tour and boat ride included157Bus Toursfrom $219 $197 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: Ultimate Manhattan Sightseeing534Helicopter Toursfrom $289 per adultBoroughs of NYC: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn & Coney Island 701Full-day Toursfrom $55 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Ahoy NY Food Tour's Chinatown & Little Italy Food Fest EST 20091,243Food & Drinkfrom $125 per adultNYC Must-See Highlights of Manhattan Bus Tour190Historical Toursfrom $89 per adultCircle Line: Complete Manhattan Island Cruise1,227Audio Guidesfrom $52 per adultCircle Line: New York City Harbor Lights Cruise784Audio Guidesfrom $54 per adultStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour319Historical Toursfrom $55 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Sky Tour: New York Helicopter Flight160Audio Guidesfrom $229 per adultNew York Helicopter Tour: Manhattan, Brooklyn and Staten Island216Architecture Toursfrom $379 per adultThe Big Apple Helicopter Tour of New York City53Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultWashington DC Day Trip from New York City140Historical Toursfrom $179 per adultNew York City Mafia Experience & Local Food: w/Former NYPD Guides70Food & Drinkfrom $129 per adultNew York City at Night Bus Tour185Bus Toursfrom $59 per adultNew York Manhattan Scenic Helicopter Tour72Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultWalking ToursSee allNew York Walking Food Tour With Secret Food Tours698Food & Drinkfrom $85 per adult (price varies by group size)Boroughs of NYC: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn & Coney Island 701Full-day Toursfrom $55 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Ahoy NY Food Tour's Chinatown & Little Italy Food Fest EST 20091,243Food & Drinkfrom $125 per adultNYC Must-See Highlights of Manhattan Bus Tour190Historical Toursfrom $89 per adultBEST SELLERNew York in One Day Guided Sightseeing Tour3,758Bus Toursfrom $99 per adult2023BEST SELLERStatue of Liberty & Ellis Island Tour: All Options4,542Historical Toursfrom $44 per adultNYC Food Tour: Chinatown and Little Italy170Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adultAll-Access 9/11: Ground Zero Tour, Memorial and Museum, One World Observatory1,456Historical Toursfrom $109 per adultStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour319Historical Toursfrom $55 per adultNew York City Mafia Experience & Local Food: w/Former NYPD Guides70Food & Drinkfrom $129 per adultNew York City at Night Bus Tour185Bus Toursfrom $59 per adultNYC Bus Tour of Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens: Contrasts, Color and Character1,133Historical Toursfrom $79 per adultChelsea Market and High Line Food Tour by Like A Local Tours188Food & Drinkfrom $88 per adultNYC Secrets of Grand Central Walking Tour578Historical Toursfrom $39 per adultGreenwich Village Walking and Food Tasting Tour967Food & Drinkfrom $95 per adultSkip-the-Line Metropolitan Museum of Art - Exclusive Guided Tour279Historical Toursfrom $126 per adult (price varies by group size)Full-Day New York "Must See" Small-Group Tour plus One World Observatory Ticket742Historical Toursfrom $129 per adultNew York Catacombs by Candlelight1,518Historical Toursfrom $38 per adultHell's Kitchen Food Tour153Food & Drinkfrom $119 per adultGangsters and Ghosts Tour in NYC197Historical Toursfrom $35 per adultCultural ToursSee allStatue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour319Historical Toursfrom $55 per adultNYC Bus Tour of Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens: Contrasts, Color and Character1,133Historical Toursfrom $79 per adultGreenwich Village Walking and Food Tasting Tour967Food & Drinkfrom $95 per adultPrivate Central Park Pedicab Tour1,301Private and Luxuryfrom $50 per adult2023BEST SELLERStatue of Liberty & Ellis Island Tour: All Options4,542Historical Toursfrom $44 per adultNYC Food Tour: Chinatown and Little Italy170Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adultWashington DC Day Tour from New York City403Historical Toursfrom $145 per adultBoroughs of NYC: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn & Coney Island 701Full-day Toursfrom $55 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Ahoy NY Food Tour's Chinatown & Little Italy Food Fest EST 20091,243Food & Drinkfrom $125 per adultGilded Age Mansions Tour in New York40Historical Toursfrom $40 per adultNYC: The Story Of Lower East Side's Food Culture622Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adult Private Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Tour142Historical Toursfrom $190 per adultDeluxe Private New York City VIP Tour by SUV: Best of NYC. Select 3 or 5 hours21Luxury Car Toursfrom $775 per group (up to 6)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Harlem Sunday Morning Gospel Tour87Art Toursfrom $80 per adultManhattan, Bronx, Queens & Brooklyn- New York City of Contrasts27Historical Toursfrom $54 per adultPhiladelphia and Amish Country Day Trip from New York City39Full-day Toursfrom $179 per adultArtistic, Alternative Greenwich Village Walking Tour369Private and Luxuryfrom $39 per adultSoHo, Little Italy, and Chinatown Walking Tour in New York1,309Private and Luxuryfrom $39 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Statue of Liberty Tour with Ellis Island & Museum of Immigration153Day Cruisesfrom $59 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York City Historic Walking Tour of Hamilton and Washington107Historical Toursfrom $50 per adultDay TripsFrom quick jaunts to full-day outings.See allWashington DC Day Trip from New York City140Historical Toursfrom $179 per adultNiagara Falls in One Day from New York City446Full-day Toursfrom $177 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*NYC - Wine Country Tour w/ Wine & Food Tasting (Long Island)16Food & Drinkfrom $159 per adultSPECIAL OFFERNew York City bus and boat tour29Bus Toursfrom $219 $197 per adultWashington DC Day Tour from New York City403Historical Toursfrom $145 per adultBoroughs of NYC: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn & Coney Island 701Full-day Toursfrom $55 per adult (price varies by group size)NYC Bus Tour of Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens: Contrasts, Color and Character1,133Historical Toursfrom $79 per adultWoodbury Common Premium Outlets Shopping Tour from Manhattan185Fashion Toursfrom $42 per adultWashington DC and Philadelphia in One Day from NYC788Historical Toursfrom $134 