比特派钱包手机版app下载|tachi

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2024-03-07 21:21:39

怎么区分日本刀里的“打刀”和“太刀”? - 知乎

怎么区分日本刀里的“打刀”和“太刀”? - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答​切换模式登录/注册日本日本文化剑道冷兵器日本刀怎么区分日本刀里的“打刀”和“太刀”?前阵子买了一把日本刀,想了解下怎么摆放,查了一些资料发现“打刀”和“太刀”的摆放不一样,于是想知道买的这把日本刀属于“打刀”还是“太刀”。可是网上的资…显示全部 ​关注者558被浏览792,340关注问题​写回答​邀请回答​好问题 19​7 条评论​分享​30 个回答默认排序李文昕​ 关注先答题主,你的刀是打刀。一般来说,太刀和打刀有下面这些区别:(补充了太刀、打刀、脇差、短刀四类常见的日本刀的区别,参见答案最后)1. 使用时代不同太刀主要使用于平安時代(12世紀)后期到室町時代初期。打刀则晚于太刀,使用时代大约是从室町時代中期(15世紀后半)到江戸時代末期(19世紀中叶)。所以也可以说,打刀是太刀的继任者。2.使用情形不同平安时代主要的战争形式是马战,所以太刀主要是马战时,骑在马上使用。室町时代到江户时代,主要的战争和战斗方式是地面战斗,所以打刀主要是人站立于地上时使用。3. 佩戴方式不同太刀是配挂在腰上的。配挂时,刀刃向下。打刀则是直接插在腰间。插在腰间时,刀刃向上。日本人如今展示太刀和打刀时,也承袭了这个传统,不管是博物馆还是刀剑专门店,展示时太刀时,刀刃向下;展示打刀时,刀刃向上。如图,左边是打刀,右边是太刀。至于为什么一个向上,一个向下,暂无定论,能查到的资料有如下两个说法:其一,太刀刀刃向下是为了不伤到马,因为如果刀刃向上,刀尖便是向下,容易戳伤马。其二,平安时代的战争,武士一般穿甲胄,因为胳膊上也有甲胄,很重,如果刀刃向上,拔刀时,本来就很重的胳膊就要抬很高,太费劲。所以刀刃向下更合适,因为抽刀时胳膊轻松一点。而室町时代以后,武士主要穿和服,活动起来比穿甲胄灵活轻松很多,所以刀刃向上、拔刀时胳膊抬得高一点也可以。而且刀刃向上的话,出刀砍人的速度会更快,对抗时更占优势。(理由见第6点)4. 外形不同(1)长度不同因为是骑马时使用,太刀可以更长一些,长度通常是:2尺3寸~6寸(70~80cm)。考虑到使用方便,通常来说,打刀相对太刀稍短,但一般长度也在2尺以上。这里说的是当时被武士普遍使用的太刀和打刀的情况,不包括动辄就长达三五尺的野太刀等非常见类型。(2)弧度不同太刀的弧度通常更大,也就是更弯一些。打刀与太刀相比,一般来说,往往更平直一些。当然也并不绝对。(3)刀装不同如上文所说,因为佩戴方式不同,所以刀装也不一样。刀装的区别很多,如汗青老师所说,比较明显的区别如下:太刀因为是佩挂在腰上的,所以刀装的最明显特征是刀鞘上方有用来配挂的两个吊环一样的部件。如图:打刀则因为是直接插在腰间的,所以没有太刀那样的吊环的部件,但刀鞘侧面会有一个“栗形”,据说得名于外形很像栗子。如图:5. 拔刀手法不同太刀因为是马战时使用,可以单手从下往上拔出,另一只手则抓马缰。打刀的拔刀手法则自由很多,可以先用直接从下往上拔,也可以用左手(左撇子就是右手)下压刀身,把刀身从斜插状态压成水平状态,再拔出来。如图:6. 从拔刀到挥刀的速度不同太刀因为配挂时刀刃向下,拔出以后刀刃自然也朝下,需要举高以后再落下,这样才方便砍人。所以一般从拔刀到挥刀砍人,需要两个动作。打刀则因为刀刃向上,拔出以后可以直接在空中划一个弧线,用一个动作就一气呵成地直接挥刀砍向对方。因此可以说,打刀速度上比太刀略有优势,使用起来更迅速敏捷一些。如图:左边是打刀,抽出之后,一个动作就直接可以砍向对方。右边是太刀,抽出之后,需要两个动作才能砍人。所以,如果双方在地面对抗的话,可能使用太刀的人还没来得及把太刀挥下来,对方的打刀已经劈过来了。。。= =+7. 插刀方式不同太刀插刀时,刀鞘的口微微向下压,刀鞘整体比较水平的状态下,把刀插入刀鞘内。打刀插刀时,刀鞘口依旧向上,刀鞘整体保持原本的倾斜状态,从上往下插入刀鞘内。两种插刀动作的区别可以看视频(抱歉只有youtube版本,需翻墙,差不多从视频的中间开始是两种插刀动作的演示):https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHCCcOGd8Uc以上,如何区分太刀和打刀?如果有刀装,就看刀装部分所配的是吊环还是栗形。如果有动作可以看,也能通过使用者拔刀、挥刀和插刀的动作来辨别。如果没有刀装,只有刀条怎么办?首先通过长度排除是否是更短的脇差或短刀。如果在日本的博物馆或者刀剑专门店里看到展示的刀条,那可以直接看刀条的刀刃是向上还是向下。通常刀刃向上就是打刀,刀刃向下就是太刀。日本人比较认真谨慎,一般不会放反。如果觉得这种方法不严谨,可以看刀茎上刻有制刀匠人名号那一侧的刀铭。通常来说,刀刃向下,刀茎(就是用来装刀柄的地方)在左时,刀铭也在左边,那就是太刀。而刀刃向上,刀茎在左时,如果刀铭在左边,则是打刀。比如这张图里的刀,就是打刀:什么?你问没有刀铭怎么办?还是那句话,如果是在日本的博物馆或者刀剑专门店里看到的,基本可以通过展示时刀刃的方向判断,相信日本人陈设刀剑时的严谨精神吧。。。要是在别的地方下看见一根光秃秃、没有刀装,随便摆着、连刀铭都没有的刀条怎么办,那就只有。。。凉拌了。。。(笑)PS:(1)这里只是通常情况下太刀和打刀的一些区别,也有一些特例存在,比如结合了两者特点的“半太刀”,这种刀是从太刀到打刀的过渡期间出现的一种刀。半太刀的刀装上也有打刀的栗形,但佩戴时又像太刀一样,刀刃向下。还有一些刀原本是太刀,后来被磨短刀茎,改成打刀使用。织田信长和丰臣秀吉都干过这种改装的事。织田信长的爱刀「へし切り長谷部」就是一把用太刀改成的打刀。 (2)日语里的刀(katana)通常指的就是打刀。在日本,“打刀”这个称谓往往见得少,叫“刀”的,一般就是打刀(uchigatana)。太刀则就是“太刀”(tachi)这个叫法。(3)太刀和打刀之外,日本刀还有另外两种常见类型(即脇差、短刀):脇差:也叫脇指。一般和打刀一样,刀刃向上。长度在1尺到2尺之间,比打刀短。通常和打刀一起插在腰间,可以单独使用,也可以和打刀配合使用,即传说中的二刀流。(也有人把小太刀归在脇差中,所以只能说一般刀刃向上)短刀:也叫腰刀。和打刀、脇差一样,刀刃向上。长度在1尺以下,比脇差更短。日本美术刀剑保存协会(日本刀剑收藏和研究的专门机构)只把我们通常所说的日本刀分为太刀、打刀、脇差、短刀四大类。野太刀、小太刀、小脇差等,属于这四大类之下更细的分类,这里不多赘言。综上,如何区分太刀、打刀、脇差、短刀这几种刀?最简单直(cu)接(bao)的方法是先看长度,由长到短依次是: 太刀 ≥ 打刀 > 脇差 > 短刀。然后再根据上文所写的外装、刀刃方向等方法,区分是太刀还是打刀。四种刀刀条部分的长度、弧度、刀刃方向等区别,大致如下图:以上,图片均来自google。参考资料:日本刀剑博物馆( 日本美术刀剑保存协会)http://www.touken.or.jp/index.html编辑于 2016-10-06 13:29​赞同 983​​76 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢收起​汗青​ 关注国产的刀吧。打刀和太刀的区别,其实不很严格的话,就很容易区分,就是看佩带方式和鞘的形制。太刀的外装上通常有两个吊环,这样在佩带的时候是将刀挂在腰带上,刀刃是朝向地面的。打刀没有这玩意,外装上只有栗形,就是刀鞘上凸起的那个东西。佩带时候是将刀鞘插进腰带里,刀刃向天。所以你这是典型的打刀。其他差异说起来就太复杂了,平时不需要这么专业的,譬如铭切刀姿之类,就不说了。-------------------------------DUANG!刚回答完就看见楼下的了,觉得必须纠正一下。这种不靠谱的东西,太害人了。不是说答主哈,答主热于助人是好的。但百度百科实在不是可以相信的东西。楼下转来的百度的回答里,混进了很多奇怪的东西,太多的不靠谱了,譬如:打刀与太刀的形式基本相同,两者的区别之一在于打刀的刀鞘口两侧分别插放有小柄和笄不是所有打刀都有小柄和笄的。还有这个:于是,为了适合于这种插于腰间的佩带方式,打刀的刀身被设计成弯曲的形状,这种弯曲的设计称为“京反”。我已经吐槽不能了。日本刀的反居然是为适合插于腰间的佩带方式而来的?“京反”是这个意思吗?纯粹的不懂装懂误人子弟。太刀一般而言指的是刃长超过两尺(60cm~90cm)、刀刃长度通常在在80公分以上有人能看懂这话吗?反正我看不懂。另外,无论是打刀还是太刀,长度要求就只有一个标准,那就是刃长两尺以上,不够就是差,够的就是刀。不多说了哈,已经吐槽不能。所以我一直都说,在任何需要严谨的场合,绝对不要使用百度百科。编辑于 2015-03-14 12:48​赞同 164​​20 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢

GitHub - taichi-dev/taichi: Productive & portable high-performance programming in Python.

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pip install taichi # Install Taichi Lang

ti gallery # Launch demo gallery

What is Taichi Lang?

Taichi Lang is an open-source, imperative, parallel programming language for high-performance numerical computation. It is embedded in Python and uses just-in-time (JIT) compiler frameworks, for example LLVM, to offload the compute-intensive Python code to the native GPU or CPU instructions.

The language has broad applications spanning real-time physical simulation, numerical computation, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, vision and robotics, visual effects in films and games, general-purpose computing, and much more.

...More

Why Taichi Lang?

Built around Python: Taichi Lang shares almost the same syntax with Python, allowing you to write algorithms with minimal language barrier. It is also well integrated into the Python ecosystem, including NumPy and PyTorch.

Flexibility: Taichi Lang provides a set of generic data containers known as SNode (/ˈsnoʊd/), an effective mechanism for composing hierarchical, multi-dimensional fields. This can cover many use patterns in numerical simulation (e.g. spatially sparse computing).

Performance: With the @ti.kernel decorator, Taichi Lang's JIT compiler automatically compiles your Python functions into efficient GPU or CPU machine code for parallel execution.

Portability: Write your code once and run it everywhere. Currently, Taichi Lang supports most mainstream GPU APIs, such as CUDA and Vulkan.

... and many more features! A cross-platform, Vulkan-based 3D visualizer, differentiable programming, quantized computation (experimental), etc.

Getting Started

Installation

Prerequisites

Operating systems

Windows

Linux

macOS

Python: 3.6 ~ 3.10 (64-bit only)

Compute backends

x64/ARM CPUs

CUDA

Vulkan

OpenGL (4.3+)

Apple Metal

WebAssembly (experiemental)

Use Python's package installer pip to install Taichi Lang:

pip install --upgrade taichi

We also provide a nightly package. Note that nightly packages may crash because they are not fully tested. We cannot guarantee their validity, and you are at your own risk trying out our latest, untested features. The nightly packages can be installed from our self-hosted PyPI (Using self-hosted PyPI allows us to provide more frequent releases over a longer period of time)

pip install -i https://pypi.taichi.graphics/simple/ taichi-nightly

Run your "Hello, world!"

Here is how you can program a 2D fractal in Taichi:

# python/taichi/examples/simulation/fractal.py

import taichi as ti

ti.init(arch=ti.gpu)

n = 320

pixels = ti.field(dtype=float, shape=(n * 2, n))

@ti.func

def complex_sqr(z):

return ti.Vector([z[0]**2 - z[1]**2, z[1] * z[0] * 2])

@ti.kernel

def paint(t: float):

for i, j in pixels: # Parallelized over all pixels

c = ti.Vector([-0.8, ti.cos(t) * 0.2])

z = ti.Vector([i / n - 1, j / n - 0.5]) * 2

iterations = 0

while z.norm() < 20 and iterations < 50:

z = complex_sqr(z) + c

iterations += 1

pixels[i, j] = 1 - iterations * 0.02

gui = ti.GUI("Julia Set", res=(n * 2, n))

for i in range(1000000):

paint(i * 0.03)

gui.set_image(pixels)

gui.show()

If Taichi Lang is properly installed, you should get the animation below :

See Get started for more information.

Build from source

If you wish to try our our experimental features or build Taichi Lang for your own environments, see Developer installation.

Documentation

Technical documents

API Reference

Blog

Community activity

Contributing

Kudos to all of our amazing contributors! Taichi Lang thrives through open-source. In that spirit, we welcome all kinds of contributions from the community. If you would like to participate, check out the Contribution Guidelines first.

Contributor avatars are randomly shuffled.

License

Taichi Lang is distributed under the terms of Apache License (Version 2.0).

See Apache License for details.

Community

For more information about the events or community, please refer to this page

Join our discussions

Discord

GitHub Discussions

太极编程语言中文论坛

Report an issue

If you spot an technical or documentation issue, file an issue at GitHub Issues

If you spot any security issue, mail directly to security@taichi.graphics.

Contact us

Discord

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Reference

Demos

Nerf with Taichi

Taichi Lang examples

Advanced Taichi Lang examples

Awesome Taichi

DiffTaichi

Taichi elements

Taichi Houdini

More...

AOT deployment

Taichi AOT demos & tutorial

Lectures & talks

SIGGRAPH 2020 course on Taichi basics: YouTube, Bilibili, slides (pdf).

Chinagraph 2020 用太极编写物理引擎: 哔哩哔哩

GAMES 201 高级物理引擎实战指南 2020: 课件

太极图形课第一季:课件

TaichiCon: Taichi Developer Conferences

More to come...

Citations

If you use Taichi Lang in your research, please cite the corresponding papers:

(SIGGRAPH Asia 2019) Taichi: High-Performance Computation on Sparse Data Structures [Video] [BibTex] [Code]

(ICLR 2020) DiffTaichi: Differentiable Programming for Physical Simulation [Video] [BibTex] [Code]

(SIGGRAPH 2021) QuanTaichi: A Compiler for Quantized Simulations [Video] [BibTex] [Code]

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Taichi编程语言初探:太极之趣——自由绘制的2D冰雪仿真世界 - 知乎