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Washington DC and Monuments Day Tour from New York26Full-day Toursfrom $125 per adultManhattan, Bronx, Queens & Brooklyn- New York City of Contrasts27Historical Toursfrom $54 per adultPhiladelphia and Amish Country Day Trip from New York City39Full-day Toursfrom $179 per adultBoston Freedom Trail Day Trip from New York City22Historical Toursfrom $179 per adultDay trip to Washington from New York4Historical Toursfrom $119 per adultExcursion to Washington from New York in 1 day172Full-day Toursfrom $119 per adultFull day Washington DC Tour from New York City14WD Toursfrom $375 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Niagara Falls One Day Tour from New York City45Full-day Toursfrom $200 per adultNew York Contrasts Tour125Historical Toursfrom $50 per adultExcursion from New York to Washington 1 Day4Full-day Toursfrom $119 per adultIconic Highlights Tour of New York City2Historical Toursfrom $125 per adultOutdoor ActivitiesSee allLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: Manhattan Highlights652Adventure Toursfrom $239 per adultNew York Helicopter Tour: City Skyline Experience214Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Helicopter Sightseeing Tour48Adventure Toursfrom $229 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Sky Tour: New York Helicopter Flight160Audio Guidesfrom $229 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: Ultimate Manhattan Sightseeing534Helicopter Toursfrom $289 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Deluxe Manhattan Helicopter Tour39Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultNiagara Falls in One Day from New York City446Full-day Toursfrom $177 per adultBEST SELLERRiseNY - A Soaring Journey Through New York180Museumsfrom $36 per adult50 Minutes Central Park Horse and Carriage Tour Up to 4 Adults37Historical Toursfrom $200 per group (up to 4)The New York Pass®: 100+ Attractions including Empire State Building456Monuments and Memorialsfrom $154 per adult2023Central Park Walking Tour364Historical Toursfrom $44 per adultCentral Park Helicopter Tour 1Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultGuided Standard Central Park Horse Carriage Ride (Up to 4 Adults)54Romantic Toursfrom $195 per group (up to 4)Full day Washington DC Tour from New York City14WD Toursfrom $375 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Niagara Falls One Day Tour from New York City45Full-day Toursfrom $200 per adult45 min Long VIP Central park carriage ride 98Adventure Toursfrom $170 per group (up to 4)SPECIAL OFFER Central Park Electric Scooter Tour NYC36Segway Toursfrom $89 $76 per adultLittle Italy Chinatown Crime & Mafia Walk w/ Ret. NYPD Detective3Food & Drinkfrom $49 per adultRetired NYPD Guided Gangster, Crime and Food Walk7Food & Drinkfrom $129 per adultGrand Helicopter Tour 2Adventure Toursfrom $354 per adultAir, Helicopter & Balloon ToursSee allNew York Helicopter Tour: Manhattan, Brooklyn and Staten Island216Architecture Toursfrom $379 per adultThe Big Apple Helicopter Tour of New York City53Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultNew York Manhattan Scenic Helicopter Tour72Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultManhattan Helicopter Tour from Westchester (Shared)18Adventure Toursfrom $330 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: Manhattan Highlights652Adventure Toursfrom $239 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: Ultimate Manhattan Sightseeing534Helicopter Toursfrom $289 per adultThe Manhattan Helicopter Tour of New York301Adventure Toursfrom $249 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York Helicopter Tour: City Lights Skyline Experience152Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Deluxe Manhattan Helicopter Tour39Adventure Toursfrom $279 per adultNew York Helicopter Tour: City Skyline Experience214Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Helicopter Sightseeing Tour48Adventure Toursfrom $229 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*Manhattan Sky Tour: New York Helicopter Flight160Audio Guidesfrom $229 per adultKearny, NJ: Taste of NYC Helicopter Tour79Adventure Toursfrom $200 per adultPrivate New York City Helicopter Tour for Couples from Westchester24Helicopter Toursfrom $800 per group (up to 2)New York, NY: The Liberty Helicopter Tour12Adventure Toursfrom $224 per adultLiberty Helicopter Tour Adventure Toursfrom $224 per adultThe Empire Helicopter Tour of New York24Adventure Toursfrom $369 per adultKearny, NJ: NYC Skyline Tour15Adventure Toursfrom $235 per adultCentral Park Helicopter Tour 1Adventure Toursfrom $274 per adultNew York City Night Skyline Shared TourHelicopter Toursfrom $198 per adultFood, Wine & NightlifeSee allChelsea Market and High Line Food Tour by Like A Local Tours188Food & Drinkfrom $88 per adultHell's Kitchen Food Tour153Food & Drinkfrom $119 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*New York City Sunset Cruise on Yacht Manhattan 88Food & Drinkfrom $94 per adultNYC: The Story Of Lower East Side's Food Culture622Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adultNYC Food Tour: Chinatown and Little Italy170Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adultNew York Walking Food Tour With Secret Food Tours698Food & Drinkfrom $85 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Ahoy NY Food Tour's Chinatown & Little Italy Food Fest EST 20091,243Food & Drinkfrom $125 per adultGreenwich Village Walking and Food Tasting Tour967Food & Drinkfrom $95 per adultLIKELY TO SELL OUT*NYC - Wine Country Tour w/ Wine & Food Tasting (Long Island)16Food & Drinkfrom $159 per adultBateaux New York Premier Dinner Cruise225Food & Drinkfrom $175 per adultNYC Chinatown and Little Italy Food Tour With Secret Food Tours266Food & Drinkfrom $85 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*Around Manhattan Brunch Cruise43Food & Drinkfrom $142 per adult (price varies by group size)LIKELY TO SELL OUT*NYC Greenwich Village Italian Food Tour493Food & Drinkfrom $89 per adultItalian Dinner with Tiramisu Finale in NYC38Food & Drinkfrom $129 per adultSPECIAL OFFERNolita & Secrets of Little Italy Food Tour by Foods of NY Tours37Food & Drinkfrom $84 $76 per adultSPECIAL OFFERFoods of NY Tours Chelsea Market Food Tour & High Line Park34Food & Drinkfrom $79 $72 per adult2023Half-Day Hell's Kitchen Food Tour and Central Park Stroll161Food & Drinkfrom $145 per adultBateaux New York Premier Brunch Cruise18Food & Drinkfrom $106 per adultSPECIAL OFFERFlavors