Taichi编程语言初探:太极之趣——自由绘制的2D冰雪仿真世界 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册Taichi编程语言初探:太极之趣——自由绘制的2D冰雪仿真世界Richard LiUSTC图形学研究生,喜欢探索好玩的仿真,敬请期待:)副标题:Qtaichi: 一个基于Taichi MLS-MPM方法与Qt GUI前端的自由绘图仿真系(玩)统(具)本文使用Zhihu On VSCode插件发布。因为一些排版与数学公式的显示问题,在知乎上进行了修补。本文来自我的2020计算机图形学课程作业报告。原文中为了综合对比有一些表格,但是知乎上无法显示表格,只好单独放出图片。对此可能带来的不便非常抱歉。附课程主页:因对仿真领域不甚了解,才疏学浅,有任何问题还请大家指出。先放一些结果。从绘图,到直接从绘图生成粒子,到碰撞仿真。(白色材质为雪,橙色为橡胶,蓝色为流体)目录物质点法(MPM)原理Hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian Material Point MethodMoving Least Squares Material Point Method (MLS-MPM)Taichi编程语言实现:Qtaichi :一个基于Taichi后端与Qt GUI前端的自由绘图仿真系统(玩具)整体设计思路使用方法与界面介绍关键问题与解决方法测试结果各项参数对雪仿真效果的影响实验射击子弹与雪人的碰撞下落水锥与弹簧床的碰撞下落弹性锥与水床的碰撞四个雪球相撞于一处弹性面、弹性球、雪球、水幕综合碰撞5. 参考文献一. 物质点法(MPM)原理1. Hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian Material Point MethodLagrangian视角与Eulerian视角力学中,Lagrangian视角与Eulerian视角是两种不同角度的力学处理方法。Lagranian视角聚焦于粒子,速度V与加速度A是粒子位置X和时间t的函数。一般选定粒子,通过对这些粒子空间位置的测量与计算得到速度与加速度。而Eulerian视角放眼于大量粒子形成的场,一般选定空间位置,测量通过这一位置的粒子的速度与加速度,如流量场。因此在流体仿真中Eulerian视角广泛使用,而在固体或者连续体仿真中使用Lagrangian视角更为自然。基本公式物体的变形可以被描述为从未变形状态X到变形状态x的映射:x = \phi(X)定义变形梯度(deformation gradient) F = \frac{\partial \phi}{\partial X},F可以被分解为弹性形变与塑形形变两部分:F=F_EF_P。\phi(x)的变化遵循质量守恒、动量守恒(导出流体力学领域著名的Navier-Stoke方程)与弹性-塑性本构方程\frac{D\rho}{Dt} = 0\rho \frac{Dv}{Dt} = \nabla \sigma + \rho g\sigma = \frac{1}{J}\frac{ \partial \Psi } { \partial F_E } F_E^T其中:\rho是材料密度,\sigma是材料的柯西应力,\Psi是弹性-塑形势能密度,J = det(F).MPM的步骤MPM的步骤如下所示。其被称为Hybrid Eulerian/Lagrangian Material Point Method的原因是在过程中需要通过样条插值进行粒子质量/动量到空间网格质量/动量的转换(即从Lagrangian视角转换到Eulerian视角),最后在网格上进行相应求解后,再将网格质量/动量转换到空间网格质量/动量(从Eulerian视角转换回Lagrangian视角)。图来自原论文:A material point method for snow simulation2. Moving Least Squares Material Point Method (MLS-MPM)​MLS-MPM方法是SIGGRAPH2018 胡渊鸣等奆佬针对MPM计算速度慢、边界计算难以得到质量保证等缺点提出的一种新的物质点模拟方法。(这篇论文因为包含的数学物理知识太多,很努力看了但是没怎么看懂。。。)论文摘要如下:论文链接 A Moving Least Squares Material Point Method with Displacement Discontinuity and Two-Way Rigid Body Coupling二. Taichi 语言介绍Taichi 编程语言是一种为计算机图形学而设计的高性能编程语言。因为了解不够深入,为了严谨考虑不作过多介绍,更多请见作者自己写的文章: 三. 实现:Qtaichi —— 一个基于Taichi后端与Qt GUI前端的自由绘图仿真系统在本次作业中,我实现了Qtaichi,一个基于Taichi后端与Qt GUI前端的自由绘图仿真系统。整体设计思路使用方法与界面介绍整体界面:粒子类型Icon主要的画图工具Icon仿真icon雪的类型icon关键问题与解决方法交互性的设计自由绘图加入物体在使用taichi的2D demo时(就是99行实现冰雪奇缘里的那个99行demo),发现加入物体很麻烦,而且物体的形状难以编程控制,因此想到可以使用Qt进行绘制。在自由曲线绘图状态下,用户可以自由绘制一切可能的2D图形:字母、雪人、子弹、城堡、斜坡、尖锥、平台等,增强了仿真的自由度与趣味性。下面分别是字母、雪人、斜坡、城堡可暂停、可回放用户能够暂停当前仿真,方便进行截图。并能够进行回复,方便进行实验结果的再现。可随时向仿真中加入新的带有初速度的物体用户在仿真进行的同时绘制新的物体,并使用速度矢量线设置其初速度。粒子的填充用户在自由绘制图像后,使用扫描线算法填充材料粒子。(扫描线算法是用于图形填充的经典算法,这个之后有空的时候可以来补一个算法介绍)实现中的其他问题如何让Taichi后端与Qt前端进行交互?这就是简单的oop问题了。本次实验Qt部分使用了Minidraw类和Minidraw_controller两个类,前者负责界面,后者负责绘制。将界面显示与图形绘制分离开。将taichi相关代码封装成一个类Taichi_simulation(实际中发现将taichi.h包含在.h文件中会报LINK错误,于是将Taichi_simulation类定义在minidraw_controller.cpp中)Taichi后端与Qt前端的交互主要是Taichi_simulation类与Minidraw_controller类的交互。四. 测试结果各项参数对雪仿真效果的影响实验下图是SIGGRAPH2013 MPM论文中各项参数对雪仿真效果的影响实验结果。各项参数的含义:E_0杨氏模量\theta_c压缩阈值\theta_s拉伸阈值\xi硬度系数论文中的结论:在我的实验中,发现杨氏模量按照SIGGRAPH2013 MPM论文中设置为10^{5}次方量级会导致报错,原因应该是MLS-MPM与MPM的实现有差异导致的,因此将E_0按照MLS-MPM中10^4量级来设置。下表中的黑色三角形为一个硬度较大的弹性三角尖锥,雪块从上方自由落体,砸到尖锥上方然后裂开。(知乎对我截的图进行了压缩) 从上表结果中可以观察到:调低杨氏模量,会让雪变成粉末状的干雪,更容易碎成粉末,这与内部应力减少有关。调低硬度系数会让雪块变得更松软,碎裂程度更小(碎裂之后形成3小块)。调低\theta_c,\theta_s会影响雪的碎裂效果。其他射击子弹与雪人的碰撞射击子弹与雪人的碰撞https://www.zhihu.com/video/1242564279448219648下落水锥与弹簧床下落水锥与弹簧床https://www.zhihu.com/video/1242564347089780736下落弹性锥与水床的碰撞下落弹性锥与水床的碰撞https://www.zhihu.com/video/1242564665902444544四个雪球相撞于一处四个雪球相撞于一处https://www.zhihu.com/video/1242564914616725504弹性面、弹性球、雪球、水幕综合碰撞弹性面、弹性球、雪球、水幕综合https://www.zhihu.com/video/1242564998851239936五. 参考文献SIGGRAPH2013 MPM 论文SIGGRAPH2018 MLS-MPM论文99行的冰雪奇缘 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/97700605六. 写在最后感谢你能看到这里。你看完可能要说:这不就是taichi的“内核”外面包了一层Qt的UI吗?我:emmm确实如此。。。不过当时我做的时候网络上貌似还没有看到类似的东西,也算是一点微小的工作吧(个人纯粹出于玩耍目的233)。总之Taichi编程语言还比较新,未来还有很多的可能性,很看好它的发展。taichi的github网站上也有很多非常好的demo,很推荐去看一下。最后感谢课程助教 @Ubp.a 和课程老师的指导与帮助,并感谢课程同学的支持与帮助。5/11/2020 更新:开源了代码,地址:欢迎大家来玩/star/提issue~目前使用的是C++加C++ Qt,代码功力尚不够深厚,欢迎大家提建议与意见,非常感谢!争取暑假用python重写Qtaichi并发布为python package。5/15/2020 更新:为Qtaichi生成了一个win x64环境下的安装包,一键安装依赖与exe。这样就可以免去cpp的cmake和编译之苦了!编辑于 2022-04-19 15:28计算机仿真Taichi(编程语言)计算机图形学​赞同 372​​30 条评论​分享​喜欢​收藏​申请

使用 Taichi 加速 Python | Taichi Docs

使用 Taichi 加速 Python | Taichi Docs

跳转至主要内容StarDoc HomeAPI资源博客NewslettersUser StoriesTaichi Graphics Course社区Global Forum中文论坛DiscordWechatv1.6.0developv1.6.0v1.5.0简体中文English简体中文Français (France)搜索为什么要 Taichi快速上手Hello, World!使用 Taichi 加速 Python用 Taichi 进行物理模拟用 Taichi 加速 PyTorchKernel 与函数数据类型数据容器可微编程高级编程可视化性能调优程序调试应用部署Taichi Runtime C-API数学函数库贡献指南参考资料内部设计常见问题GlossaryDoc Home>>快速上手>>使用 Taichi 加速 PythonVersion: v1.6.0在本页面使用 Taichi 加速 PythonTaichi 是一个嵌入在 Python 中的领域特定语言(DSL)。 Taichi 的主要功能之一是加速计算密集的 Python 程序,帮助这些程序 实现可以媲美 C/C++ 甚至 CUDA 的性能。 这使得 Taichi 在科学计算领域处于更有利的地位。在下面的章节中,我们提供两个示例让你体验 Taichi 给 Python 程序带来的加速。统计质数个数Python 的大型 for 循环或嵌套 for 循环总是导致运行时性能不佳。 下面的 demo 计算在指定范围内的质数,并用到了嵌套 for 循环(完整版本见 此处)。 只需导入 Taichi 或切换到 Taichi 的 GPU 后端,就能看到整体性能的大幅提升:"""Count the prime numbers in the range [1, n]"""# Checks if a positive integer is a prime numberdef is_prime(n: int): result = True # Traverses the range between 2 and sqrt(n) # - Returns False if n can be divided by one of them; # - otherwise, returns True for k in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1): if n % k == 0: result = False break return result# Traverses the range between 2 and n# Counts the primes according to the return of is_prime()def count_primes(n: int) -> int: count = 0 for k in range(2, n): if is_prime(k): count += 1 return countprint(count_primes(1000000))复制将代码保存为 count_prime.py 并在终端中运行以下命令:time python count_primes.py复制 屏幕上将显示质数的个数和程序执行时间。 运行该程序需要 2.235 秒。78498real 0m2.235suser 0m2.235ssys 0m0.000s复制现在,我们对代码稍作修改:导入 Taichi 到你的 Python 代码并在 CPU 后端初始化:import taichi as titi.init(arch=ti.cpu)复制用 @ti.func 装饰 is_prime(),并用 @ti.kernel 装饰 count_primes():Taichi 的编译器将 @ti.kernel 装饰的 Python 代码编译到不同的设备上,例如 CPU 和 GPU,以实现高性能计算。请参阅 kernel 与函数 以详细了解 Taichi 的核心概念:kernel 与 Taichi 函数。@ti.funcdef is_prime(n: int): result = True for k in range(2, int(n ** 0.5) + 1): if n % k == 0: result = False break return result@ti.kerneldef count_primes(n: int) -> int: count = 0 for k in range(2, n): if is_prime(k): count += 1 return count复制再次运行 count_primes.py:time python count_primes.py复制 计算速度是原先的 6 倍(2.235/0.363)。78498real 0m0.363suser 0m0.546ssys 0m0.179s复制将 N 乘十到 10,000,000 并再次运行 count_primes.py:Taichi 的计算时间是 0.8 秒,而单独使用 Python 的计算时间是 55 秒。 Taichi 的计算速度是 Python 的 70 倍。将 Taichi 的后端从 CPU 更改为 GPU 并重新运行:ti.init(arch=ti.gpu)复制 Taichi 的计算时间是 0.45 秒,而单独使用 Python 的计算时间是 55 秒。 Taichi 进一步提速 120 倍。动态规划:最长公共子序列动态规划背后的核心理念是牺牲一些存储空间以减少执行时间,并储存中间结果以避免重复计算。 在下面一节中,我们将完整演示动态规划的实现,这是 Taichi 能够显著“加速”的另一个领域。下面的例子运用动态规划的理念,求出两个给定序列的最长共同公共子序列(LCS)的长度。 何为 LCS?如现有两序列:a = [0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1],b = [4, 0, 1, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2],则两序列的 LCS 是 [0, 1, 4, 3, 1, 2],其长度为 6。 让我们正式开始:导入 NumPy 和 Taichi 到 Python 程序中:import taichi as tiimport numpy as np复制初始化 Taichi:ti.init(arch=ti.cpu)复制创建两个长度同为 15,000 的 NumPy 数组,其中元素为 [0, 100] 范围内的随机整数,并比较:N = 15000a_numpy = np.random.randint(0, 100, N, dtype=np.int32)b_numpy = np.random.randint(0, 100, N, dtype=np.int32)复制这里,我们定义一个 N×N 的 Taichi field f,用它的第 [i, j] 个元素代表序列 a 前 i 个元素和序列 b 前 j 个元素的 LCS 长度。f = ti.field(dtype=ti.i32, shape=(N + 1, N + 1))复制现在,我们将动态规划问题转变为了对 field f 的遍历问题,其中对序列 a 和 b 进行了比较:f[i, j] = ti.max(f[i - 1, j - 1] + (a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]), ti.max(f[i - 1, j], f[i, j - 1]))复制定义一个 kernel 函数 compute_lcs(),传入两序列,得到 LCS 的长度。@ti.kerneldef compute_lcs(a: ti.types.ndarray(), b: ti.types.ndarray()) -> ti.i32: len_a, len_b = a.shape[0], b.shape[0] ti.loop_config(serialize=True) # Disable auto-parallelism in Taichi for i in range(1, len_a + 1): for j in range(1, len_b + 1): f[i, j] = ti.max(f[i - 1, j - 1] + (a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]), ti.max(f[i - 1, j], f[i, j - 1])) return f[len_a, len_b]复制Taichi 将 NumPy 数组储存为 ndarray。确保设置 ti.loop_config(serialize=True) 以禁用 Taichi 的自动并行功能。 此处的迭代不应并行进行,因为每个循环的迭代计算都取决于前一个循环的迭代结果。打印 compute_lcs(a_numpy, b_numpy) 的结果。 现在可得如下程序:import taichi as tiimport numpy as npti.init(arch=ti.cpu)benchmark = TrueN = 15000f = ti.field(dtype=ti.i32, shape=(N + 1, N + 1))if benchmark: a_numpy = np.random.randint(0, 100, N, dtype=np.int32) b_numpy = np.random.randint(0, 100, N, dtype=np.int32)else: a_numpy = np.array([0, 1, 0, 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 1], dtype=np.int32) b_numpy = np.array([4, 0, 1, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2], dtype=np.int32)@ti.kerneldef compute_lcs(a: ti.types.ndarray(), b: ti.types.ndarray()) -> ti.i32: len_a, len_b = a.shape[0], b.shape[0] ti.loop_config(serialize=True) # Disable auto-parallelism in Taichi for i in range(1, len_a + 1): for j in range(1, len_b + 1): f[i, j] = ti.max(f[i - 1, j - 1] + (a[i - 1] == b[j - 1]), ti.max(f[i - 1, j], f[i, j - 1])) return f[len_a, len_b]print(compute_lcs(a_numpy, b_numpy))复制将以上代码保存为 lcs.py,并运行:time python lcs.py复制 系统打印出 LCS 的长度以及程序执行时间。2721real 0m1.409suser 0m1.112ssys 0m0.549s复制此仓库 提供了此动态规划算法分别在 Taichi 和 NumPy 中的实现。只使用 Python,需要 476 秒才能得到两个长度均为 15,000 的随机序列的 LCS 长度。使用 Taichi,只需要大约 0.9 秒,较 Python 快高达 500 倍!noteThe actual execution time may vary depending on your machine, but we believe that the performance improvements you will see is comparable to ours.编辑此页面本文有帮助吗?统计质数个数动态规划:最长公共子序列Copyright © 2023 Taichi Graphics Technology, Inc.资源博客NewslettersUser StoriesTaichi Graphics Course社区Global Forum中文论坛DiscordWechatLEGALCookie Policy Privacy Policy Subscription订阅Copyright © 2023 Taichi Graphics Technology, Inc.