of NYC Chinatown Food and History Walking Tour with FNYT55Food & Drinkfrom $84 $76 per adultUpper West Side Food Tour with Tasty Tours NYC31Food & Drinkfrom $79 per adult*Likely to sell out: Based on Viator’s booking data and information from the provider from the past 30 days, it seems likely this experience will sell out through Viator, a Tripadvisor company. What travelers are sayingTalalQatar5 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesMake memoriesPick a day with good weather, grab your coffee, and goYou will feel every single moment happy and relaxed.You have to choose a good pair of walking shoes. Take photos and make memories with your friends or your family.Read moreReview of: Central ParkWritten March 1, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.Boyd JMaleny, Australia1,688 contributions45.0 of 5 bubblesMemorableWe spent nearly three hours there and by the end it became a little bit overwhelming. It is extremely well done, meticulously recording, and reporting the sequence of events on that terrible morning. Photos, videos, phone messages and recordings and many artifacts from large parts of the destroyed buildings to vehicles and many smaller personal items. It’s haunting and at times confronting. A memorable exhibit.Read moreReview of: The National 9/11 Memorial & MuseumWritten February 8, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.CaseyCheshNashua, NH72 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesGreat museum in NYCFantastic Egyptian art and antiquities. All of the famous classic artists have work on display here. A great spot for a couple or a family. Can spend a full day here and not see everything. The cafes get pricey.Read moreReview of: The Metropolitan Museum of ArtWritten March 2, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.wimpyym533 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesStatue visitWe climbed to the crown. Friendly park guides. Clean park. Museum awesome. I wish the movies were longer. I enjoyed the information. We took a hard hat tour. That was the best of all. To see the other buildings and hear the history of the hospital was very interesting. I hope to one day see more buildings as it would be a shame not to save these grand buildings.Read moreReview of: Empire State BuildingWritten March 6, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.lamar C3 contributions05.0 of 5 bubbles"High Line HavenThe High Line is a breath of fresh air in the city, combining nature and art for a quick and delightful escape. Highly recommended for a peaceful urban stroll.Read moreReview of: The High LineWritten March 6, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.loist51Richmond, VA825 contributions04.0 of 5 bubblesSo-so. Nothing SpecialThe food was mediocre. I was hungry and needed to eat before Theatre. Live and learn…of course, box offices are going to tell you the food is good so you will buy a ticket to their show!Read moreReview of: BroadwayWritten March 6, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.BogotarocksLondon702 contributions04.0 of 5 bubblesGreat NYC viewsGreat views of the city - I actually prefer the views from TOTR than the empire state - although both should be done. It's a busy attraction - but very well organised.Make sure you book a specific time in advance.Read moreReview of: Top of the RockWritten February 3, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.Tom T4 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesAmazing bridgeMy favorite bridge in New York city and I like to walk on it. The bridge has view of Manhattan and downtown Brooklyn. Historical bridge with incredible views.Read moreReview of: Brooklyn BridgeWritten March 2, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.EZTravelbyAshley39 contributions04.0 of 5 bubblesThe Statue of Liberty; Top of the CrownWe paid the fee to go up into the crown. This was a memorable visit for our family. It is not for people who are claustrophobic or may even remotely be! When you purchase your ticket, read the fine print. It advises against people visiting who have certain medical conditions. The staircase is very narrow, and there is not much airflow in the crown. This is not a “heated and cooled” type of place. It was rainy with some spotty thunderstorms the day we went, so we were not able to go out around the base/first level (not the ground level) due to it being closed because of the weather. We didn’t have any problems with the ferry ride there and back. Read the list of “do’s and don’t’s” before going, as it tells you what item/bag limitations/restrictions there are. You will pass through multiple security screens, so be prepared. I think our family will remember this trip for years to come!Read moreReview of: Statue of LibertyWritten March 4, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.lamar C3 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesWhere Timeless Elegance Meets Modern LifeGrand Central Terminal is like stepping into a piece of living history. The architecture is a breathtaking blend of the classic and the contemporary, with that famous celestial ceiling that just draws you in. The hustle and bustle of commuters mixes with a sense of timeless charm. It's not just a transit hub; it's an experience that effortlessly marries the old and the new. A genuine must-see, whether you're a local or just passing through.Read moreReview of: Grand Central TerminalWritten March 6, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.Diane and AnthonyBarry, UK6 contributions15.0 of 5 bubblesAmazingThe views were amazing. Took so many photographs. Neck aches from constantly looking up. Beautiful by night and great landscape views from the Brooklyn BridgeRead moreReview of: Manhattan SkylineWritten January 11, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.Jason B4 contributions05.0 of 5 bubblesNYC's Bright and Buzzing HubTimes Square is a vibrant and iconic destination, pulsating with energy day and night. The dazzling billboards, diverse street performers, and countless shops create an electrifying atmosphere. It's a must-visit for anyone seeking the essence of New York City's bustling charm.Read moreReview of: Times SquareWritten March 3, 2024This review is the subjective opinion of a Tripadvisor member and not of Tripadvisor LLC. Tripadvisor performs checks on reviews.Frequently Asked Questions about New York CityWhat are the top attractions to visit in New York City?The top attractions to visit in New York City are:

The National 9/11 Memorial & Museum

The Metropolitan Museum of Art

Central Park

Empire State Building

Top of the Rock

See all attractions in New York City on TripadvisorWhat are the best outdoor activities in New York City?The best outdoor activities in New York City according to Tripadvisor travelers are:

Central Park

The High Line

Bryant Park

Bindi Tours

Central Park Summerstage

See all outdoor activities in New York City on TripadvisorWhat are the best day trips from New York City?The best day trips from New York City according to Tripadvisor travelers are:

Boroughs of NYC: Harlem, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn & Coney Island

Washington DC Day Tour from New York City

NYC Bus Tour of Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens: Contrasts, Color and Character

Woodbury Common Premium Outlets Shopping Tour from Manhattan

Washington DC Day Trip from New York City

See all day trips from New York City on TripadvisorWhat are the most popular things to do in New York City with kids?The most popular things to do in New York City with kids according to Tripadvisor travelers are:

Manhattan Skyline

Central Park

Brooklyn Bridge

Broadway

St. Patrick's Cathedral

See all kid friendly things to do in New York City on Tripadvisor$ USDUnited States© 2024 Tripadvisor LLC All rights reserved.Terms of UsePrivacy and Cookies StatementCookie consentSite MapHow the site worksContact usThis is the version of our website addressed to speakers of English in the United States. If you are a resident of another country or region, please select the appropriate version of Tripadvisor for your country or region in the drop-down menu. m

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