Taichi(编程语言) - 知乎

Taichi(编程语言) - 知乎首页知乎知学堂发现等你来答​切换模式登录/注册Taichi(编程语言)https://github.com/taichi-dev/taichi查看全部内容关注话题​管理​分享​简介讨论精华视频等待回答​切换为时间排序Taichi 是一种什么样的编程语言?主要的应用领域有哪些?太极图形​已认证账号感谢题主非常具体的问题描述,看得出来对 Taichi 很感兴趣呀。所以,我们必须安排一篇尽可能详细的回答。 回答将分为以下 3 个部分: Taichi 是什么Taichi 提供了哪些功能大家都在用 Taichi 做什么 [图片] 01 Taichi 是什么?Taichi 是一种嵌入在 Python 中的并行编程语言。通过即时编译的方式将 Python 编译成高性能的并行机器代码来执行,并且可以让每个 Python 程序员都可以轻松玩转这些高性能的计算代码,尤其是在数值计算上。 Taich…阅读全文​​赞同 124​​9 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢如何用 Taichi 加速 GPU 粒子碰撞检测?(内含代码挑战大奖赛)太极图形​已认证账号熟悉 Taichi 的同学都知道 99 行代码的 MPM 可以被用来模拟类似雪花,软体,流体等大变形的物体,而现实生活中也有很多材料只产生微小的形变,比如岩石,玻璃、金属等。那么为了研究这些「硬」物质的运动过程,我们就需要一种擅长刚体仿真的方法来进行计算。 离散元方法(Discrete Element Method,简称 DEM)是一类将大量刚性物体视作不连续离散介质,并根据牛顿运动定律进行仿真的数值计算方法的总称。通过添加不同的物质材料…阅读全文​​赞同 19​​添加评论​分享​收藏Taichi 编程语言的优势与不足,具体表现在哪些方面?太极图形​已认证账号本篇回答,太极图形工程师 @HD Lan 将带大家评测 Taichi 与 CUDA,评估 Taichi 的性能和可优化空间。在 「v1.0.0」用 Taichi AOT 方案将特效部署到移动端 中,我们展示了 Taichi 脱离 Python 环境部署的方法,实现了将特效算法快速部署在安卓手机上,并加上了重力交互功能。受制于散热、成本等问题,在部署环境中的硬件其计算能力通常很弱,因此有一个问题变得非常重要:相比于更底层的原生编程语言,Taichi 能不能充分地发挥设备…阅读全文​​赞同 45​​2 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢Taichi 开发随心记 - Blender 集成幼儿园理化笙我想到了一个绝妙的介绍方法,可惜这里空白太小,写不下记录作为 Taichi 开发者,初次尝试在 Blender 中使用 Taichi 的那些坑。 炸显存因为直接使用 blender命令运行很容易出现炸显存的情况(GPU内存溢出导致桌面花屏…)解决方法:我可是高贵的双显卡!咳咳,所以我用 NVIDIA 提供的 optirun前缀运行blender即可在 NVIDIA 显卡上运行 Blender,从而避免和桌面冲突。sudo pacman -S bumblebee # 提供 optirun 命令 optirun blenderimport taichi 失败 在 Blender 的 Script Module 里…阅读全文​​赞同 66​​7 条评论​分享​收藏LBM 理论基础是如何推导出来的?Taichi 在数值计算方面有哪些优势?太极图形​已认证账号作者介绍tau 同学,研一学生在读,目前主要针对多孔介质内的多尺度复杂流动的流动机理采用格子 boltzmann 方法展开研究。 前言格子 Boltzmann 方法 (LBM) 自诞生以来就受到国内外众多学者关注,在大家的努力之下其在理论和应用研究等方面都取得了迅速的发展。 与传统模拟方法不同,LBM 基于分子动理论,有着清晰的物理背景,其在宏观上是离散方法,在微观上是连续方法,因而被称为介观模拟方法,在许多传统模拟方法难以胜任的领…阅读全文​​赞同 30​​12 条评论​分享​收藏Taichi 编程语言的优势与不足,具体表现在哪些方面?匿名用户update:我要接着喷 taichi 想把东西做得 implicit,但 implicit 背后是各种潜规则,不满足潜规则就会运行时报错,或不报错但结果错误,或运行速度缓慢。 范型还是纯纯 duck type 的做法,field 地址也是类型的一部分,人看傻了。 看了一下,也没找到多边形优化来增加并行度。还不如老老实实 dispatch kernel。 @太极图形 官号说了,Taichi 很快。我说,Taichi 不好用。 太不好用了。 kernel参数的类型提示和实际的数据类型没对…阅读全文​​赞同 22​​10 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢编程新人如何快速上手 Taichi?太极图形​已认证账号官方亲自答又来啦,这次带来的是——Taichi 入门秘籍第一章。 最近 Taichi 社区正在举办 首届体素创意大赛 ,(体素,简单来说就是立体像素,用一个个小立方体可以轻易地组成三维模型,搭建出不同的形象),目前已收到很多充满创意的作品,很难想象这些作品都是在 99 行代码内完成的!为了让更多伙伴开启体素创意之旅,编辑部特意呈上这份「实用贴士」,帮助你快速入门 Taichi。 [图片] 1. 安装 Taichi首先确保你的 pip 已经是最新版本,…阅读全文​​赞同 36​​添加评论​分享​收藏​喜欢GPU 上的高性能动态数组 —— Dynamic SNode太极图形​已认证账号前言列表 (List) 是 Python 中非常重要的动态数据结构,它的大小可以在运行时根据需要动态变化,并支持 append, insert, pop, remove 等增删操作,可以很方便地用来实现栈或者队列。在 GPU 编程中,有这样的数据结构可用无疑是非常方便的,然而在 GPU 上高效地实现一个可以动态伸缩的列表的难度也是很大的。在 Taichi 最新发布的 v1.4.0 中,我们正式发布了一个部分支持列表操作的动态数据结构 Dynamic SNode。Dynamic SNode 可…阅读全文​​赞同 33​​1 条评论​分享​收藏Taichi 编程语言的优势与不足,具体表现在哪些方面?徐致国大部分自然科学都会一丁点,少部分一窍不通更新2:再报。用了一段时间KernelAbstractions.jl,发现这个跑动力系统仿真之类的还没CPU快。Julia目前所有的GPU库要么只能用上层封装要么要手动优化,写GPU算子还是不行。目前没有Taichi的平替。 更新:昨天折腾了一天CUDA.jl,发现它的上层包装KernelAbstractions.jl也可以手写GPU复杂计算,稍微麻烦点但不需要CUDA基础,我判教了。julia虽然包没python多,但是高性能计算的时候可以手写原生代码太香了。 Taichi的优势是,在不…阅读全文​​赞同 6​​9 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢Julia 和 Taichi 有哪些关联和不同?徐致国大部分自然科学都会一丁点,少部分一窍不通两个根本不是一个层次上的东西。 taichi本质上是一种“很低级”的语言,表达力别说C语言了,比起Fortran都菜得多。而它的主要工作,也类似于fortran,写底层算子,乃至cuda算子。而性能也接近这些中级语言,cpu下和clang编译的C区别不大,还能GPU加速。taichi可以将非常复杂的循环和原子操作转化成CUDA或Vulkan代码,这方面在高级语言中无人能及,除了人脑编译器手撸C/C++几乎没办法达到相同效果。 julia是一种高级语言,支持一…阅读全文​​赞同 9​​2 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢用 Taichi 加速 Python:提速 100+ 倍!胡渊鸣​知乎十年新知答主Python 已经成为世界上最流行的编程语言,尤其在深度学习、数据科学等领域占据主导地位。但是由于其解释执行的属性,Python 较低的性能很影响它在计算密集(比如多重 for 循环)的场景下发挥作用,实在让人又爱又恨。如果你是一名经常需要使用 Python 进行密集计算的开发者,我相信你肯定会有下面的类似经历: 我的 Python 程序里面有个很大的 for 循环,循环体里面全是密集的计算,跑起来好慢啊...我的程序里面只有一小部分计算…阅读全文​​赞同 1313​​103 条评论​分享​收藏Taichi「小矩阵」功能, 到底有多好用?(需求持续收集中)太极图形​已认证账号Taichi 语言中提供了很多好用的小矩阵库函数,方便大家在 Taichi kernel 中调用。这篇文章中将会给大家展示这些函数如何提高生产力而不降低性能。 同时这也是一篇呼吁大家提 Feature Request 的文章。期待大家提供更多你想要的小矩阵相关功能。欢迎在 GitHub Discussion 讨论贴 中留言提“需求”,也欢迎感兴趣的社区同学和我们一起开发! [图片] 有好奇心的各位朋友在自己的学习和工作生涯里,可能都或多或少的做过重复造轮子的事情,造…阅读全文​​赞同 27​​2 条评论​分享​收藏Taichi 和 PyTorch 有哪些相似和不同?胡渊鸣​知乎十年新知答主本回答作者:Ailing、Haidong 校:Liang Zhao、Yuanming在本系列之前的文章 [1] [2] 中,我们了解到 Taichi 和 Torch 分别服务于不同的应用场景:Taichi 能够更精细地控制并行和每个元素 (element) 的操作,极大地提升了用户操作的灵活性。而 Torch 则将这些细节抽象成张量 (Tensor) 级别的操作,使得用户能聚焦于机器学习的模型结构。作为机器学习、计算机图形学领域炙手可热的框架和编程语言,Torch 和 Taichi 能否各取所长,结…阅读全文​​赞同 214​​5 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢Taichi 能否在 Unity 平台使用?k-ye​太极图形 CTOYo! 其实让 Taichi 在 Unity 里跑起来并不算困难,我们也正在朝这个方向努力,一些进度可以参考 [AOT] Integrating Taichi AOT with Unity · Issue #4808 · taichi-dev/taichi 。在此之前我们还做过一些更基础的尝试,比如把 Taichi 生成的 SPIR-V shaders 直接转译成 HLSL,也可以嵌入到 Unity 里跑 :-) [图片] 看到有一些同学不太明确为啥放着好好的 PhysX 不用,来折腾这个。我来说说我们团队的一些看法吧: 快速迭代:Taichi 创新的…阅读全文​​赞同 176​​15 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢在太极图形工作是种怎样的体验?程序猿老甘划水大师,科研临时工。有个粒子模拟做的不错的师弟在太极(官方照片还看到了他)。一家年轻的公司,老板胡渊鸣很年轻,名气很大,技术过硬,奠定了公司的DNA。痴迷于图形学技术,希望从事相关应用研发与工程落地的同学可以考虑。阅读全文​​赞同 5​​添加评论​分享​收藏​喜欢Taichi Hackathon 奖项揭晓,谁将斩获终极冠军?太极图形​已认证账号首届 Taichi Hackathon 于 12 月 4 日圆满结束,比赛经历了各种波折,最终未能和大家线下面基。虽然大赛改为线上进行,但丝毫没有影响选手们的参赛热情,本次大赛共有 37 组队伍报名,最终有 30 个赛队完成项目展示,参赛选手们都发挥出极大的个人潜力,项目涉及领域广泛,兼具创造性和技术性。 从 12 月 4 日下午 1 点开始,答辩全程持续 5 个小时,最终有 10 支参赛队伍突出重围,分获一二三等奖、最佳创意奖、最佳潜力奖,最…阅读全文​​赞同 29​​添加评论​分享​收藏Taichi 和 PyTorch 有哪些相似和不同?太极图形​已认证账号在 Taichi 社区,经常有人问这样一个问题:同样运行在 GPU 上,Taichi 编程语言相比深度学习领域的 PyTorch 或 Tensorflow 有哪些不同? 前 PyTorch 核心开发者,现 Taichi 编译器工程师 @Ailing ,将带大家了解 Taichi 编程语言和 Torch 的基本概念和组件,共同探寻两者之间微妙的相似与差异。首先,Taichi 编程语言与 PyTorch 的主要应用场景并不相同: Torch 是计算机视觉、自然语言处理等深度学习任务的首选。Taichi 则更适用…阅读全文​​赞同 198​​14 条评论​分享​收藏​喜欢浏览量250 万讨论量1362  帮助中心知乎隐私保护指引申请开通机构号联系我们 举报中心涉未成年举报网络谣言举报涉企虚假举报更多 关于知乎下载知乎知乎招聘知乎指南知乎协议更多京 ICP 证 110745 号 · 京 ICP 备 13052560 号 - 1 · 京公网安备 11010802020088 号 · 京网文[2022]2674-081 号 · 药品医疗器械网络信息服务备案(京)网药械信息备字(2022)第00334号 · 广播电视节目制作经营许可证:(京)字第06591号 · 服务热线:400-919-0001 · Investor Relations · © 2024 知乎 北京智者天下科技有限公司版权所有 · 违法和不良信息举报:010-82716601 · 举报邮箱:jubao@zhihu.

"Tachi"是什么意思? -关于日语(日文) | HiNative

"Tachi"是什么意思? -关于日语(日文) | HiNative

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2021年2月9日

jordashwiley

2017年6月15日

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关于日语(日文) 的问题

Tachi 是什么意思?

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Hiroshi212

2017年6月15日

日语

tachi is used to make plural forms of human related nouns such as Watashitachi (we) or Tom-tachi (Tom and others). "Ra" works the same.

tachi is used to make plural forms of human related nouns such as Watashitachi (we) or Tom-tachi (Tom and others). "Ra" works the same.

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biads2112

2017年6月15日

葡萄牙语 (巴西)

used make plural forms

used make plural forms

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114514senpa1

2021年2月9日

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@jordashwiley

tachi(太刀)

japanese katana.

@jordashwiley tachi(太刀)japanese katana.

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What is Tachi? A complete guide to understand the Japanese long sword

by Manson L

on

Jun 05, 2023

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What is Tachi 太刀?

Tachi is a long, curved Japanese sword. Compare with Katana (Uchigatana), Tachi is usually longer, more curved, and the shape is more like a saber. Tachi was mainly used as weapons for horseback combat for samurai, there are many types of tachi and comes with various fittings. We will introduce what is Tachi, History of Tachi, types of Tachi and bring you some famous Tachi from history in this article.

What does Tachi means?

Tachi (太刀) literally translated to "Big sword". The character "太 (ta)" means big,  it can also imply something grand or significant, When used in the context of Japanese swords, it emphasizes the substantial and grand nature of the sword.

The character 刀 (chi) means "sword" or "saber." It is a common character used in Japanese to refer various types of blades.

There are various theories regarding the origin of the name, but the most popular opinion is that it came from the word 'tachi' (断ち), meaning 'to cut through.'

Tachi is a type of Katana, before you get all confuse, in Japanese, Katana (刀) refers to all types of Japanese bladed weapons, that includes Tachi, Uchigatana, Wakizashi, even polearms like Yari, Naginata or Nagamaki. But because Uchigatana (打刀) is the most popular one, in English we always called Katana to refer to Uchigatana. We will stick with using Katana as Uchigatana in this article, but we should bear in mind the correct terminology for Japanese swords.

Characteristics of Tachi

The tachi is characterized by its longer and more curved blade compared to the katana, making it well-suited for slashing attacks from horseback. It is distinctively worn and displayed with the blade edge facing downwards, a practical feature for cavalry use. Additionally, the tachi is notable for its ornate koshirae, which are often more decorative than those of the katana, reflecting the high status and artistic preferences of its samurai owners. 

How long is a Tachi?

Tachi typically has blade length around 75.8 to 78.8 cm (29.8 to 31 inches, or about 2 shaku 5 sun to 2 shaku 6 sun). Variants include the shorter 'Kodachi 小太刀' (around 60 cm or 23.6 inches, approximately 2 shaku) and the longer 'Ōdachi 大太刀 or Nodachi 野太刀.

Kodachi were mainly used for ceremonial purposes, while Ōdachi, significantly longer, were often crafted for shrine offerings. Notable Ōdachi examples are the 'Shida Ōdachi 志田大太刀' (224 cm or 88.2 inches) and 'Nenekirimaru 祢々切丸' (216 cm or 85 inches).

Nodachi 野太刀, designed for actual battle, are over 90.9 cm (35.8 inches, or more than 3 shaku) in length, known for their thick and sturdy build. An example is the 'Kibitsumaru 吉備津丸' by Norimitsu of the Bizen Osafune school, measuring 226.7 cm (89.3 inches), notable for its lighter weight and improved maneuverability. 

The longest & biggest Tachi is Haja no Ontachi (破邪の御太刀) , with a total length of 465 cm (183 inches)  and a weight of 75 kg (165 lbs). It was made in the Edo period (19th century), now keeping at the Hanaoka Hachiman Shrine (八幡宮)

History and development of Tachi

The history of Japanese swords began with straight blades like 'Chokutō' (直刀) during the Yayoi period, influenced by Chinese Dao. These were straight-bladed swords without any curvature, quite different from what we associate with traditional Japanese swords today.

The major transformation in sword design began in the Kofun period when Japan started producing its own iron weapons. This period marked the development of the 'Wantō' (湾刀), a curved sword that resembled a bow.

Wantō led the development of the Tachi, a sword designed for cavalry use due to its curve. When slashing from horseback, the impact when cutting with a straight sword was strong and difficult to manage. By adding a curve, it became easier to slice by pulling rather than pushing, making it a more manageable weapon from horseback. 

Another unique feature of Tachi compare with previous Japanese swords, is the ridge line (shinogi 鎬). It is believed that swords with shinogi (Shinogi zukuri 鎬造り) were more robust and superior in cutting than the traditional flat blades.

However, as warfare shifted from horseback to foot soldier combat, swords evolved to become thinner, lighter, and less curved. This change gave rise to the 'Uchigatana,' a more practical sword for infantry, leading to the decline in the use of Tachi. This evolution reflects Japan's adaptation to changing warfare needs over the centuries.

The Shape of Tachi

The shape (姿) of Tachi changed over time. Each period had its own unique style:

Late Heian to Early Kamakura Period: Tachi was slender and elegant. It had a strong curve at the base, known as 'koshizori' 腰反.

Kamakura Period: The Tachi became robust and grand. It was straighter with a middle curve ('nakazori'中反), wide and thick, with a shorter point ('chukissaki'中切先). This period faced challenges in sword making due to issues like heavy weight and brittleness.

Late Kamakura Period: Influenced by the large Chinese swords used by the Mongol invaders, Tachi became more extravagant yet lighter, with a longer point, making it better for thrusting. This period saw technical and artistic advancements in sword making.

Nanboku-chō Period: Tachi became very large, with blade lengths reaching 3 to 5 shaku (91 to 150 cm), likely carried on the back or by servants due to their size. These swords were lighter, with thinner cross-sections and grooves.

Early Muromachi Period: Tachi returned to a slender and elegant shape, moving away from the oversized style of the Nanboku-chō Period. Blade lengths settled around 72.73 to 75.8 cm, with a high curve and a slight forward curve near the tip (Sakizori 先反).

How to use Tachi

How to wear and display Tachi

When worn, the Tachi is hung from left side of the waist with the edge of the blade facing downwards. This orientation was particularly practical for samurai on horseback, enabling them to draw the sword quickly and efficiently during combat.

In displays, such as in museums or private collections, the Tachi is typically shown with the blade pointing downwards and handle pointing left. 

How Tachi was used

One common misconception about Tachi, or all katana swords, is that they are extremely sharp and able to cut thought anything. But that isn't correct, at least not entirely correct. Tachi in ancient Japan, was more about "striking" than "cutting", we will explain more:

In the late Heian period, when Yumi was still the mainstream choice of weapon on battlefield, the use of Tachi on horseback increased a lot. From the Nanboku-cho to the Muromachi period, Tachi became more important in battlefield, When fighting enemies with Yari or Naginata, the lightness of the tachi was an advantage, allowing quick movements to exploit the enemy's vulnerabilities.

However, it was nearly impossible to kill a mounted warriors in full samurai armor with sword attacks only, so the focus was on striking power. The common way to use a tachi was to first hit the enemy's helmet (kabuto) to stun them, then jump in and use a Tanto to decapitate them.

Types of Tachi

Types of Tachi by the blade

Ōdachi 大太刀

The "Ōdachi" is a very long tachi, measuring over 90 cm (about 35 inches). It's also known as "Nodachi 野太刀". These tachi were sometimes offered to shrines, but samurai also used them in battles. Usually  high-ranking samurai use Odachi, and their servants would carry them during battles.When a samurai needed to use an Ōdachi, their servant would either hold the sheath while the samurai drew the tachi out, or the servant would first remove the tachi from the sheath and then hand it to the samurai.

Kodachi 小太刀

 

The "Kodachi" is a small tachi, usually less than 60 cm (about 24 inches) long, first made in the middle of the Kamakura period. It might look like the "Wakizashi" because of its size, but it's different since it's shaped is more like a normal tachi.Some people think Kodachis were just tachi re-made smaller, but they were actually made small from the beginning. The origin of the Kodachi has several theories: Nobles during the Kamakura period wanted a sword that was stylish and easy to carry, or Kodachi was designed for children or women for self defense.  However, there are not many historical records, so it's not clear exactly how they were used, we can only guess it's similar to Wakizashi. 

Different Tachi by Koshirae

Kebari-gata Tachi (毛抜形太刀)

Known as "Efu no Tachi" or "Noken", this sword has a blade and hilt made as one piece, with a unique hilt designed like ancient tweezers. Influenced by the Warabite sword, it was used by high-ranking samurai. Modern versions keep the tweezer design on the hilt.

Hyogo Kusari Tachi (兵庫鎖太刀)

Originally military gear, this style uses a chain-woven belt instead of metal hangers. Different from the "Long Covering Ring Tachi", its chain design evolved and became less practical.

Kuro Urushi Tachi (黒漆太刀) / Shirozukuri/Shirozaku Tachi (白造/白作太刀)

Covered in black lacquer, this style from the Nara period leaves some parts unpainted for a white effect. Worn by warriors and temple guards, it was also used by higher ranks in mourning.

Iwamono Tachi (厳物造太刀)

A term for decorative and robust battle swords from the Kamakura period, known for their flashy design and solid build. The Hyogo Kusari Tachi is an example.

Nagafukurin no Tachi (長覆輪太刀)

A type of Iwamono Tachi with a scabbard fully covered in metal sheeting and secured with long rings.

Hirumaki Tachi (蛭巻太刀)

Part of the Iwamono Tachi, this style wraps the hilt and scabbard with a silver strip in a spiral, filled in with black lacquer. It was popular until the Muromachi period.

Kawatsutsumi Tachi (革包太刀)

Features a leather-wrapped hilt and scabbard, common in the Muromachi period, often with metal fittings for extra protection.

Kawamaki Tachi (革巻太刀) / Itomaki Tachi (糸巻太刀)

The hilt and scabbard are wrapped with leather (Kawamaki) or braided cords (Itomaki). Popular since before the Kamakura period, especially for larger swords, because of the better grip.

Famous Tachi:

太刀 銘 備州長船住景光

The "Tachi Mei Bishū Osafune Jū Kagemitsu" is an antique Tachi made by Kagemitsu, a famous sword maker from the Kamakura period. He lived in what is now Okayama Prefecture. Kagemitsu's grandfather started a famous group of sword makers, and his father was also a well-known sword maker. Kagemitsu was famous for making swords with very pretty steel and a special pattern on the blade.

太刀 銘 国行

The "Tachi Mei Kunikuni" is an antique Tachi made by Kunikuni, a famous sword maker from the middle of the Kamakura period. He worked in what is now part of Kyoto. Kunikuni started a well-known group of sword makers. He made two types of swords: one was big and strong, and the other was slim and pretty. This sword is one of the slim and pretty ones.

太刀 銘 来国光

The "Tachi Mei Raikuni-Mitsu" is an antique Tachi made by Raikuni-Mitsu. He was a famous sword maker in Kyoto from the late Kamakura period to the Nanboku-chō period. He was the grandson of another famous sword maker, Kunikuni, and related to Raikuni-Toshi, who was very important in their sword-making school. Raikuni-Mitsu made swords that were bigger and stronger than Raikuni-Toshi's, including many long and short swords.

Tachi VS Katana (Uchigatana)

The Tachi and Uchigatana are two types of traditional Japanese swords with notable differences:Length Difference: The Tachi is generally longer than the Uchigatana. Tachi swords were made in earlier periods, like the Heian and Kamakura eras, and were designed for use by cavalry. The Uchigatana, developed later, is shorter, making it more suitable for foot soldiers and allowing for quicker and more flexible movement in close combat.

Usage Difference: The Tachi was primarily used by samurai on horseback and was effective for downward strikes against infantry. The Uchigatana, on the other hand, was more versatile and used by foot soldiers. It was well-suited for both stabbing and slashing, providing more flexibility in different combat situations.

How to Wear and Display Difference: Tachi were typically worn hang from the waist with the edge facing down, a style that facilitated drawing the sword from horseback. The Uchigatana was worn thrust through the belt with the edge facing up, allowing for a faster draw and immediate strike capability, which was essential in close-quarters combat.

In summary, the Tachi is a longer, earlier sword type used mainly by mounted samurai, while the Uchigatana is a shorter, later-developed sword worn by foot soldiers for its versatility and quick-draw capabilities.

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The Tachi: A Comprehensive Guide To Japan's Ancient Blade

Post on Apr 25,2023

The Tachi, an ancient Japanese sword, has captured the imagination of historians, martial artists, and enthusiasts for centuries. With its elegant curvature and unparalleled craftsmanship, the Tachi has left an indelible mark on Japanese history and culture. This blog post aims to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding the Tachi, exploring its origins, features, and the cultural significance it holds.Origins and History of the TachiEarly Japanese swords were primarily straight, single-edged weapons. However, the Tachi emerged during the Heian period (794-1185) as a curved, double-edged sword designed for mounted combat. This development was influenced by Chinese and Korean sword-making techniques, as well as the demands of Japan's evolving military tactics.Anatomy of the TachiThe Tachi consists of several key components, each with its own unique features and purpose:Blade - The Tachi's blade is characterized by its graceful curvature and extended length, designed for cutting and slashing in battle. It typically measures between 70 and 80 centimeters and features a single-edged design with a sharp tip for thrusting.Hilt - The hilt, or tsuka, is the handle of the Tachi. Made of wood and wrapped in ray skin and silk cord, the hilt provides a secure grip for the wielder.Guard - The Tachi's guard, or tsuba, is a circular or oval metal piece situated between the hilt and the blade. It serves to protect the wielder's hand during combat and often features intricate designs.Scabbard - The scabbard, or saya, is a wooden sheath designed to protect the Tachi's blade when not in use. It is typically lacquered and adorned with decorative fittings.Tachi Swordsmiths and CraftsmanshipSwordsmiths held an essential role in Japanese society, crafting weapons that embodied the spirit of the samurai. The forging process of a Tachi involved several traditional techniques:Tamahagane steel production - Swordsmiths created a unique type of steel called tamahagane by smelting iron sand and charcoal in a clay furnace.Folding and differential hardening - The swordsmith would repeatedly fold and hammer the steel to remove impurities, creating a strong and flexible blade. The process of differential hardening, or yaki-ire, involved coating the blade with clay before heating and quenching it in water. This technique produced a blade with a hard, sharp edge and a resilient spine.Polishing and sharpening - Once the forging process was complete, the Tachi was polished and sharpened by a specialist known as a togishi. This meticulous process could take several weeks to complete and resulted in the Tachi's characteristic mirror-like finish and razor-sharp edge.Throughout history, many notable Tachi swordsmiths have made their mark on the craft, including Yasutsuna, Masamune, and Muramasa, each contributing unique styles and innovations.Types and Variations of TachiTachi swords can be classified based on blade curvature, with koshizori (early curvature) and toriizori (middle curvature) being the most common types. Additionally, there are different regional styles and schools of Tachi-making, such as the Bizen, Yamashiro, and Soshu schools. Each school has its unique characteristics and aesthetics, contributing to the rich diversity of Tachi swords.The Tachi in Japanese CultureThe Tachi played a vital role in samurai society, often serving as a symbol of status and power. Samurai warriors would wear the Tachi suspended from their waist, edge facing downward, and use it in battles and duels. As a testament to their skill and courage, samurai would often commission custom-made Tachi swords that reflected their personal tastes and values.In addition to its importance in samurai culture, the Tachi also features prominently in Japanese art and literature. It can be found in various forms of artwork, such as paintings and woodblock prints, often depicting scenes of historical battles or famous samurai. Literary works, including classic poetry and tales like "The Tale of the Heike," also make references to the Tachi, further cementing its cultural significance.The Tachi has influenced various martial arts traditions as well. Traditional Tachi fighting techniques, or kenjutsu, have been passed down through generations and have contributed to the development of modern martial arts like Kendo and Iaido.Preserving and Collecting Tachi SwordsThe Japanese government has taken an active role in preserving Tachi swords as important cultural artifacts. Swords of exceptional historical or artistic value are often designated as National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties, ensuring their preservation and proper care.Modern swordsmiths also play a vital role in the continuation of Tachi craftsmanship. By employing traditional forging techniques, they create authentic Tachi swords for collectors and practitioners, preserving this ancient art form for future generations.For Tachi collectors and enthusiasts, it is essential to learn about the different types and styles of Tachi, as well as the history and craftsmanship behind each sword. Proper care and maintenance are also crucial in preserving the beauty and functionality of these ancient weapons.The Tachi is more than just an ancient Japanese sword. It represents the spirit and history of a nation, embodying the values of the samurai warrior and the skill of master craftsmen. By understanding its origins, features, and cultural significance, we can appreciate the Tachi as a vital part of Japan's rich heritage. As you continue to explore the fascinating world of Tachi swords, let the legacy of these elegant weapons inspire you to delve deeper into the wonders of Japanese culture and history.

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History of the Japanese Tachi | MartialArtSwords.com

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History of the Japanese Tachi blog article December 04, 2017 The katana is undoubtedly the most recognizable Japanese sword. Before it was invented, however, samurai warriors on the island nation wielded a different sword: the tachi. If it weren't for the tachi, perhaps the katana wouldn't have been invented. About the Tachi To the untrained eye, a traditional Japanese tachi may appear similar to a katana. They are both single-edged, two-handed swords with a curved blade. With that said, however, there some key differences between the two. The tachi, for instance, was slightly longer with an average blade length of 27 9/16 to 31 1/2 inches (70 to 80 cm) compared to the katana's blade length of 23 1/2 inches (60 cm). Additionally, the tachi featured a more prominent curve with a smaller point area. Another distinguishable difference between the tachi and the katana lies in the signature. In feudal Japan, swordsmiths would add their signature to the side of the sword's tang that would face outwards when worn by the samurai warrior. The tachi, however, was worn with the cutting edge facing down, whereas the katana was worn with the cutting edge facing up. As a result, the signature of the tachi was in the opposite location of the tang. Origins of the Tachi It's believed that Japanese swordsmiths began forging the tachi during the country's Koto period (900 to 1596). During this time, cavalry were a key element used in militaristic tactics -- and the tachi's design mirrors this fact. Unlike previous swords produced in Japan, the tachi featured a curved blade; thus, improving its efficiency and versatility on the battlefield. Samurai warriors on horseback could easily draw and use the tachi thanks to its curved blade. Genuine tachi swords produced during feudal Japan were mounted in a tachi koshirae. The tachi koshirae featured two hangers that allowed the sword to be worn horizontally with the cutting edge facing down. The Mongol Invasions of Japan, however, changed the way in which the tachi was made. The invading Mongols often wore boiled leather armor, which proved challenging for Japanese samurai warriors. Their swords and weapons would often struggle to penetrate the Mongols' thick armor. As a result, swordsmiths began to make the tachi with a thicker, wider blade. The tachi remained the preferred weapon of Samurai warriors for centuries. Eventually, though, it was replaced with the katana. The katana was a more refined version of the tachi, featuring perfect specifications that ultimately allowed for a superior weapon. Also in Articles The 4 Key Elements of a High-Quality Traditional Japanese Sword March 07, 2019 blog article Read More Kodachi vs Wakizashi: What's the Difference? March 04, 2019 blog article Read More Traditional vs Modern Differential Hardening for Swords March 01, 2019 blog article Read More Subscribe Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more … Categories blog article store news News & Updates Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more … Footer Wholesale Accounts Frequently Asked Questions About Us Return Policy Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Service Refund policy

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